Phagocytic astrocytes: Emerging from the shadows of microglia

Single-Cell Sequencing of Brain Cell Transcriptomes and Epigenomes

(2021) Ethan J. Armand et al.   NEURON

Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

(2021) Carole Escartin et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Fully defined human pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia and tri-culture system model C3 production in Alzheimer’s disease

(2021) Sudha R. Guttikonda et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

White matter aging drives microglial diversity

(2021) Shima Safaiyan et al.   NEURON

Multiple sclerosis risk gene Mertk is required for microglial activation and subsequent remyelination

(2021) Kimberle Shen et al.   Cell Reports

Microglial trogocytosis and the complement system regulate axonal pruning in vivo

(2021) Tony KY Lim et al.   eLife

Barcoded viral tracing of single-cell interactions in central nervous system inflammation

(2021) Iain C. Clark et al.   SCIENCE

Histamine triggers microglial responses indirectly via astrocytes and purinergic signaling

(2021) Pengfei Xia et al.   GLIA

Astrocytes directly clear myelin debris through endocytosis pathways and followed by excessive gliosis after spinal cord injury

(2020) Song Wang et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Microglia Actively Remodel Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through the Phagocytosis Secretome

(2020) Irune Diaz-Aparicio et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Astrocytes and Microglia: In Sickness and in Health

(2020) Ilia D. Vainchtein et al.   TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES

Phagocytosis of Necrotic Debris at Sites of Injury and Inflammation

(2020) Johannes Westman et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Microglial Corpse Clearance: Lessons From Macrophages

(2020) Mar Márquez-Ropero et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

TREM2 activation on microglia promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in a model of multiple sclerosis

(2020) Francesca Cignarella et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Local externalization of phosphatidylserine mediates developmental synaptic pruning by microglia

(2020) Nicole Scott‐Hewitt et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Microglia phagocytose myelin sheaths to modify developmental myelination

(2020) Alexandria N. Hughes et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Crosstalk Between Astrocytes and Microglia: An Overview

(2020) Agata Matejuk et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Astrocytes and microglia play orchestrated roles and respect phagocytic territories during neuronal corpse removal in vivo

(2020) Eyiyemisi C. Damisah et al.   Science Advances

Astrocytic phagocytosis is a compensatory mechanism for microglial dysfunction

(2020) Hiroyuki Konishi et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Cell type-specific evaluation of ADGRG1/GPR56 function in developmental central nervous system myelination

(2020) Brian Chiou et al.   GLIA

Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia

(2020) Ana Badimon et al.   NATURE

Microglia and Astrocytes in Disease: Dynamic Duo or Partners in Crime?

(2020) Shane A. Liddelow et al.   TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY

Immunometabolism in the Brain: How Metabolism Shapes Microglial Function

(2020) Louis-Philippe Bernier et al.   TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES

Fractalkine-Dependent Microglial Pruning of Viable Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Regulates Myelination

(2020) Ashley D. Nemes-Baran et al.   Cell Reports

Astrocytes phagocytose adult hippocampal synapses for circuit homeostasis

(2020) Joon-Hyuk Lee et al.   NATURE

Complement targets newborn retinal ganglion cells for phagocytic elimination by microglia

(2019) Sarah R Anderson et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Microglia are effector cells of CD47-SIRPα antiphagocytic axis disruption against glioblastoma

(2019) Gregor Hutter et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Sodium rutin ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease–like pathology by enhancing microglial amyloid-β clearance

(2019) Rui-Yuan Pan et al.   Science Advances

Microglial Phagocytosis of Newborn Cells Is Induced by Endocannabinoids and Sculpts Sex Differences in Juvenile Rat Social Play

(2019) Jonathan W. VanRyzin et al.   NEURON

Increased synapse elimination by microglia in schizophrenia patient-derived models of synaptic pruning

(2019) Carl M. Sellgren et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Cell death: a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy

(2019) Mark S D’Arcy   CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

CD22 blockade restores homeostatic microglial phagocytosis in ageing brains

(2019) John V. Pluvinage et al.   NATURE

A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

(2019) Sung Hoon Baik et al.   Cell Metabolism

C3- and CR3-dependent microglial clearance protects photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa

(2019) Sean M. Silverman et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Myelin in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pathology

