Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammad Hussain Alqahtani, Mohammad Faraj Alqahtani, Mohammed Asiri, Saad Alghamdi, Ziyad Alshagawi, Saleh Alzahrani
Summary: The study aims to determine the clinical presentation, past medical history, hospitalization course, and prognosis in children below two years of age who have been hospitalized in the past five years. The results show a significant increase in the length of ICU and ventilator use among females compared to males. Furthermore, infants younger than 12 months account for the majority of ICU admissions.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mina Suh, Naimisha Movva, Xiaohui Jiang, Heidi Reichert, Lauren C. Bylsma, Jon P. Fryzek, Christopher B. Nelson
Summary: This study highlights the importance of ensuring access to RSV preventive measures for all infants and reveals the rates and trends of RSV hospitalizations and emergency department visits among infants with different insurance types.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Francesco Savino, Stefano Gambarino, Maddalena Dini, Andrea Savino, Anna Clemente, Cristina Calvi, Ilaria Galliano, Massimiliano Bergallo
Summary: This study investigated the expression of miR-155 in pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The results showed no correlation between miR-155 expression in pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood. MiR-155 expression in peripheral blood was higher during RSV infection compared to healthy controls, while no significant difference was observed in swabs. This suggests that miR-155 activation may be detectable only in the early stages of infection in swabs and remains visible for longer in the blood.
Article
Pediatrics
Domenico Umberto De Rose, Chiara Maddaloni, Ludovica Martini, Annabella Braguglia, Andrea Dotta, Cinzia Auriti
Summary: This study compared three clinical scoring methods (WBSS, KRS, and GRSS) in predicting the need for respiratory support and length of hospital stay in neonates with bronchiolitis. The results showed that all three scores accurately predicted the need for respiratory support and length of stay, with GRSS performing better in predicting the need for respiratory support.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lauren C. Bylsma, Mina Suh, Naimisha Movva, Jon P. Fryzek, Christopher B. Nelson
Summary: A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the mortality rates of US infants and children aged <5 years with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or all-cause bronchiolitis (ACB). The study found that the reported RSV mortality rates vary greatly and there is a need for nationally representative estimates for otherwise healthy, late-preterm to full-term infants and children.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Clarissa M. Koch, Andrew D. Prigge, Leah Setar, Kishore R. Anekalla, Hahn Chi Do-Umehara, Hiam Abdala-Valencia, Yuliya Politanska, Avani Shukla, Jairo Chavez, Grant R. Hahn, Bria M. Coates
Summary: This study characterized the local host response to RSV infection in the nasal mucosa of infants with critical bronchiolitis and identified early admission gene signatures associated with clinical outcomes. Increased expression and abundance of ciliated cells were positively correlated with duration of hospitalization, suggesting their important role in the disease process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jennifer Simpson, Kirsten M. Spann, Simon Phipps
Summary: RSV infection of hAECs leads to early and late release of HMGB1. Early release is independent of cell death but can be attenuated by inhibiting MLKL. Early release promotes late release and cell death via activation of RAGE. Inhibition of MLKL or targeting the HMGB1/RAGE pathway can attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory HMGB1 and decrease viral load.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana
Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christopher B. Nelson, Brenna L. Brady, Megan Richards, Carolyn R. Lew, William La Via, Michael Greenberg, Christopher Rizzo
