Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dong Zhu, Chunyang Wang, Peichao Zou, Rui Zhang, Shefang Wang, Bohang Song, Xiaoyu Yang, Ke-Bin Low, Huolin L. Xin
Summary: Phase transformation is a universal phenomenon in materials and plays a crucial role in determining their properties. However, accurately segmenting different phases in complex material systems remains a challenge. This study successfully developed a deep-learning tool that can automatically segment intertwined phase domains in cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, outperforming traditional methods and providing quantitative insights into the correlation between multiple phases formed during battery operation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Debaditya Chatterjee, Shuoyuan Huang, Kaichen Gu, Jianzhu Ju, Junguang Yu, Harald Bock, Lian Yu, M. D. Ediger, Paul M. Voyles
Summary: Physical vapor deposition is used to create stable organic glass systems with nanoscale orientational and translational ordering of molecules. Using low-dose 4D STEM and a 2 nm probe, we have mapped columnar order in glassy samples of a discotic mesogen. Both vapor-deposited and liquid-cooled glassy films show similar domains of orientation, with size variations depending on processing. These results demonstrate the potential of low-dose 4D STEM for characterizing mesoscale structures in molecular glass systems relevant to organic electronics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kun Xu, Luo Zhang, Andy Godfrey, Dongsheng Song, Wenlong Si, Yawen Zhao, Yi Liu, Yiheng Rao, Huaiwu Zhang, Heng-An Zhou, Wanjun Jiang, Wenbin Wang, Zhiying Cheng, Jing Zhu
Summary: This study demonstrates how advanced electron microscopy techniques combined with theoretical calculations can determine the interactions between a range of quantum-order parameters in Bi-substituted iron garnet, revealing insights into hidden coupling effects and contributing to enhanced magneto-optical response in complex functional materials.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Amal S. Albedwawi, Reem Al Sakkaf, Tareq M. Osaili, Ahmed Yusuf, Amin Olaimat, Shao-Quan Liu, Giovanni Palmisano, Nagendra P. Shah, Mutamed M. Ayyash
Summary: This paper investigated the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium to remove acrylamide (AA) and examined the mechanism(s) of the AA removal using various microscopic techniques. The results showed that Bifidobacterium breve and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited higher acrylamide reduction rates. The study also found that both strains could tolerate low pH levels and remove acrylamide under in vitro gastrointestinal conditions.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yawei Li, Li Wang, Yufeng He, Wei Zheng, Langhong Lou, Jian Zhang
Summary: The study found that as the temperature increases, the spacing of dislocation networks in the gamma/gamma' interface decreases, while the minimum creep rate increases non-linearly. This is due to the enhanced dislocation-climb in the interface and gamma'-cutting by a <010> superdislocations.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Monika Kakol, Ezher Tagliasacchi, Andrzej Borkowski, Miroslaw Slowakiewicz
Summary: The nutritional condition of seed mussels used in New Zealand's Greenshell mussel aquaculture industry shows high variability, which may contribute to the marked variation observed in spat performance. Environmental factors that limit feeding during harvest and transport of spat are likely influencing the quality of spat used by the industry. Measures to improve the quality of wild spat supply, such as testing nutritional condition and developing nursery culture methods and artificial spat feeds, are needed.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tuan Zaharinie, Zainul Huda, Suriani Ibrahim, Farazila Yusof, Mohd Hamdi, Mohammad Rehan, Tadashi Ariga
Summary: This research paper introduces a reliable and economical method for direct brazing using an active Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal that ensures effective brazing. The study focuses on the sapphire-sapphire brazing process and the formation of uniform reaction layers at the interface. The uniformity of the reaction layers decreases with increasing brazing temperature and time.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Na Yeon Kim, Shaohong Cao, Karren L. More, Andrew R. Lupini, Jianwei Miao, Miaofang Chi
Summary: With the recent development of high-acquisition-speed pixelated detectors, 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) has become available in high-resolution electron microscopy. It provides local information on materials that is challenging to extract from bulk techniques and extends conventional STEM imaging. However, the acquisition of 4D-STEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) simultaneously is currently not possible due to overlapping detector geometry. This study demonstrates the feasibility of modifying the detector geometry for overcoming this challenge and explores the use of a partial or defective detector for ptychographic structural imaging, enabling simultaneous multi-modal measurements with spectral information added to 4D datasets.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Qianqian Xu, Sasa Miao, Huafeng Jian, Xiaoting Zou, Xinyang Dong
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the development of the morphology and immune function in the jejunum and ileum of squab pigeons. The results showed that the enterocyte circumference and villus morphology changed with age, and there were alterations in the levels of secretory IgA and cytokines. Overall, the changes in the intestine persisted throughout the entire period and differed between the jejunum and ileum.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lu Zhang, Huanfang Tian, Sining Dong, Dong Yang, Xiaoguang Li, Jun Li, Jianqi Li, Huaixin Yang
