One-dimensional van der Waals quantum materials

Quasi 1D Electronic Transport in a 2D Magnetic Semiconductor

(2022) Fan Wu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Does (TaSe4)2I really harbor an axionic charge density wave?

(2022) A. A. Sinchenko et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Transition metal halide nanowires: A family of one-dimensional multifunctional building blocks

(2022) Li Fu et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Self-assembly of aramid amphiphiles into ultra-stable nanoribbons and aligned nanoribbon threads

(2021) Ty Christoff-Tempesta et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

A charge-density-wave topological semimetal

(2021) Wujun Shi et al.   Nature Physics

Electrically Insulating Flexible Films with Quasi‐1D van der Waals Fillers as Efficient Electromagnetic Shields in the GHz and Sub‐THz Frequency Bands

(2021) Zahra Barani et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Polymorphism in Post-Dichalcogenide Two-Dimensional Materials

(2021) Hadallia Bergeron et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

Highly In-Plane Anisotropic Two-Dimensional Ternary Ta2NiSe5 for Polarization-Sensitive Photodetectors

(2021) Jie Qiao et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Electromagnetic-Polarization-Selective Composites with Quasi-1D Van der Waals Fillers: Nanoscale Material Functionality That Mimics Macroscopic Systems

(2021) Zahra Barani et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Observation of superdiffusive phonon transport in aligned atomic chains

(2021) Lin Yang et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation coupled with selective benzylamine oxidation over defective ZrS3 nanobelts

(2021) Zhangliu Tian et al.   Nature Communications

Printed Electronic Devices with Inks of TiS3 Quasi-One-Dimensional van der Waals Material

(2021) Saba Baraghani et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Collective states and charge density waves in the group IV transition metal trichalcogenides

(2021) M. D. Randle et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Rich Polymorphism of Layered NbS3

(2021) Sergio Conejeros et al.   CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

Review of titanium trisulfide (TiS3): A novel material for next generation electronic and optical devices

(2021) Nishant Tripathi et al.   MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING

Visualization of the strain-induced topological phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor TaSe3

(2021) Chun Lin et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

High Breakdown Current Density in Quasi-1D van der Waals Layered Material Ta2NiSe7

(2021) Sang Ok Yoon et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Specifics of Thermal Transport in Graphene Composites: Effect of Lateral Dimensions of Graphene Fillers

(2021) Sriharsha Sudhindra et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Ternary Transition Metal Chalcogenide Nb 2 Pd 3 Se 8 : A New Candidate of 1D Van der Waals Materials for Field‐Effect Transistors

(2021) Byung Joo Jeong et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Charge-density-wave quantum materials and devices—New developments and future prospects

(2021) Alexander A. Balandin et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Biotechnological development of plants for space agriculture

(2021) Yongming Liu et al.   Nature Communications

Phonon and Thermal Properties of Quasi-Two-Dimensional FePS3 and MnPS3 Antiferromagnetic Semiconductors

(2020) Fariborz Kargar et al.   ACS Nano

Phonon hydrodynamics and ultrahigh–room-temperature thermal conductivity in thin graphite

(2020) Yo Machida et al.   SCIENCE

One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures

(2020) Rong Xiang et al.   SCIENCE

Distinction between pristine and disorder-perturbed charge density waves in ZrTe3

(2020) Li Yue et al.   Nature Communications

Strain control of the competition between metallic and semiconducting states in single-layers of TaSe3

(2020) Jose Angel Silva Silva-Guillén et al.   2D Materials

Noncuring Graphene Thermal Interface Materials for Advanced Electronics

(2020) Sahar Naghibi et al.   Advanced Electronic Materials

A chiral switchable photovoltaic ferroelectric 1D perovskite

(2020) Yang Hu et al.   Science Advances

Phononics of Graphene and Related Materials

(2020) Alexander A. Balandin   ACS Nano

Enhanced Charge Carrier Lifetime of TiS 3 Photoanode by Introduction of S 2 2− Vacancies for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

(2020) Zhangliu Tian et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Phase Transition across Anisotropic NbS 3 and Direct Gap Semiconductor TiS 3 at Nominal Titanium Alloying Limit

