Bottom-up nanoparticle synthesis: a review of techniques, polyphenol-based core materials, and their properties

Polyphenol is contained in a plant as a secondary metabolite product. It potentially has benefits for the body but quickly has unstable characteristics due to temperature, pH, etc. Nanotechnology is one solution to maintain polyphenol's stability, efficiency, and bioavailability as a core material. The synthesis of nanoparticles using a bottom-up approach has advantages in particle shape and size compared to the top-down approach. The physical characteristics of nanoparticles such as particle size, particle distribution, charge and particle morphology, and entrapment efficiency will depend on the polymer used, the synthesis technique, and the drying method contained in the bottom-up approach. Advances in applying nanoparticles in food applications as packaging materials and nanocarriers of bioactive compounds have potential future technological prospects. This review discussed the factors affecting the bottom-up synthesis of nanoparticles, fabrication technique, polyphenols as core materials, nanoparticle parameter quality, and application.

Automated summary

Polyphenol, as a secondary metabolite in plants, quickly loses stability due to factors like temperature and pH. Nanotechnology offers a solution for maintaining its stability and efficiency. The bottom-up synthesis of nanoparticles has advantages over the top-down approach in terms of particle shape and size.