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the time from birth hospitalization discharge to the first outpatient visit (FOV) among US infants in order to determine optimal site of administration for the extended half-life antibody. The results found that Medicaid infants had a significantly lower completion rate of FOV compared to commercially insured infants. For US infants born during the RSV season, administration of extended half-life RSV antibodies in the newborn nursery prior to discharge would ensure optimal uptake and minimize access disparities.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
B. Kampmann, S. A. Madhi, I. Munjal, E. A. F. Simoes, B. A. Pahud, C. Llapur, J. Baker, G. Perez Marc, D. Radley, E. Shittu, J. Glanternik, H. Snaggs, J. Baber, P. Zachariah, S. L. Barnabas, M. Fausett, T. Adam, N. Perreras, M. A. Van Houten, A. Kantele, L. -M Huang, L. J. Bont, T. Otsuki, S. L. Vargas, J. Gullam, B. Tapiero, R. T. Stein, F. P. Polack, H. J. Zar, N. B. Staerke, M. Duron Padilla, P. C. Richmond, K. Koury, K. Schneider, E. V. Kalinina, D. Cooper, K. U. Jansen, A. S. Anderson, K. A. Swanson, W. C. Gruber, A. Gurtman
Summary: Vaccination of pregnant women with RSVpreF vaccine was effective in reducing severe RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness in infants. The vaccine showed 81.8% efficacy within 90 days and 69.4% efficacy within 180 days. The vaccine was found to be safe for both mothers and infants.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jun Kubota, Daishi Hirano, Shiro Okabe, Kento Yamauchi, Rena Kimura, Haruka Numata, Takayuki Suzuki, Daisuke Kakegawa, Akira Ito
Summary: The Global Respiratory Severity Score (GRSS) was found to be clinically useful in determining the need for respiratory support in infants under 10 months with RSV infection.
Article
Respiratory System
Martin Wetzke, Dominik Funken, Mathias Lange, Levente Bejo, Sibylle Haid, Joao G. Tereno Monteiro, Katharina Schuetz, Christine Happle, Thomas F. Schulz, Juergen Seidenberg, Thomas Pietschmann, Gesine Hansen
Summary: The IRIS study is an observational, multi-centre study aiming to discover host and viral factors controlling RSV disease courses in infants. It seeks to improve our understanding of the immune response against this virus and may disclose novel diagnostic and treatment approaches for respiratory infections in infants.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Dvir Gatt, Isaac Martin, Rawan AlFouzan, Theo J. J. Moraes
Summary: RSV is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in young children, but there is currently no approved vaccine for prevention. In the past two decades, significant advancements have been made in understanding RSV's pathogenesis and immunopathology, leading to the development of potential vaccines and successful implementation of passive immunization. This review provides an update on current treatment options for acute RSV disease and different therapeutic approaches for RSV prevention.
Review
Immunology
Naimisha Movva, Mina Suh, Lauren C. Bylsma, Jon P. Fryzek, Christopher B. Nelson
Summary: This systematic literature review examines RSV testing patterns and finds that not all infants and children with LRTI are tested for RSV, leading to an underestimation of the RSV burden in all settings.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marine Jourdain, Mehdi Benchaib, Dominique Ploin, Yves Gillet, Etienne Javouhey, Come Horvat, Mona Massoud, Marine Butin, Olivier Claris, Bruno Lina, Jean-Sebastien Casalegno
Summary: This study identifies predictors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalizations in infants and proposes a two-level RSV prevention intervention program based on these predictors. The study provides valuable information for targeting both mothers and infants for non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Samreen Ijaz, Steve Dicks, Keerthana Jegatheesan, Eleanor Parker, Ksenia Katsanovskaja, Elen Vink, Myra O. McClure, J. Shute, Joshua Hope, Nicola Cook, Peter Cherepanov, Lance Turtle, William A. Paxton, Georgios Pollakis, Antonia Ho, Peter J. M. Openshaw, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Richard S. Tedder
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Olivia Swann, Louisa Pollock, Karl A. Holden, Alasdair P. S. Munro, Aisleen Bennett, Thomas C. Williams, Lance Turtle, Cameron J. Fairfield, Thomas M. Drake, Saul N. Faust, Ian P. Sinha, Damian Roland, Elizabeth Whittaker, Shamez N. Ladhani, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Michelle Girvan, Chloe Donohue, Cara Donegan, Rebecca G. Spencer, Hayley E. Hardwick, Peter J. M. Openshaw, J. Kenneth Baillie, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Malcolm G. Semple