(2019) Christine Stadelmann et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Phagocytosis in the Brain: Homeostasis and Disease

(2019) Dylan A. Galloway et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Large-scale death of retinal astrocytes during normal development is non-apoptotic and implemented by microglia

(2019) Vanessa M. Puñal et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

A locked immunometabolic switch underlies TREM2 R47H loss of function in human iPSC‐derived microglia

(2019) Thomas M. Piers et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Accelerates Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris and Attenuates Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Complement Receptor 3

(2019) Yinglu Liu et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Dual microglia effects on blood brain barrier permeability induced by systemic inflammation

(2019) Koichiro Haruwaka et al.   Nature Communications

Apoptosis and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells

(2018) Shigekazu Nagata   Annual Review of Immunology

Phagocytic Roles of Glial Cells in Healthy and Diseased Brains

(2018) Yeon-Joo Jung et al.   Biomolecules & Therapeutics

Innate immune adaptor TRIF deficiency accelerates disease progression of ALS mice with accumulation of aberrantly activated astrocytes

(2018) Okiru Komine et al.   CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION

The Microglial Innate Immune Receptor TREM2 Is Required for Synapse Elimination and Normal Brain Connectivity

(2018) Fabia Filipello et al.   IMMUNITY

Aspirin induces Lysosomal biogenesis and attenuates Amyloid plaque pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via PPARα

(2018) Sujyoti Chandra et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Epigenetic regulation of brain region-specific microglia clearance activity

(2018) Pinar Ayata et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

TREM2 Is a Receptor for β-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function

(2018) Yingjun Zhao et al.   NEURON

Physiology of Astroglia

(2018) Alexei Verkhratsky et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Local apoptotic-like mechanisms underlie complement-mediated synaptic pruning

(2018) Balázs A. Györffy et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Astrocyte-derived interleukin-33 promotes microglial synapse engulfment and neural circuit development

(2018) Ilia D. Vainchtein et al.   SCIENCE

Targeted complement inhibition salvages stressed neurons and inhibits neuroinflammation after stroke in mice

(2018) Ali Alawieh et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Microglia remodel synapses by presynaptic trogocytosis and spine head filopodia induction

(2018) Laetitia Weinhard et al.   Nature Communications

TFEB enhances astroglial uptake of extracellular tau species and reduces tau spreading

(2018) Heidi Martini-Stoica et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Anti-TLR2 antibody triggers oxidative phosphorylation in microglia and increases phagocytosis of β-amyloid

(2018) Ana Rubio-Araiz et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Microglia-Like Cells Harboring TREM2 Missense Mutations Show Specific Deficits in Phagocytosis

(2018) Pablo Garcia-Reitboeck et al.   Cell Reports

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Microglia throughout the Mouse Lifespan and in the Injured Brain Reveals Complex Cell-State Changes

(2018) Timothy R. Hammond et al.   IMMUNITY

Developmental Heterogeneity of Microglia and Brain Myeloid Cells Revealed by Deep Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

(2018) Qingyun Li et al.   NEURON

Phagocytic clearance of presynaptic dystrophies by reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

(2017) Angela Gomez-Arboledas et al.   GLIA

Sleep Loss Promotes Astrocytic Phagocytosis and Microglial Activation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex

(2017) Michele Bellesi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia

(2017) Shane A. Liddelow et al.   NATURE

Transcriptomic analysis of purified human cortical microglia reveals age-associated changes

(2017) Thais F Galatro et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

TDP-43 Depletion in Microglia Promotes Amyloid Clearance but Also Induces Synapse Loss

(2017) Rosa C. Paolicelli et al.   NEURON

Cell Biology of Astrocyte-Synapse Interactions

(2017) Nicola J. Allen et al.   NEURON

Phosphatidylserine Exposure Controls Viral Innate Immune Responses by Microglia

(2017) Yusuf Tufail et al.   NEURON

Reactive astrocytes function as phagocytes after brain ischemia via ABCA1-mediated pathway

(2017) Yosuke M. Morizawa et al.   Nature Communications

Myelin phagocytosis by astrocytes after myelin damage promotes lesion pathology

(2016) Gerald Ponath et al.   BRAIN

Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion

(2016) A. Verkhratsky et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Microglia engulf viable newborn cells in the epileptic dentate gyrus

