Electrostatic Charge-Mediated Apoptotic Vesicle Biodistribution Attenuates Sepsis by Switching Neutrophil NETosis to Apoptosis

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can attenuate organ damage and reduce mortality in sepsis; however, the detailed mechanism is not fully elucidated. In this study, it is shown that MSC-derived apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) can ameliorate multiple organ dysfunction and improve survival in septic mice. Mechanistically, it is found that tail vein-infused apoVs mainly accumulate in the bone marrow of septic mice via electrostatic charge interactions with positively charged neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Moreover, apoVs switch neutrophils NETosis to apoptosis via the apoV-Fas ligand (FasL)-activated Fas pathway. In summary, these findings uncover a previously unknown role of apoVs in sepsis treatment and an electrostatic charge-directed target therapeutic mechanism, suggesting that cell death is associated with disease development and therapy.

Automated summary

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) can alleviate organ damage and improve survival in septic mice. ApoVs mainly accumulate in the bone marrow of septic mice via electrostatic charge interactions with positively charged neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, apoVs switch neutrophils NETosis to apoptosis via the apoV-Fas ligand (FasL)-activated Fas pathway. These findings reveal a previously unknown role of apoVs in sepsis treatment and demonstrate an electrostatic charge-directed target therapeutic mechanism, suggesting the involvement of cell death in disease development and therapy.