(2020) Kedi Wu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Graphene Epoxy-Based Composites as Efficient Electromagnetic Absorbers in the Extremely High-Frequency Band

(2020) Zahra Barani et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Magnetoresistance in Quasi-one Dimensional Weyl Semimetal (TaSe4)2I

(2020) I. A. Cohn et al.   JETP LETTERS

Extreme In-Plane Thermal Conductivity Anisotropy in Titanium Trisulfide Caused by Heat-Carrying Optical Phonons

(2020) Huili Liu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Multifunctional Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management at Elevated Temperatures

(2020) Zahra Barani et al.   Advanced Electronic Materials

Stabilization of NbTe3, VTe3, and TiTe3 via Nanotube Encapsulation

(2020) Scott Stonemeyer et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Disorder Quenching of the Charge Density Wave in ZrTe3

(2019) Moritz Hoesch et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Observation of second sound in graphite at temperatures above 100 K

(2019) S. Huberman et al.   SCIENCE

A weak topological insulator state in quasi-one-dimensional bismuth iodide

(2019) Ryo Noguchi et al.   NATURE

The electronic properties of Au and Pt metal contacts on quasi-one-dimensional layered TiS3(001)

(2019) Simeon J. Gilbert et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Fully Inkjet-Printed, Mechanically Flexible MoS2 Nanosheet Photodetectors

(2019) Jung-Woo Ted Seo et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Low Resistivity and High Breakdown Current Density of 10 nm Diameter van der Waals TaSe3 Nanowires by Chemical Vapor Deposition

(2019) Thomas A. Empante et al.   NANO LETTERS

Inkjet-printed stretchable and low voltage synaptic transistor array

(2019) F. Molina-Lopez et al.   Nature Communications

Emergence of a real-space symmetry axis in the magnetoresistance of the one-dimensional conductor Li0.9Mo6O17

(2019) Jianming Lu et al.   Science Advances

Thermal Properties of the Binary‐Filler Hybrid Composites with Graphene and Copper Nanoparticles

(2019) Zahra Barani et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Axionic charge-density wave in the Weyl semimetal (TaSe4)2I

(2019) J. Gooth et al.   NATURE

Mass Production of Two-Dimensional Materials by Intermediate-Assisted Grinding Exfoliation

(2019) Chi Zhang et al.   National Science Review

Synthesis and exfoliation of quasi-1D (Zr,Ti)S3 solid solutions for device measurements

(2019) Dmitry S. Muratov et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS

Thermal Transport in Quasi-1D van der Waals Crystal Ta2Pd3Se8 Nanowires: Size and Length Dependence

(2018) Qian Zhang et al.   ACS Nano

The band structure of the quasi-one-dimensional layered semiconductor TiS3(001)

(2018) Hemian Yi et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Ternary transition titanium-niobium trisulfide as photoanode for assisted water splitting

(2018) E. Flores et al.   CATALYSIS TODAY

Current Carrying Capacity of Quasi-1D ZrTe3 Van Der Waals Nanoribbons

(2018) A. Geremew et al.   IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS

Thermoelectric Properties for a Suspended Microribbon of Quasi-One-Dimensional TiS3

(2018) Tasuku Sakuma et al.   JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS

Band alignments and heterostructures of monolayer transition metal trichalcogenides MX3 (M = Zr, Hf; X = S, Se) and dichalcogenides MX2 (M = Tc, Re; X=S, Se) for solar applications

(2018) Qiyi Zhao et al.   Nanoscale

Giant optical anisotropy in a quasi-one-dimensional crystal

(2018) Shanyuan Niu et al.   Nature Photonics

Torsional instability in the single-chain limit of a transition metal trichalcogenide

(2018) Thang Pham et al.   SCIENCE

Monoclinic structures of niobium trisulfide

(2018) Matthew A. Bloodgood et al.   APL Materials

Observation of Poiseuille flow of phonons in black phosphorus

(2018) Yo Machida et al.   Science Advances

Topological band engineering of graphene nanoribbons

(2018) Daniel J. Rizzo et al.   NATURE

Thermal Percolation Threshold and Thermal Properties of Composites with High Loading of Graphene and Boron Nitride Fillers

(2018) Fariborz Kargar et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

High Thermoelectric Performance Originating from the Grooved Bands in the ZrSe3 Monolayer

