Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sazada Siddiqui, Heba Waheeb Saeed Alhamdi, Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
Summary: COVID-19 is highly contagious and has caused major disruptions around the world. Prevention is crucial through measures such as self-isolation and vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emma B. Hodcroft, Nicola De Maio, Rob Lanfear, Duncan R. MacCannell, Bui Quang Minh, Heiko A. Schmidt, Alexandros Stamatakis, Nick Goldman, Christophe Dessimoz
Summary: Researchers are in need of new approaches to control the pandemic as existing tools, rules, and incentives are struggling to cope with the flood of coronavirus genome sequences.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sudhvir Singh, Christine Mcnab, Rose McKeon Olson, Nellie Bristol, Cody Nolan, Elin Bergstrom, Michael Bartos, Shunsuke Mabuchi, Raj Panjabi, Abraar Karan, Salma M. Abdalla, Mathias Bonk, Margaret Jamieson, George K. Werner, Anders Nordstrom, Helena Legido-Quigley, Alexandra Phelan
Summary: The independent panel has conducted a retrospective analysis of events, actions, and recommendations during the outbreak from late 2019 to early 2020, revealing both rapid responses and areas where improvements could have been made. Furthermore, countries with previous experience in handling similar outbreaks were more successful in containing the virus at the initial stage.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Demi M. E. Pagen, Stephanie Brinkhues, Nicole H. T. M. Dukers-Muijrers, Casper D. J. den Heijer, Noortje Bouwmeester-Vincken, Danielle A. T. Hanssen, Linda M. van de Laar, Inge H. M. van Loo, Paul H. M. Savelkoul, Christian J. P. A. Hoebe
Summary: This study examined the sex and age differences in experienced COVID-19 symptoms among both unaware infected adults and uninfected individuals. The results showed that there were differences in symptom proportions based on serostatus in different sex and age groups.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emily Waltz
Summary: Vaccines that are inhaled through the nose or mouth could potentially halt the spread of the coronavirus, but there is currently limited evidence from human trials.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Quirin Schiermeier, Peter Klimek
Summary: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of scientists and volunteers have been tracking government interventions to curb viral spread. At a recent conference, scientists involved in 50 tracking databases discussed their efforts to deduce the most effective policies. Peter Klimek, a mathematical physicist, explained the challenges of the tracking project.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Arturo Casadevall, Susan R. Weiss, Michael J. Imperiale
Summary: The origins of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are being debated between a natural and a lab accident hypothesis, and while science can provide important information, it may not offer a definitive answer.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra L. Phelan
Summary: Countries can learn from climate treaties to achieve real changes in global health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hong Zheng, Shengwei Jin, Ting Li, Weiyang Ying, Binyu Ying, Dong Chen, Jie Ning, Chanfan Zheng, Yuping Li, Chen Li, Chengshui Chen, Xiaokun Li, Hongchang Gao
Summary: Metabolic profiling in COVID-19 patients reveals sex-specific metabolic changes during recovery, with men showing alterations in fatty acids and women in glycerophosphocholines and carbohydrates. These differences may help predict the duration of recovery in non-severe COVID-19 patients.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David N. Fisman, Amy L. Greer, Gabrielle Brankston, Michael Hillmer, Sheila F. O'Brien, Steven J. Drews, Ashleigh R. Tuite
Summary: The study found that disease incidence and testing rates were highest in the oldest age group and lowest in those younger than 20 years, with no differences in incidence by sex. After adjusting for testing frequency, SIRs were lowest in children and adults aged 70 or older, but significantly higher in adolescents and males aged 20 to 49 compared to the overall population.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Harshit Harpaldas, Siddarth Arumugam, Chelsey Campillo Rodriguez, Bhoomika Ajay Kumar, Vivian Shi, Samuel K. Sia
Summary: In this review, we provide an overview of developments in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on both technological and non-technological aspects important to POC researchers and test developers. We describe common features in the POC technologies that obtained Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for nucleic acid, antigen, and antibody tests, and how these tests fit into four distinct POC use cases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Juliette Paireau, Megan O'Driscoll, Mathilde Pivette, Bruno Hubert, Isabelle Pontais, Sema Nickbakhsh, Derek A. T. Cummings, Simon Cauchemez, Henrik Salje
Summary: Comparing age and sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and mortality with other coronaviruses, influenza, and other health outcomes can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms driving disease risk. The study finds that the relative rates of hospitalization and mortality associated with the emergent coronaviruses are lower in childhood and increase earlier compared to influenza and seasonal coronaviruses. The age distribution of disease risk for emerging pathogens appears to be linked to the gradual deterioration of the immune system, while this relationship is less pronounced for endemic pathogens. Interestingly, age-specific sex differences in hospitalizations are similar across different types of infections.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katharine Sanderson
Summary: Patrick Vallance, a scientific advisor to the UK government during the peak of the COVID pandemic, states that scientific officials should be aware of four key factors when guiding policymakers.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruth Faden, Alejandro Cravioto, Joachim Hombach, David C. Kaslow, Sonali Kochhar, Hanna Nohynek, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Matthew A. Crane, Saad B. Omer
Summary: An advisory group used a new approach to tackle the challenge of advising the World Health Organization on prioritizing COVID-19 vaccine distribution.