(2016) Cong Luo et al.   GLIA

MerTK Is a Functional Regulator of Myelin Phagocytosis by Human Myeloid Cells

(2016) Luke M. Healy et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Megf10 Is a Receptor for C1Q That Mediates Clearance of Apoptotic Cells by Astrocytes

(2016) Tal Iram et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

TAM receptors regulate multiple features of microglial physiology

(2016) Lawrence Fourgeaud et al.   NATURE

Astrocytes from old Alzheimer's disease mice are impaired in Aβ uptake and in neuroprotection

(2016) Tal Iram et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models

(2016) S. Hong et al.   SCIENCE

Neuronal Hyperactivity Disturbs ATP Microgradients, Impairs Microglial Motility, and Reduces Phagocytic Receptor Expression Triggering Apoptosis/Microglial Phagocytosis Uncoupling

(2016) Oihane Abiega et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

TREM2 regulates microglial cell activation in response to demyelination in vivo

(2015) Claudia Cantoni et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Sculpting Neural Circuits by Axon and Dendrite Pruning

(2015) Martin M. Riccomagno et al.   Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

TREM2 Lipid Sensing Sustains the Microglial Response in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model

(2015) Yaming Wang et al.   CELL

Microglial phagocytosis of living photoreceptors contributes to inherited retinal degeneration

(2015) L. Zhao et al.   EMBO Molecular Medicine

Slow degradation in phagocytic astrocytes can be enhanced by lysosomal acidification

(2015) Camilla Lööv et al.   GLIA

Apolipoprotein E Is a Ligand for Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2)

(2015) Yuka Atagi et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

The Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Binds Apolipoprotein E

(2015) Charles C. Bailey et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

TREM2 sustains microglial expansion during aging and response to demyelination

(2015) Pietro Luigi Poliani et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Inefficient clearance of myelin debris by microglia impairs remyelinating processes

(2015) Antoine Lampron et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) Deficiency Attenuates Phagocytic Activities of Microglia and Exacerbates Ischemic Damage in Experimental Stroke

(2015) M. Kawabori et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Phosphatidylserine and the human brain

(2015) Michael J. Glade et al.   NUTRITION

Astrocytes phagocytose focal dystrophies from shortening myelin segments in the optic nerve ofXenopus laevisat metamorphosis

(2015) Elizabeth A. Mills et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

DAMPs from Cell Death to New Life

(2015) Emilie Vénéreau et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Perivascular microglia promote blood vessel disintegration in the ischemic penumbra

(2014) Valérie Jolivel et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Activity-Dependent Structural Plasticity of Perisynaptic Astrocytic Domains Promotes Excitatory Synapse Stability

(2014) Yann Bernardinelli et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency impairs microglial phagocytosis of degenerating axons

(2014) Labchan Rajbhandari et al.   GLIA

Enhancing Astrocytic Lysosome Biogenesis Facilitates A  Clearance and Attenuates Amyloid Plaque Pathogenesis

(2014) Q. Xiao et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior

(2014) Yang Zhan et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Human Astrocytes: Secretome Profiles of Cytokines and Chemokines

(2014) Sung S. Choi et al.   PLoS One

Transcellular degradation of axonal mitochondria

(2014) Chung-ha O. Davis et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Distinct roles for BAI1 and TIM-4 in the engulfment of dying neurons by microglia

(2014) Fargol Mazaheri et al.   Nature Communications

Astrocyte-Synapse Structural Plasticity

(2014) Yann Bernardinelli et al.   NEURAL PLASTICITY

Astrocytes engage unique molecular programs to engulf pruned neuronal debris from distinct subsets of neurons

(2013) O. E. Tasdemir-Yilmaz et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Lactadherin/MFG-E8 is essential for microglia-mediated neuronal loss and phagoptosis induced by amyloid β

(2013) Urte Neniskyte et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Microglia Regulate the Number of Neural Precursor Cells in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

(2013) C. L. Cunningham et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Astrocytes mediate synapse elimination through MEGF10 and MERTK pathways

(2013) Won-Suk Chung et al.   NATURE

TGF-β signaling regulates neuronal C1q expression and developmental synaptic refinement