(2018) Zizhen Zhou et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Quasi-1D TiS3 Nanoribbons: Mechanical Exfoliation and Thickness-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy

(2018) Alexey Lipatov et al.   ACS Nano

Gate-Controlled Metal–Insulator Transition in TiS3 Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors

(2018) Michael Randle et al.   ACS Nano

Revealing the Spectrum of Unknown Layered Materials with Superhuman Predictive Abilities

(2018) Gowoon Cheon et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Distinct Signatures of Electron–Phonon Coupling Observed in the Lattice Thermal Conductivity of NbSe3 Nanowires

(2018) Lin Yang et al.   NANO LETTERS

Inorganic Molecular Chain Nb 2 Se 9 : Synthesis of Bulk Crystal and One‐Atom‐Thick Level Exfoliation

(2018) Seungbae Oh et al.   Physica Status Solidi-Rapid Research Letters

Isolation of Nb2Se9 Molecular Chain from Bulk One-Dimensional Crystal by Liquid Exfoliation

(2018) Sudong Chae et al.   Nanomaterials

Dual-Functional Graphene Composites for Electromagnetic Shielding and Thermal Management

(2018) Fariborz Kargar et al.   Advanced Electronic Materials

Defects Slow Down Nonradiative Electron–Hole Recombination in TiS3 Nanoribbons: A Time-Domain Ab Initio Study

(2017) Yaqing Wei et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Data Mining for New Two- and One-Dimensional Weakly Bonded Solids and Lattice-Commensurate Heterostructures

(2017) Gowoon Cheon et al.   NANO LETTERS

Phonon Hydrodynamic Heat Conduction and Knudsen Minimum in Graphite

(2017) Zhiwei Ding et al.   NANO LETTERS

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit

(2017) Bevin Huang et al.   NATURE

Phonons and thermal transport in graphene and graphene-based materials

(2017) Denis L Nika et al.   REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS

All-printed thin-film transistors from networks of liquid-exfoliated nanosheets

(2017) Adam G. Kelly et al.   SCIENCE

Topological Materials: Weyl Semimetals

(2017) Binghai Yan et al.   Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

Fully inkjet-printed two-dimensional material field-effect heterojunctions for wearable and textile electronics

(2017) Tian Carey et al.   Nature Communications

Mass-producible 2D-MoSe2 bulk modified screen-printed electrodes provide significant electrocatalytic performances towards the hydrogen evolution reaction

(2017) Samuel J. Rowley-Neale et al.   Sustainable Energy & Fuels

The Origin of Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in InTe: Lone-Pair-Induced Anharmonic Rattling

(2016) Manoj K. Jana et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Quantum-Transport Characteristics of a p-n Junction on Single-Layer TiS3

(2016) Fadil Iyikanat et al.   CHEMPHYSCHEM

Quantum-chemical study of quasi-one-dimensional vanadium and niobium sulfides with Peierls distortion

(2016) M. N. Kozlova et al.   JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY

Direct Fabrication of Functional Ultrathin Single-Crystal Nanowires from Quasi-One-Dimensional van der Waals Crystals

(2016) Xue Liu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Low-Frequency Electronic Noise in Quasi-1D TaSe3 van der Waals Nanowires

(2016) Guanxiong Liu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Breakdown current density in h-BN-capped quasi-1D TaSe3metallic nanowires: prospects of interconnect applications

(2016) Maxim A. Stolyarov et al.   Nanoscale

A charge-density-wave oscillator based on an integrated tantalum disulfide–boron nitride–graphene device operating at room temperature

(2016) Guanxiong Liu et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

High electron mobility, quantum Hall effect and anomalous optical response in atomically thin InSe

(2016) Denis A. Bandurin et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Magnetic field-induced helical mode and topological transitions in a topological insulator nanoribbon

(2016) Luis A. Jauregui et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Two-dimensional van der Waals materials

(2016) Pulickel Ajayan et al.   PHYSICS TODAY

Wavelike charge density fluctuations and van der Waals interactions at the nanoscale

(2016) Alberto Ambrosetti et al.   SCIENCE

Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays

(2016) Manuel Endres et al.   SCIENCE

2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures

(2016) K. S. Novoselov et al.   SCIENCE

Unusual lattice vibration characteristics in whiskers of the pseudo-one-dimensional titanium trisulfide TiS3

(2016) Kedi Wu et al.   Nature Communications

Direct observation of confined acoustic phonon polarization branches in free-standing semiconductor nanowires

(2016) Fariborz Kargar et al.   Nature Communications

Group IVB transition metal trichalcogenides: a new class of 2D layered materials beyond graphene

(2016) Jun Dai et al.   Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Molecular Science

Titanium trisulfide (TiS3): a 2D semiconductor with quasi-1D optical and electronic properties

(2016) Joshua O. Island et al.   Scientific Reports

Chemical Sensing of 2D Graphene/MoS2 Heterostructure device

(2015) Byungjin Cho et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

TiS3Transistors with Tailored Morphology and Electrical Properties

(2015) Joshua O. Island et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Electronic and thermoelectric properties of van der Waals materials with ring-shaped valence bands

(2015) Darshana Wickramaratne et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Vacancy Formation and Oxidation Characteristics of Single Layer TiS3

(2015) F. Iyikanat et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Few-layered titanium trisulfide (TiS3) field-effect transistors

(2015) Alexey Lipatov et al.   Nanoscale

How to get between the sheets: a review of recent works on the electrochemical exfoliation of graphene materials from bulk graphite

(2015) A. M. Abdelkader et al.   Nanoscale

A novel quasi-one-dimensional topological insulator in bismuth iodide β-Bi4I4

(2015) Gabriel Autès et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Gate-tunable phase transitions in thin flakes of 1T-TaS2

(2015) Yijun Yu et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Photoconduction in the Peierls conductor monoclinic TaS 3

(2015) V.E. Minakova et al.   PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER

Single layer of MX3 (M = Ti, Zr; X = S, Se, Te): a new platform for nano-electronics and optics

(2015) Yingdi Jin et al.   PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS

Structural contributions to the pressure-tuned charge-density-wave to superconductor transition inZrTe3: Raman scattering studies

(2015) S. L. Gleason et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Ink-jet printing of graphene for flexible electronics: An environmentally-friendly approach

(2015) A. Capasso et al.   SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS

Hydrodynamic phonon transport in suspended graphene

(2015) Sangyeop Lee et al.   Nature Communications

Phonon hydrodynamics in two-dimensional materials

(2015) Andrea Cepellotti et al.   Nature Communications

Measurement of the cleavage energy of graphite

(2015) Wen Wang et al.   Nature Communications

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties in the 2D Ti1 – xNbxS3 Trichalcogenides

(2015) Patrick Misse et al.   Materials

A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene

(2015) Min Yi et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Inkjet Printing of MoS2

(2014) Jiantong Li et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Specific heat of twisted bilayer graphene: Engineering phonons by atomic plane rotations

(2014) Denis L. Nika et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Electronic and thermoelectric properties of few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides

(2014) Darshana Wickramaratne et al.   JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS

Thermal Conductivity of Graphene and Graphite: Collective Excitations and Mean Free Paths

(2014) Giorgia Fugallo et al.   NANO LETTERS

Thermal conductivity of twisted bilayer graphene

(2014) Hongyang Li et al.   Nanoscale

Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids

(2014) Keith R. Paton et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Edge Nonlinear Optics on a MoS2 Atomic Monolayer

(2014) X. Yin et al.   SCIENCE

Controlling charge-density-wave states in nano-thick crystals of 1T-TaS2

(2014) Masaro Yoshida et al.   Scientific Reports

Ultrahigh Photoresponse of Few-Layer TiS3Nanoribbon Transistors

(2014) Joshua O. Island et al.   Advanced Optical Materials

Probing Symmetry Properties of Few-Layer MoS2 and h-BN by Optical Second-Harmonic Generation

(2013) Yilei Li et al.   NANO LETTERS

Van der Waals heterostructures

(2013) A. K. Geim et al.   NATURE

Phonons in twisted bilayer graphene

(2013) Alexandr I. Cocemasov et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Observation of intense second harmonic generation from MoS2atomic crystals

(2013) Leandro M. Malard et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

High-frequency, 'quantum' and electromechanical effects in quasi-one-dimensional charge density wave conductors