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children and young people with SARS-CoV-2 during the UK's second wave. The results showed that patients in the second wave had lower PEWS, less antibiotic use, and fewer respiratory and cardiovascular support compared to the first wave. However, there was no change in the proportion of patients admitted to critical care. At least 20% of patients in this cohort had asymptomatic/incidental SARS-CoV-2 infection.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander Grundmann, Chieh-Hsi Wu, Marc Hardwick, J. Kenneth Baillie, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Malcolm G. Semple, Dankmar Bohning, Sarah Pett, Benedict D. Michael, Rhys H. Thomas, Ian Galea
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of treatment with dexamethasone, remdesivir, or both on neurological complications in acute COVID-19. The study found that treatment with dexamethasone, remdesivir, or both was associated with a lower frequency of neurological complications in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with the greatest benefit observed in patients who received both drugs together.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew K. Siggins, Kate Davies, Rosie Fellows, Ryan S. Thwaites, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Wioleta M. Zelek, Claire L. Harris, B. Paul Morgan
Summary: This study is the largest comprehensive study of complement in COVID-19 to date. It demonstrates the important role of complement in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Early-onset, uncontrolled activation of complement is a ubiquitous feature of COVID-19, further exacerbated in severe cases. These findings provide novel insights into the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and inform strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Cable, Jie Sun, In Su Cheon, Andrew E. Vaughan, Italo A. Castro, Sydney R. Stein, Carolina B. Lopez, Katelyn M. Gostic, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Ali H. Ellebedy, Andreas Wack, Edward Hutchinson, Mallory M. Thomas, Ryan A. Langlois, Daniel Lingwood, Steven F. Baker, Melanie Folkins, Ellen F. Foxman, Andrew B. Ward, Martin Schwemmle, Alistair B. Russell, Christopher Chiu, Ketaki Ganti, Kanta Subbarao, Timothy P. Sheahan, Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster, Taylor Eddens
Summary: Respiratory viruses, including influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, pose a significant threat to global public health. Researchers at the Keystone symposium Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers presented novel insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions, aiming to understand disease mechanisms and develop effective treatment and prevention strategies that are durable and broad.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Felicity Liew, Shubha Talwar, Andy Cross, Brian J. Willett, Sam Scott, Nicola Logan, Matthew K. Siggins, Dawid Swieboda, Jasmin K. Sidhu, Claudia Efstathiou, Shona C. Moore, Chris Davis, Noura Mohamed, Jose Nunag, Clara King, A. A. Roger Thompson, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones, Annemarie B. Docherty, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alexander Horsley, Betty Raman, Krisnah Poinasamy, Michael Marks, Onn Min Kon, Luke Howard, Daniel G. Wootton, Susanna Dunachie, Jennifer K. Quint, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Sara Fontanella, Thushan I. de Silva, Antonia Ho, Ewen Harrison, J. Kenneth Baillie, Malcolm G. Semple, Christopher Brightling, Ryan S. Thwaites, Lance Turtle, Peter J. M. Openshaw
Summary: This study examined the nasal and plasma antibody responses in COVID-19 hospitalized patients one year after discharge and vaccination. The findings showed sustained elevated antibody responses in both nasal and plasma samples for at least 12 months, but the nasal antibody response was minimally influenced by vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of developing vaccines that enhance nasal immunity.
Article
Immunology
Kerensa E. Ward, Lora Steadman, Abid R. Karim, Gary M. Reynolds, Matthew Pugh, Winnie Chua, Sian E. Faustini, Tonny Veenith, Ryan S. Thwaites, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Mark T. Drayson, Adrian M. Shields, Adam F. Cunningham, David C. Wraith, Alex G. Richter
Summary: Post-acute cardiac sequelae are recognized complications of COVID-19, and autoantibodies against heart antigens have been found in individuals with severe COVID-19. Elevated levels of DSG2 protein and autoantibodies were observed in convalescent sera of severe COVID-19 patients, suggesting DSG2 as a potential biomarker for cardiac damage in COVID-19.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Felicity Liew, Claudia Efstathiou, Peter J. M. Openshaw
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erola Pairo-Castineira, Konrad Rawlik, Andrew D. Bretherick, Ting Qi, Yang Wu, Isar Nassiri, Glenn A. McConkey, Marie Zechner, Lucija Klaric, Fiona Griffiths, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Athanasios Kousathanas, Anne Richmond, Jonathan Millar, Clark D. Russell, Tomas Malinauskas, Ryan Thwaites, Kirstie Morrice, Sean Keating, David Maslove, Alistair Nichol, Malcolm G. Semple, Julian Knight, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Lowell Ling, Danny McAuley, Hugh Montgomery, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Colin Begg, Timothy Walsh, Albert Tenesa, Carlos Flores, Jose A. Riancho, Augusto Rojas-Martinez, Pablo Lapunzina, Jian Yang, Chris P. Ponting, James F. Wilson, Veronique Vitart, Malak Abedalthagafi, Andre D. Luchessi, Esteban J. Parra, Raquel Cruz, Angel Carracedo, Angie Fawkes, Lee Murphy, Kathy Rowan, Alexandre C. Pereira, Andy Law, Benjamin Fairfax, Sara Clohisey Hendry, J. Kenneth Baillie
Summary: This study analyzed genetic data from 24,202 severe COVID-19 cases and identified potentially druggable targets, including inflammatory signaling, monocyte-macrophage activation and endothelial permeability, immunometabolism, and host factors required for viral entry and replication.
Article
Immunology
Maarten J. Postma, Chih-Yuan Cheng, Nasuh C. Buyukkaramikli, Luis Hernandez Pastor, Ine Vandersmissen, Thierry Van Effelterre, Peter Openshaw, Steven Simoens
Summary: This study used a decision-tree model to estimate the impact of RSV vaccination on public health and economy in older adults in Belgium. The results demonstrated that a longer duration of vaccine protection could effectively reduce the cases and costs associated with RSV.
Article
Immunology
Dawid Swieboda, Thomas F. Rice, Yanping Guo, Simon Nadel, Ryan S. Thwaites, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Beth Holder, Fiona J. Culley
Summary: Early life is a vulnerable period for infectious diseases and allergy development. This study compares the abundance and function of different subpopulations of innate lymphocytes in cord blood and adult blood. The results show that NKT cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells are less abundant in cord blood, while natural killer cells and other subsets of innate lymphocytes are similarly abundant. However, the functionality of NKT cells in cord blood, such as cytokine production and expression of granzyme B, is lower compared to adults. In contrast, cord blood natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells are abundant and capable of producing their hallmark cytokines. These findings have important implications for early life immunity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Megan V. C. Barnes, Paschalia Pantazi, Beth Holder
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in pregnancy and hold great promise as diagnostic and translational tools for gestational diseases. However, the standardization and reliability of EV isolation and characterization methodologies need improvement, and further research on the functionality of EVs is necessary.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Article
Medical Informatics
Fiina Narhi, S. Ramani Moonesinghe, Susan D. Shenkin, Thomas M. Drake, Rachel H. Mulholland, Cara Donegan, Jake Dunning, Cameron J. Fairfield, Michelle Girvan, Hayley E. Hardwick, Antonia Ho, Gary Leeming, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Riinu Pius, Clark D. Russell, Catherine A. Shaw, Rebecca G. Spencer, Lance Turtle, Peter J. M. Openshaw, J. Kenneth Baillie, Ewen M. Harrison, Malcolm G. Semple, Annemarie B. Docherty
Summary: The study evaluated the clinical implementation of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients in the UK and found that patients older than 70, those with chronic neurological diseases and dementia, as well as pregnant women, were less likely to receive corticosteroids. This reflects potential inequalities in access to life-saving care among certain patient groups.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2022)