Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Priscila L. Zimath, Milena S. Almeida, Maciel A. Bruxel, Alex Rafacho
Summary: In this study, the potential therapeutic application of mometasone furoate (MF) with fewer adverse effects was investigated. It was found that MF maintained anti-inflammatory activity, but intraperitoneal administration led to glucose intolerance, while oral administration did not. Regardless of the route of administration, MF reduced insulin sensitivity and increased pancreatic beta-cell mass. Overall, oral administration of MF minimized the adverse effects on metabolism.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ana B. Emiliano, Natalie R. Lopatinsky, Marko Kraljevic, Sei Higuchi, Ying He, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Gary J. Schwartz
Summary: Sleeve gastrectomy or intermittent fasting with calorie restriction produces better metabolic outcomes in females than in males. Intermittent fasting with calorie restriction increases brown adipose tissue sympathetic innervation density and improves glucose tolerance in females, irrespective of weight loss.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paulina Podkalicka, Olga Mucha, Katarzyna Kazirod, Krzysztof Szade, Jacek Stepniewski, Liudmyla Ivanishchuk, Hirofumi Hirao, Ewelina Pospiech, Alicja Jozkowicz, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski, Jozef Dulak, Agnieszka Loboda
Summary: "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by muscle tissue abnormalities and systemic metabolic alterations. This study demonstrates that the loss of miR-378 in mdx mice leads to dysregulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The absence of miR-378 improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mdx mice and restores the expression of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. These findings suggest that inhibiting miR-378 may be a potential strategy to alleviate the multifaceted symptoms of DMD."
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Habib ur Rehman, Kaleem Ullah, Aamir Rasool, Robina Manzoor, Yu Yuan, Abdul Malik Tareen, Imdad Kaleem, Naveeda Riaz, Sahir Hameed, Shahid Bashir
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome and endocrine disorder characterized by glucose homeostasis loss due to insulin dysfunction. This study compared the effects of streptozotocin (STZ) on biochemical, toxicological, and hematological parameters between normoglycemic and STZ-induced type 2 diabetic male albino rats. The results showed significant variations in blood glucose, biochemical parameters, toxicological parameters, and hematological parameters in the STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats compared to the normoglycemic group.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ana Ines Silva, Manuel Direito, Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro, Paula Ludovico, Belem Sampaio-Marques
Summary: Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary intervention associated with improved metabolic parameters. This review and meta-analysis compared different IF protocols, including alternate-day fasting (ADF), time-restricted fasting (TRF), and religious fasting (RF). ADF was found to have the most beneficial effects on metabolic conditions, particularly in obese and MetS individuals. However, the impact of IF on individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) was limited, primarily affecting insulin homeostasis. The study highlights the importance of considering an individual's health status and specific metabolic diseases when evaluating the effects of IF.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Wirongrong Wongkitikamjorn, Eiji Wada, Jun Hosomichi, Hideyuki Maeda, Sirichom Satrawaha, Haixin Hong, Ken-ichi Yoshida, Takashi Ono, Yukiko K. Hayashi
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of gestational intermittent hypoxia (IH) on the skeletal muscle of adolescent offspring rats. The findings showed that exposure to gestational IH reduced endurance running capacity in the offspring rats. The reduced running capacity was associated with altered energy metabolism, decreased expression of adiponectin receptors, and decreased capillary density in the skeletal muscles of the offspring rats.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guangyu Guo, Liyuan Fan, Yingxue Yan, Yunhao Xu, Zhifen Deng, Miaomiao Tian, Yaoqi Geng, Zongping Xia, Yuming Xu
Summary: This study integrated single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of stroke and Alzheimer's disease models to identify shared metabolic shifts. The researchers discovered altered metabolic modules in endothelial cells, mainly enriched in transporter-related pathways, which may lead to a decrease in specific metabolites. Additionally, potential upstream transcriptional regulators causing metabolic shifts were identified, suggesting possible intervention targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Nathan C. Winn, Elysa M. Wolf, Jamie N. Garcia, Alyssa H. Hasty
Summary: This study shows that loss of Trem2 does not worsen metabolic dysfunction in obese mice, indicating a dissociation between adipose tissue remodeling caused by Trem2 loss and whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Andrew T. Nelson, Davide Trotti
Summary: ALS is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, causing muscle atrophy, paralysis, and death. Despite progress in research, there are currently no effective treatments available. Alterations to bioenergetic and metabolic homeostasis have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for ALS.