(2013) Vadim Ya Pokrovskii et al.   PHYSICS-USPEKHI

Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials

(2013) V. Nicolosi et al.   SCIENCE

Air-stable, surface-oxide free Cu nanoparticles for highly conductive Cu ink and their application to printed graphene transistors

(2013) Sunho Jeong et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Inkjet Printing of Carbon Nanotubes

(2013) Ryan Tortorich et al.   Nanomaterials

Inkjet-Printed Gold Electrodes on Paper: Characterization and Functionalization

(2012) Anni Määttänen et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Electronic crystals: an experimental overview

(2012) Pierre Monceau   ADVANCES IN PHYSICS

Micro-Raman spectroscopy of mechanically exfoliated few-quintuple layers of Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Sb2Te3 materials

(2012) K. M. F. Shahil et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Phononics in low-dimensional materials

(2012) Alexander A. Balandin et al.   Materials Today

Graphene-on-Diamond Devices with Increased Current-Carrying Capacity: Carbon sp2-on-sp3 Technology

(2012) Jie Yu et al.   NANO LETTERS

“Quantization” of the q-vector in microcrystals of K0.3MoO3 and NbSe3

(2012) S.G. Zybtsev et al.   PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER

Mixed bulk-filament nature in superconductivity of the charge-density-wave conductor ZrTe3

(2012) Kazuhiko Yamaya et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Suppression of phonon heat conduction in cross-section-modulated nanowires

(2012) D. L. Nika et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Graphene quilts for thermal management of high-power GaN transistors

(2012) Zhong Yan et al.   Nature Communications

Lattice thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons: Anisotropy and edge roughness scattering

(2011) Z. Aksamija et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Synthesis of silver nano particles and fabrication of aqueous Ag inks for inkjet printing

(2011) A. Kosmala et al.   MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS

Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials

(2011) Alexander A. Balandin   NATURE MATERIALS

Positive and negative Coulomb drag in vertically integrated one-dimensional quantum wires

(2011) D. Laroche et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene

(2011) W. Bao et al.   Nature Physics

Discrete conducting states, wave-vector variation, and carrier mobilities in NbSe3microsamples

(2011) S. G. Zybtsev et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Two-Dimensional Nanosheets Produced by Liquid Exfoliation of Layered Materials

(2011) J. N. Coleman et al.   SCIENCE

Crystal symmetry breaking in few-quintuple Bi2Te3 films: Applications in nanometrology of topological insulators

(2010) K. M. F. Shahil et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Combined Role of Well-Dispersed Aqueous Ag Ink and the Molecular Adhesive Layer in Inkjet Printing the Narrow and Highly Conductive Ag Features on a Glass Substrate

(2010) Sunho Jeong et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Dimensional crossover of thermal transport in few-layer graphene

(2010) Suchismita Ghosh et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

An extended defect in graphene as a metallic wire

(2010) Jayeeta Lahiri et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Colloquium: Topological insulators

(2010) M. Z. Hasan et al.   REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS

Quantum Oscillations and Hall Anomaly of Surface States in the Topological Insulator Bi2Te3

(2010) D.-X. Qu et al.   SCIENCE

'Quantized' states of the charge-density wave in microcrystals of K0.3MoO3

(2010) S.G. Zybtsev et al.   Nature Communications

Gigahertz-range synchronization at room temperature and other features of charge-density wave transport in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor NbS3

(2009) S. G. Zybtsev et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Peierls distortion as a route to high thermoelectric performance in In4Se3-δ crystals

(2009) Jong-Soo Rhyee et al.   NATURE

The crossover from two dimensions to one dimension in granular electronic materials

(2009) Ke Xu et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Splitting in the Fermi surface ofZrTe3: A surface charge density wave system

(2009) Moritz Hoesch et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Giant Kohn Anomaly and the Phase Transition in Charge Density WaveZrTe3

(2009) Moritz Hoesch et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Printed Assemblies of Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes for Deformable and Semitransparent Displays

(2009) S.-I. Park et al.   SCIENCE

Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator, Bi2Te3

(2009) Y. L. Chen et al.   SCIENCE

Complex thermoelectric materials

(2008) G. Jeffrey Snyder et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite

(2008) Yenny Hernandez et al.   Nature Nanotechnology