Article
Virology
Fanfan Zeng, Mengjun Wu, Jinbiao Wang, Jianyu Li, Guoyun Hu, Lin Wang
Summary: This study found that the positive rates of IgM antibody in convalescent COVID-19 patients were similar between males and females, while the positive rates of IgG antibody were nearly the same. There was a significant difference in the levels of IgG antibodies between different age groups, with older patients maintaining a higher level even after 1 year of recovery.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ujjaval Srivastava, Kaushalendra Kumar Singh, Pawan Kumar Yadav
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pravat Bhandari, Ezra Gayawan, Suryakant Yadav
Summary: The study examines the spatial patterns of underweight and overweight among adult men and women in different districts of India, finding that malnutrition burden shows geographical divides across the country. While overweight is prevalent in southern and northern India, underweight risks are higher in central, western, and eastern regions. Despite limited evidence on the double burden of malnutrition, sixty-six districts with double burden have been identified, highlighting the need for specialized policy initiatives to address the coexistence of underweight and overweight issues.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Babul Hossain, Pawan Kumar Yadav, Varsha P. Nagargoje, K. J. Vinod Joseph
Summary: This study examines the association between physical limitations and depressive symptoms in elderly individuals, with a focus on the moderating role of marital status. Findings suggest that unmarried women are more vulnerable to depressive symptoms when facing physical limitations, highlighting the importance of attention and care for elderly individuals with physical limitations.
Article
Demography
Ajinkya Kothavale, Parul Puri, Suryakant Yadav
Summary: This study evaluated the burden of hypertension and unmet need for hypertension care among working-age men aged 15-54 in India, finding a significant proportion of hypertensive individuals not receiving adequate screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohd Rashid Khan, Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Saddaf Naaz Akhtar, Suryakant Yadav, Ratna Patel
Summary: The study examines the risk factors of multimorbidity among older adults in India, with a focus on the contrasting prevalence among different socioeconomic groups and genders.
Article
Pediatrics
Suryakant Yadav, Pravat Bhandari
Summary: The study found that all children in various socioeconomic groups in India experience stunted height and weight growth in the first two years, though to varying degrees. Factors such as short birth interval, higher birth order, maternal education, household wealth, and district level mortality rate have strong interactions with child's age, influencing their growth patterns during different developmental stages. The interactive effects of most socio-demographic risk factors on child weight tend to weaken parabolically with age.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Rakesh Kumar Saroj, Pawan Kumar Yadav, Rajneesh Singh, Obvious N. Chilyabanyama
Summary: This study used machine learning models and multivariate logistic regression to predict under-five mortality and identify important factors. The results showed that the neural network model was the best predictive model, with an accuracy of 95.29% to 95.96%, recall of 71.51% to 81.03%, precision of 36.64% to 51.83%, F1 score of 50.46% to 62.68%, Cohen's Kappa value of 0.48 to 0.60, AUROC range of 93.51% to 96.22%, and precision-recall curve range of 99.52% to 99.73%. Additionally, logistic regression also performed well in predicting under-five mortality, with an accuracy of 94% to 95%, AUROC range of 93.4% to 94.8%, and precision-recall curve range of 99.5% to 99.6%. Important factors influencing under-five mortality included the number of living children, survival time, wealth index, child size at birth, birth in the last five years, the total number of children ever born, mother's education level, and birth order.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suryakant Yadav, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Shivani Anil Patel, Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham
Summary: The reduction in lifespan disparity is crucial for epidemiological transition in developed countries, while India's transition is modest due to a heavy burden of noncommunicable diseases and high mortality inequality. Although communicable disease mortality has declined, the impact of noncommunicable diseases leads to high mortality inequality in middle-aged to old-age individuals. Structural changes in causes of death are primarily influenced by communicable diseases, with a boost from declining adult mortality, especially in women. However, the contribution of middle-aged individuals and the decline in old-age mortality is limited. India needs to target health interventions for significant mortality decline in the middle-age group to accelerate its epidemiological transition, similar to developed nations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pawan Kumar Yadav, Suryakant Yadav
Summary: This study examines the life expectancy and life disparity at birth in the Indian population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using NFHS and SRS data. The findings reveal a decline in life expectancy and an increase in life disparity during the pandemic, with significant impact on mortality patterns in India.
ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Shejal Kasera, Suryakant Yadav, Prashanth Prabhu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the variations in the auditory system across the four phases of menstruation. The results showed that auditory sensitivity was significantly poorer during the menstrual phase compared to other phases in females, while no significant differences were found in males.
EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Demography
Suryakant Yadav
Summary: India has seen a reduction in infant and child mortality rates since the early 1980s, but disparities in adult mortality rates persist. Variations in sex and regional factors contribute to inequality in age at death. Lowering mortality in the 15-29 age group can lead to increased life expectancy in India.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE
(2021)
Article
Demography
Suryakant Yadav, Arokiasamy Perianayagam
COMPARATIVE POPULATION STUDIES
(2020)