Review
Neurosciences
Aya Jishi, Xin Qi
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the development and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. The diverse functions of mitochondria require tight regulation of protein import, dynamics, and turnover, which can be affected in several major proteinopathies. Failure of these regulatory mechanisms compromises mitochondrial function and exacerbates pathogenic processes.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jain Jeong, Soyoung Jang, Song Park, Wookbong Kwon, Si-Yong Kim, Soyoen Jang, Jiwon Ko, Si Jun Park, Su-geun Lim, Duhak Yoon, Junkoo Yi, Sanggyu Lee, Myoung Ok Kim, Seong-Kyoon Choi, Zae Young Ryoo
Summary: The study highlighted the important role of JAZF1 in adipocyte differentiation and related metabolism through experiments in vitro and in vivo. Heterozygous JAZF1 knockout mice exhibited abnormalities in adipose tissue mass and glucose metabolism, providing new insights for treating obesity and metabolic disorders.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Caitlin N. Cadaret, Robert J. Posont, Rebecca M. Swanson, Joslyn K. Beard, Rachel L. Gibbs, Taylor L. Barnes, Eileen S. Marks-Nelson, Jessica L. Petersen, Dustin T. Yates
Summary: The study aimed to investigate whether intermittent maternofetal oxygenation during late gestation could improve neonatal growth and glucose metabolism in lambs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The results showed that intermittent maternofetal oxygenation during late gestation improved postnatal growth and metabolic outcomes in IUGR lambs, but had a limited effect on muscle beta 2 adrenoceptor content.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Veronica F. Salau, Ochuko L. Erukainure, Kolawole A. Olofinsan, Md. Shahidul Islam
Summary: The study demonstrates the therapeutic effect of vanillin against metabolic dysfunctions in the testes of T2D rats, effectively attenuating oxidative imbalance, purinergic and cholinergic dysfunctions, as well as suppressing glucose dysmetabolism.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Khanh Van Doan, Le Trung Tran, Dong Joo Yang, Thu Thi Anh Ha, Thi Dang Mai, Seul Ki Kim, Ronald A. Depinho, Dong-Min Shin, Yun-Hee Choi, Ki Woo Kim
Summary: In this study, the essential role of hypothalamic astrocytic FoxO1 in maintaining normal neuronal activity in the hypothalamus and whole-body glucose metabolism was demonstrated. Inhibition of FoxO1 function in hypothalamic astrocytes alters cellular metabolism, enhancing astrocyte ATP production while decreasing lactate export. Specific deletion of astrocytic FoxO1, particularly in the hypothalamus, hyperactivates hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons, leading to increased feeding, impaired glucose regulation, diet-induced obesity, and systemic glucose dyshomeostasis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alessia Quarta, Daniela Iannucci, Miriana Guarino, Annalisa Blasetti, Francesco Chiarelli
Summary: Hypoglycemia is a metabolic condition that occurs due to defects in the metabolic systems or hormone control involved in the transition from the fed to the fasting state. In children, it is considered an emergency as it can lead to brain injury, permanent neurological damage, and even death. Diagnosis involves laboratory investigations during a hypoglycemic event, as well as biochemical tests between episodes, dynamic endocrine tests, and molecular genetics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alec L. W. Dick, Qiongyi Zhao, Rose Crossin, Danay Baker-Andresen, Xiang Li, Janette Edson, Simone Roeh, Victoria Marshall, Timothy W. Bredy, Andrew J. Lawrence, Jhodie R. Duncan
Summary: Adolescent exposure to toluene inhalants can lead to changes in gene expression and DNA methylation profiles within the rat medial prefrontal cortex, likely relating to acute inflammatory responses and persistent deficits in synaptic plasticity. These adaptations may contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with chronic toluene exposure and provide novel molecular targets for preventing long-term neurophysiological abnormalities following chronic toluene inhalation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ashleigh Qama, Nicole Allard, Benjamin Cowie, Joshua S. Davis, Jane Davies
Summary: The study found a higher prevalence of HBV in Indigenous populations in the Northern Territory than previously estimated, with evidence of suboptimal vaccine efficacy predominantly in Indigenous individuals.
INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sasha Rawlinson, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: Insulin, traditionally known for its role in diabetes treatment and blood glucose regulation, has also been found to affect neurotransmitters in the brain, impacting both metabolism and mood disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Garron T. Dodd, Seung Jae Kim, Mathieu Mequinion, Chrysovalantou E. Xirouchaki, Jens C. Bruening, Zane B. Andrews, Tony Tiganis
Summary: This study highlights the importance of hypothalamic insulin signaling in regulating feeding and glucose metabolism. Insulin acting on AgRP neurons can reduce meal size and limit postprandial glucose and insulin excursions, as well as prevent the development of systemic insulin resistance. Enhancing insulin signaling in AgRP neurons may be a potential approach to alter feeding behavior and combat metabolic syndrome in a nutrient-dense environment.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David R. Grattan, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: The Special Issue commemorates the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, highlighting its diverse actions in neuroendocrine function with great potential for advancements in human health.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zane B. Andrews
Summary: Neural circuits play a role in regulating food intake by responding to internal hunger and hedonic cues. This study used a hunger discrimination task and genetic manipulation to identify circuits involved in driving food intake.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katharina Voigt, Adeel Razi, Ian H. Harding, Zane B. Andrews, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
Summary: The study found that excess weight and obesity lead to persistent top-down excitation of the hypothalamus, regardless of the homeostatic state, and reduced excitation of the dorso-lateral to ventromedial prefrontal cortex during hunger. These results support the views of impaired self-regulation and non-hunger-related eating behavior in obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Alex Reichenbach, Rachel E. Clarke, Romana Stark, Sarah Haas Lockie, Mathieu Mequinion, Harry Dempsey, Sasha Rawlinson, Felicia Reed, Tara Sepehrizadeh, Michael DeVeer, Astrid C. Munder, Juan Nunez-Iglesias, David C. Spanswick, Randall Mynatt, Alexxai Kravitz, Christopher Dayas, Robyn Brown, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: This study found that metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons is crucial for regulating motivation for food reward by modulating dopamine release in the striatum.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sasha Rawlinson, Alex Reichenbach, Rachel E. Clarke, Juan Nunez-Iglesias, Harry Dempsey, Sarah H. Lockie, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: This study found that hypoglycemia and glucose deprivation inhibit the activity of VMH Vglut2 neurons, while hyperglycemia does not. This suggests that VMH Vglut2 neurons may not be the main driving factors required for initiating the counterregulatory response.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Helen J. Rushby, Zane B. Andrews, Matthew D. W. Piper, Christen K. Mirth
Summary: Modifying the proportions of macronutrients in the diet has significant effects on the reproduction and health of animals. In this study, using capillary feeding assays, we explored how adult fruit flies compromise their nutrient intake when limited to single diets. We found that young male and female flies compromised by consuming more food on diets with low protein to carbohydrate ratios. Additionally, female flies showed greater variations in carbohydrate intake compared to males, and mated females consumed more food than virgin females.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Romana Stark, Jack Feehan, Aya Mousa, Zane B. B. Andrews, Barbora de Courten
Summary: This study identified an association between liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) levels and key cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overweight and obesity, including body fat, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance. LEAP2 may represent a potential therapeutic target to promote insulin secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kaixin Huang, Laura K. Milton, Harry Dempsey, Stephen J. Power, Kyna-Anne Conn, Zane B. Andrews, Claire J. Foldi
Summary: Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder with a high mortality rate. Cognitive inflexibility is associated with the disorder, but it is unclear whether it predisposes individuals to anorexia nervosa. Previous animal studies using the activity-based anorexia model have shown a link between cognitive inflexibility and pathological weight loss. However, testing flexible learning in the same animals before exposure to the activity-based anorexia model has been difficult. This study presents a fully-automated and experimenter-free touchscreen cognitive testing system for rats and examines the relationship between reversal learning and weight loss in the activity-based anorexia model. The findings provide insights into the connection between cognitive inflexibility and pathological weight loss and offer potential targets for future research on pharmacotherapies for anorexia nervosa.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Felicia Reed, Alex Reichenbach, Harry Dempsey, Rachel E. Clarke, Mathieu Mequinion, Romana Stark, Sasha Rawlinson, Claire J. Foldi, Sarah H. Lockie, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: This study reveals that hunger and the environmental context can increase food-seeking behavior, and the activity of AgRP neurons plays a crucial role in this process. Precise temporal control of AgRP neuron activity is necessary for the development of the context-induced feeding response.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wang Lok So, Jiachen Hu, Lotus Jeffs, Harry Dempsey, Sarah H. Lockie, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Romana Stark, Alex Reichenbach, Zane B. Andrews
Summary: The sensory detection of food suppresses AgRP neuronal activity, and ghrelin receptor signaling on AgRP neurons integrates energy need with external sensory cues to produce an optimal change in AgRP neural activity.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Megan Whatnall, Janelle Skinner, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Adrian Carter, Robyn M. Brown, Zane B. Andrews, Chris V. Dayas, Charlotte A. Hardman, Natalie Loxton, Priya Sumithran, Tracy Burrows
Summary: The study found differences in the agreement with symptoms of addictive eating among different health professions, with psychologists, psychotherapists, and counsellors showing lower agreement to certain statements. Professionals providing advice for disordered eating also had lower agreement compared to those providing advice for overweight/obesity. However, there were minimal differences based on the population group/s that health professionals work with.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2021)