Summary: The structural modulations in multiferroic Bi4.2K0.8Fe2O9+delta (BKFO) nanobelts have been uncovered by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The displacive modulations can be decomposed into a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave, whose amplitudes and phases are layer-dependent. This study may help to understand and optimize the magnetoelectric coupling effect in BKFO.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ivan S. Pavlov, Anna G. Ivanova, Vladimir P. Filonenko, Igor P. Zibrov, Alexei E. Voloshin, Pavel V. Zinin, Alexander L. Vasiliev
Summary: This study investigates the formation of boron carbide superhard particles through a liquid-phase reaction at high pressure and high temperature. The synthesized particles exhibit a rhombic hexecontahedron morphology with twelve five-vertex stars. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the crystal structure of these particles, revealing multiple cycling twinning rather than quasi-crystalline symptoms. The specific shape of the particles is explained by the decrease of surface energy during formation at high pressure and high temperature.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xi Jiang, Nitash P. Balsara
Summary: Electron microscopy has been essential in characterizing polymers, with recent developments allowing for atomic resolution imaging of polymer crystals and providing a comprehensive understanding of strategies towards high-resolution imaging of radiation-sensitive polymer materials at different length scales.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kiranjit K. Bains, Robert D. Young, Elena Koudouna, Philip N. Lewis, Andrew J. Quantock
Summary: Imaging techniques were used to study the three-dimensional microanatomy and spatiotemporal relationships of cells, extracellular matrix, and vasculature at the corneo-scleral limbus of developing and mature chicken eyes. Results showed the development of structures similar to Palisades of Vogt, associated with characteristics of stem cells, and direct cell-cell associations between corneal epithelial and stromal cells.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kevin M. Roccapriore, Matthew G. Boebinger, Ondrej Dyck, Ayana Ghosh, Raymond R. Unocic, Sergei V. Kalinin, Maxim Ziatdinov
Summary: A robust approach for real-time analysis of STEM data streams based on ELIT of deep convolutional neural networks is implemented, enabling the exploration of specific atomic configurations under electron beam irradiation. Combined with beam control, this approach allows studying beam effects on selected atomic groups and chemical bonds in a fully automated mode. The demonstration of atomically precise engineering and identification of topological defects in transition metal dichalcogenides and graphene is presented. The ELIT-based approach facilitates direct on-the-fly analysis of STEM data and enables real-time feedback schemes for electron beam chemistry, atomic manipulation, and atom-by-atom assembly.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Philipp M. Pelz, Alexander Rakowski, Luis Rangel DaCosta, Benjamin H. Savitzky, Mary C. Scott, Colin Ophus
Summary: STEM is a versatile method for studying atomic-scale materials, with PRISM algorithm helping to reduce calculation times for large STEM simulations. The partitioned PRISM STEM simulation method is more time-saving and requires less RAM compared to traditional methods, making it particularly useful for 4D-STEM simulations of large fields of view.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sengo Kobayashi, James M. Howe, Mitsuhiro Murayama
Summary: The study revealed the phenomena of chemical reordering and solute cluster formation in glasses during heating. The interaction between the formation of ribbon and bulk metallic glasses and solute clusters resulted in different effects during temperature increase.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Masaki Mito, Narimichi Mokutani, Hiroki Tsuji, Yongpeng Tang, Kaname Matsumoto, Mitsuhiro Murayama, Zenji Horita
Summary: In this study, the researchers explored new superconductors with higher transition temperatures (Tc) in the Al-Mg-Ti ternary system. They utilized high-pressure torsion (HPT) to produce superconducting states and discovered superconductivity with Tc of 4.0 and 7.3 K. Machine learning predictions supported the appearance of magnetic anomalies at around 55 K and 93 K, indicating the importance of Al-Ti oxides in the manifestation of these anomalies, with the addition of Mg being less effective.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
J. V. Haag, J. Wang, D. J. Edwards, W. Setyawan, M. Murayama
Summary: A combination of electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy was used to study the effects of purposefully introduced anisotropy in a tungsten heavy alloy through hot-rolling. The study focused on changes in number and proportion of various boundary types, and found that increased temperatures and longer annealing time can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Soumya Sourav Sarangi, Avala Lavakumar, Prince Kumar Singh, Prvan Kumar Katiyar, Ranjit Kumar Ray
Summary: The study investigated the Indentation Size Effect (ISE) in steels with varying carbon concentrations using a Vickers micro-hardness tester. It was observed that the micro-hardness decreases with increasing load in all samples except for microalloyed steel. Different empirical models were utilized to determine the load-independent hardness values, and the Nix and Gao model was applied to assess the plastically deformed zone (PDZ) size and its correlation with ISE. It was found that the absence of ISE occurs when PDZ size becomes comparable to or larger than the grain size of the material.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Prvan Kumar Katiyar, Avala Lavakumar, Rita Maurya, Prince Kumar Singh
Summary: This article offers insights into high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as potential binder materials for tungsten carbides, heavy tungsten alloys, and titanium carbo-nitride based cermet composites. By enhancing mechanical properties and tribo-corrosion performance, HEAs-based binder materials can improve the performance and service life of drill bits in mining and cutting operations.
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jesada Punyafu, Sukyoung Hwang, Shiro Ihara, Hikaru Saito, Nobuhiro Tsuji, Mitsuhiro Murayama
Summary: Carbon-containing TWIP steels, which have a great strain hardening capability, suffer from serrations on the stress-strain curves, hindering their commercial development. The impact of grain size, especially in the ultrafine-grained range, and its orientation on the serrations and plastic deformation mechanism has been overlooked. This study compared the plastic deformation behavior in fine-grained and ultrafine-grained specimens and found a change in the dominant deformation mode when the grain size was equal to or smaller than 1 μm. The alteration was strongly influenced by the grain orientation and resulted in the enhancement of strain localization and the inhibition of serrations in the ultrafine-grained specimens.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. V. Haag, J. Wang, K. Kruska, M. J. Olszta, C. H. Henager, D. J. Edwards, W. Setyawan, M. Murayama
Summary: Tungsten heavy alloys are being studied as plasma facing material components in nuclear fusion reactors. In this study, a 90W-7Ni-3Fe alloy was used to create a multiphase brick-and-mortar structure, inspired by the strength and stiffness of mollusks. The high-resolution structural and chemical characterization techniques revealed chemically diffuse phase boundaries with unexpected lattice coherency, contributing to the high strength and toughness of tungsten heavy alloys.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Avala Lavakumar, Myeong-heom Park, Reza Gholizadeh, Ranjit Kumar Ray, Mitsuhiro Murayama, Nobuhiro Tsuji
Summary: Low-carbon multi-phased steels with transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect have attracted significant attention for automotive applications due to their superior mechanical balance between strength and ductility. However, the complex microstructural evolutions during thermo-mechanical processing and the influence of constituent phases on mechanical properties have not been fully understood. In this study, the formation process of multi-phased microstructures in a low alloy steel during intercritical annealing and subsequent partitioning heat-treatment were systematically investigated. The phase fractions of ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite were found to change significantly with increasing holding time at lower temperature. Newly formed ferrite was observed to transform from austenite through massive or bainitic transformation, resulting in different types of ferrite in the final microstructures. The presence of retained austenite was attributed to interstitial carbon diffusion, leading to improved tensile elongation and TRIP effect during deformation. The best strength-ductility balance was achieved with the shortest heat-treatment at lower temperature.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Avala Lavakumar, Myeong-heom Park, Sukyoung Hwang, Hiroki Adachi, Masugu Sato, Ranjit Kumar, Mitsuhiro Murayama, Nobuhiro Tsuji
Summary: Deformation-induced martensitic transformation is a crucial phenomenon for achieving both high strength and large ductility in low alloy multi-phase steels. The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, which involves the phase transformation from austenite to martensite during deformation, can significantly enhance the strain hardening ability. The mechanical stability of austenite against martensitic transformation is influenced by the surrounding phases, but the details are still unclear.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Avala Lavakumar, Shuhei Yoshida, Jesada Punyafu, Shiro Ihara, Yan Chong, Hikaru Saito, Nobuhiro Tsuji, Mitsuhiro Murayama
Summary: The study focuses on the influence of grain size and temperature on the mechanical properties of equiatomic FeCoNi alloy. Different grain sizes ranging from ultra-fine to coarse were achieved by high-pressure torsion and annealing. The results show that the tensile yield strength is affected by temperature and grain size, and the grain boundary strength remains constant while the friction stress increases at lower temperature. At cryogenic temperature, the presence of nano twinning contributes to the enhancement of strength and ductility in addition to dislocation slip.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shiro Ihara, Mizumo Yoshinaga, Hiroya Miyazaki, Kota Wada, Satoshi Hata, Hikaru Saito, Mitsuhiro Murayama
Summary: The in situ observation of thermally activated solid reactions in nanoparticles has been achieved using electron microscopy combined with electron tomography. The study revealed a negative correlation between neck growth and particle distance, and succeeded in reducing the electron dose and preventing interference from oxidation and other artifacts.