(2013) Allison R Bialas et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Essential Role of MFG-E8 for Phagocytic Properties of Microglial Cells

(2013) Yong Liu et al.   PLoS One

Functional Impairment of Microglia Coincides with Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Mice with Alzheimer-Like Pathology

(2013) Grietje Krabbe et al.   PLoS One

Phagocytosis executes delayed neuronal death after focal brain ischemia

(2013) J. J. Neher et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis

(2013) Amanda Sierra et al.   Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience

Biology of the TAM Receptors

(2013) G. Lemke   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Identification of the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-related Protein-1 Interactome in Central Nervous System Myelin Suggests a Role in the Clearance of Necrotic Cell Debris

(2012) Anthony Fernandez-Castaneda et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Primary phagocytosis of viable neurons by microglia activated with LPS or Aβ is dependent on calreticulin/LRP phagocytic signalling

(2012) Michael Fricker et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

MFG-E8 Mediates Primary Phagocytosis of Viable Neurons during Neuroinflammation

(2012) M. Fricker et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Sialic Acid on the Neuronal Glycocalyx Prevents Complement C1 Binding and Complement Receptor-3-Mediated Removal by Microglia

(2012) B. Linnartz et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner

(2012) Dorothy P. Schafer et al.   NEURON

Variant of TREM2 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease

(2012) Thorlakur Jonsson et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

TREM2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease

(2012) Rita Guerreiro et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

The Cell Biology of Phagocytosis

(2011) Ronald S. Flannagan et al.   Annual Review of Pathology-Mechanisms of Disease

Glia delimit shape changes of sensory neuron receptive endings in C. elegans

(2011) Carl Procko et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Inhibition of Microglial Phagocytosis Is Sufficient To Prevent Inflammatory Neuronal Death

(2011) J. J. Neher et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Physiology of Microglia

(2011) Helmut Kettenmann et al.   PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Myelination transition zone astrocytes are constitutively phagocytic and have synuclein dependent reactivity in glaucoma

(2011) J. V. Nguyen et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Synaptic Pruning by Microglia Is Necessary for Normal Brain Development

(2011) R. C. Paolicelli et al.   SCIENCE

Nerve injury-activated microglia engulf myelinated axons in a P2Y12 signaling-dependent manner in the dorsal horn

(2010) Mitsuyo Maeda et al.   GLIA

Glial and neuronal control of brain blood flow

(2010) David Attwell et al.   NATURE

Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages

(2010) F. Ginhoux et al.   SCIENCE

Microglial Interactions with Synapses Are Modulated by Visual Experience

(2010) Marie-Ève Tremblay et al.   PLOS BIOLOGY

Astrocytes: biology and pathology

(2009) Michael V. Sofroniew et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Pretaporter, a Drosophila protein serving as a ligand for Draper in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells

(2009) Takayuki Kuraishi et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Synaptic potentiation induces increased glial coverage of excitatory synapses in CA1 hippocampus

(2009) Irina Lushnikova et al.   HIPPOCAMPUS

Engulfment of Axon Debris by Microglia Requires p38 MAPK Activity

(2009) Tatsuhide Tanaka et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is an essential receptor for myelin phagocytosis

(2009) A. Gaultier et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE

Identification of Lipoteichoic Acid as a Ligand for Draper in the Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by Drosophila Hemocytes

(2009) Y. Hashimoto et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Resting Microglia Directly Monitor the Functional State of Synapses In Vivo and Determine the Fate of Ischemic Terminals

(2009) H. Wake et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to promote phagocytic clearance

(2009) Michael R. Elliott et al.   NATURE

Clearance and deposition of extracellular α-synuclein aggregates in microglia

(2008) He-Jin Lee et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Axl−/− mice have delayed recovery and prolonged axonal damage following cuprizone toxicity

(2008) Hannah J. Hoehn et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Apoptosis induces expression of sphingosine kinase 1 to release sphingosine-1-phosphate as a “come-and-get-me” signal

(2008) David R. Gude et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

MFG-E8 Regulates Microglial Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Neurons

(2008) Abby D. Fuller et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

A Transcriptome Database for Astrocytes, Neurons, and Oligodendrocytes: A New Resource for Understanding Brain Development and Function

(2008) J. D. Cahoy et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE