Review
Neurosciences
Christine Klaus, Huan Liao, David H. Allendorf, Guy C. Brown, Harald Neumann
Summary: Sialic acids play crucial roles in regulating immune responses and neurodevelopment on the cell surface through binding to proteins and lipids in different ways. Clearance or excessive cleavage of sialic acids can lead to lipid accumulation, protein aggregation, inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
Maria del Mar Fernandez-Arjona, Ana Leon-Rodriguez, Maria Dolores Lopez-Avalos, Jesus M. Grondona
Summary: Microglia activation likely plays a role in ependymal cell death, as shown by the increased expression of cytokine receptors in response to activated microglia. The study suggests that IL-1β could be a mediator of ependymal damage, with implications for brain infections associated with neuraminidase-bearing pathogens.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaylia Jean Harry
Summary: Changes in microglia are commonly associated with neurodegeneration, but it is not clear if they initiate the process. Communication between microglia and neurons helps maintain the cells in a surveillance state, suggesting a partnership role rather than an initiating one in neurodegeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
William T. Ralvenius, Jason L. Andresen, Margaret M. Huston, Jay Penney, Julia Maeve Bonner, Owen S. Fenton, Robert Langer, Li-Huei Tsai
Summary: In this study, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) were used to transfect microglia in vitro and to deliver either mRNA or siRNA in vivo. Using these LNP to deliver anti-inflammatory siRNA reduces neuroinflammation in a neurodegeneration model, highlighting the potential of these LNP as therapeutic tools.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Prieto-Villalobos, Tanhia F. Alvear, Andres Liberona, Claudia M. Lucero, Claudio J. Martinez-Araya, Javiera Balmazabal, Carla A. Inostroza, Gigliola Ramirez, Gonzalo I. Gomez, Juan A. Orellana
Summary: Maternal inflammation can lead to later-in-life brain abnormalities in offspring, affecting the survival and support of neurons, and increasing the risk of neurological disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Isabelle Coales, Stergios Tsartsalis, Nurun Fancy, Maria Weinert, Daniel Clode, David Owen, Paul M. Matthews
Summary: Sex differences in the transcriptome of human myeloid cells may contribute to the sex difference observed in AD prevalence. AD risk genes, gene signatures associated with AD inflammatory response, and genes related to proinflammatory immune response are enriched in microglial cells and peripheral monocytes from female donors. These findings suggest that a myeloid cell phenotype biased towards expression of biological processes relevant to AD may partly explain the increased prevalence of AD in women.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lin Wang, Ying-ying Ding, Ya-qi Wu, Chen Zhao, Jin Wu, Wen-jiao Wang, Fan-hao Meng
Summary: Koumine modulates microglia polarization and suppresses neuroinflammation, leading to improved neurodegenerative behavior.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Fabia Filipello, Claire Goldsbury, Shih Feng You, Alberto Locca, Celeste M. Karch, Laura Piccio
Summary: This article reviews the role of TREM2, focusing on its potential functions as a biomarker in neurological disorders and as a potential therapeutic target for CNS diseases.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Savannah M. Rocha, Kelly S. Kirkley, Debotri Chatterjee, Tawfik A. Aboellail, Richard J. Smeyne, Ronald B. Tjalkens
Summary: Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, with a higher prevalence in men. The cause of the disease is largely unknown, but environmental exposures and neuroinflammation are linked to the misfolding of proteins and disease progression. Activated microglia play a role in promoting neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease, but the interaction between environmental agents and specific innate immune signaling pathways in microglia is not well understood.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dongying Yan, Liang Gao, Jing Lang, Xianhui Gao, Honglin Ma
Summary: Excessive exposure to manganese can lead to neurological diseases characterized by behavioral and motor impairments. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. SIRT1, PGC-1 alpha, NF-kappa B, and STAT3 are important factors in the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses and microglial polarization in mice exposed to manganese.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Carota, Alfio Distefano, Mariarita Spampinato, Cesarina Giallongo, Giuseppe Broggi, Lucia Longhitano, Giuseppe A. Palumbo, Rosalba Parenti, Rosario Caltabiano, Sebastiano Giallongo, Michelino Di Rosa, Riccardo Polosa, Vincenzo Bramanti, Nunzio Vicario, Giovanni Li Volti, Daniele Tibullo
Summary: This study assessed the potential of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in iron overload models. The results showed that ALA could revert iron overload-induced toxicity, regulate gene expression, promote anti-inflammatory effects, and reduce iron accumulation and iron-mediated damage.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wolfgang Loescher, Pavel Klein
Summary: The prevailing standard in drug discovery has shifted from designing highly selective compounds to multi-target and combinatorial drug therapies. Although drug combination therapy is effective for symptomatic treatment, identifying clinically effective disease-modifying treatments for complex brain diseases remains challenging.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Shofiul Azam, Md. Ezazul Haque, In-Su Kim, Dong-Kug Choi
Summary: Microglia are important brain macrophages involved in brain development, homeostasis, and repair. Dysregulation of their functions can lead to the development and exacerbation of neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Amran Howlader, Ekaterina P. Demina, Suzanne Samarani, Tianlin Guo, Antoine Caillon, Ali Ahmad, Alexey Pshezhetsky, Christopher W. Cairo
Summary: The isoenzymes of the neuraminidase family (NEU1, 3, and 4) play essential roles in the activation, extravasation, and migration of immune cells in the induction of acute inflammatory response. NEU1 and NEU3 deficiency decreases leukocyte recruitment, while NEU4 deficiency increases it, indicating opposite effects of NEU isoenzymes on leukocyte infiltration. Further investigation is needed to determine the mechanisms and importance of NEU isoenzymes as regulators of the inflammatory cascade.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kimberly Barber, Patricia Mendonca, Jasmine A. Evans, Karam F. A. Soliman
Summary: Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation play a role in neurodegenerative diseases. Natural compounds, such as cardamonin, have been investigated for their ability to protect cells from oxidative stress. This study found that cardamonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)