Article
Plant Sciences
Yuki Okegawa, Natsuki Tsuda, Wataru Sakamoto, Ken Motohashi
Summary: Light-dependent activation of chloroplast enzymes is crucial for the rapid induction of photosynthesis. Two pathways, the Fd/Trx pathway and the NTRC pathway, in the Trx system play central roles in this process. This study reveals the involvement of the PGR5-dependent pathway in the NTRC pathway and the partial restoration of Trx-dependent reduction of thiol enzymes by PGR5, providing insights into the regulation of electron partitioning during the induction of photosynthesis.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sami Kazaz, Romane Miray, Loic Lepiniec, Sebastien Baud
Summary: Monounsaturated fatty acids are important components synthesized by plants, with unique structures and biological functions, widely used in the food and chemical industries. Ongoing research into the links between fatty acid structures and functions provides a theoretical basis for the development of new crops rich in monounsaturated fatty acids.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Mauro Danielli, Leja Perne, Eva Jarc Jovicic, Toni Petan
Summary: Lipid droplets are organelles that store fat and play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism. They undergo a continuous turnover process of biogenesis and breakdown to meet the cell's needs for fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Precise regulation of lipid droplet turnover is crucial for maintaining the distribution and homeostasis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Thiol/disulfide-based redox regulation is a common post-translational protein modification in plant chloroplasts, tightly associated with the light-induced activation of photosynthetic enzymes. The thioredoxin-mediated pathway has long been recognized as the fundamental machinery of chloroplast redox regulation, but recent studies have revealed the presence of multiple Trx isoforms and Trx-like proteins, as well as potential redox regulation targets among chloroplast enzymes. The discovery of novel redox-regulated processes and functional diversity in the Trx family proteins has shed new light on the molecular basis and physiological importance of this redox regulation system in chloroplasts.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Yekaterina Bedoshvili, Yulia Podunay, Alyona Nikonova, Artyom Marchenkov, Elvira Bairamova, Nikolai Davidovich, Yelena Likhoshway
Summary: This study characterized the structural features of lipid bodies and fatty acid composition in the diatom Entomoneis cf. paludosa during different growth phases. Results showed an increase in lipid bodies in the cytoplasm during the stationary growth phase and differences in fatty acid composition depending on the growth phase. The strain studied can provide hexadecanoic and octadecanoic fatty acids during the stationary growth phase, as well as eicosapentaenoic fatty acid during the exponential growth phase.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuka Fukushi, Yuichi Yokochi, Ken-ichi Wakabayashi, Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Thioredoxin (Trx) plays a crucial role in regulating enzyme activities in chloroplasts through reducing disulfide bonds. Some stromal proteins have slow response to changes in redox condition caused by light/dark changes, while ATP synthase gamma subunit on the thylakoid membrane shows high sensitivity. The difference in redox kinetics may be determined by the localization of each protein in the chloroplast.
Article
Plant Sciences
Prashantee Singh, Raj Kumar Verma, Subhadeep Chatterjee
Summary: The Xanthomonas group of phytopathogens communicate using a fatty acid-like signal molecule known as diffusible signal factor (DSF). In the rice pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, DSF regulates virulence-associated functions including the secretion of cell wall hydrolysing type II effectors. Mutant analysis showed that DSF is required for membrane integrity in regulating the secretion of type II effectors and virulence. Increasing osmolarity could rescue the hypersecretion phenotype of the mutant.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuichi Yokochi, Keisuke Yoshida, Florian Hahn, Atsuko Miyagi, Ken-ichi Wakabayashi, Maki Kawai-Yamada, Andreas P. M. Weber, Toru Hisabori
Summary: The redox regulation of enzyme activity through cysteine residues in chloroplasts is crucial for maintaining NADPH homeostasis under different light conditions. A mutation that eliminates a redox switch in chloroplast NADP-malate dehydrogenase results in severe growth retardation in plants under short-day or fluctuating light conditions, highlighting the importance of fine-tuning the activity of key enzymes for efficient photosynthesis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Keisuke Yoshida, Toru Hisabori
Summary: Various proteins in plant chloroplasts are regulated by thiol-based redox processes for light-responsive control. A specific form of phosphofructokinase (PFK), PFK5, is a novel redox-regulated protein that is suppressed upon reduction, while also being activated through oxidization by specific Trx proteins. This redox regulation of PFK5, together with other proteins like FBPase, plays a crucial role in switching light/dark metabolism in chloroplasts.
PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Norbert Volkmar, Christian M. Gawden-Bone, James C. Williamson, Jonathon Nixon-Abell, James A. West, Peter H. St George-Hyslop, Arthur Kaser, Paul J. Lehner
Summary: The regulation of membrane lipid composition plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. This study identifies proteins that differ between mammalian cells fed saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and reveals the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF145 and lipid hydrolase ADIPOR2 in membrane lipid composition sensing and regulation. The findings provide insights into a novel autoregulatory pathway that controls cellular membrane lipid homeostasis and prevents lipotoxic stress.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ceyhun Bereketoglu, Isabel Haggblom, Beste Turanli, Ajay Pradhan
Summary: In this study, the comparative toxicity of DINP and DINCH on 3T3-L1 cells was evaluated. Both plasticizers were found to induce adipogenesis and alter the expression of lipid-related genes. Furthermore, DINP may be more effective in regulating lipid metabolism.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yingqi Cai, Xiao-Hong Yu, John Shanklin
Summary: Plants convert carbohydrates into energy-dense lipids through photosynthesis, making plant oils an economically and sustainably attractive feedstock for biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Various strategies have been developed to enhance lipid accumulation and produce specialty lipids with increased uses and value. Successful metabolic engineering involves expression of lipogenic factors from other sources or with specialized functionality.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Makoto Murakami
Summary: Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a group of enzymes that release fatty acids and lysophospholipids from glycerophospholipids. They have been implicated in signal transduction, membrane homeostasis, energy production, and lipid pathway regulation. Perturbation of PLA2-driven lipid pathways may be associated with various diseases. This review discusses the physiological functions of the PLA2 superfamily, focusing on different PLA2 families and their roles in lipid metabolism.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jamin Koo, Yeeun Cha
Summary: This research focused on how different types of ferredoxins affect the yield of anaerobic and aerobic H2 production, as well as the electron loss due to O2 reduction by reduced ferredoxins within the pathway. The findings provide insights for improving biological H2 production technologies and understanding interactions between Fe-S clusters and molecular oxygen.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Varnavas D. Mouchlis, Daiki Hayashi, Alexis M. Vasquez, Jian Cao, J. Andrew McCammon, Edward A. Dennis
Summary: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) associates with lipoproteins in human plasma and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids. The mechanism of enzyme-membrane association and substrate specificity were studied using lipidomics and mass spectrometry techniques.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
M. Luisa Hernandez, M. Dolores Sicardo, Angjelina Belaj, Jose M. Martinez-Rivas
Summary: The fatty acid composition of olive oil, particularly high oleic and low linoleic acid content, has a significant impact on oil quality. Studies on 89 olive cultivars revealed that oleic and linoleic acid contents showed the highest degree of variability. Specific olive cultivars with extremely low and high linoleic acid contents were used to investigate the contribution of different fatty acid desaturases to the composition of the oil. The research suggests that gene expression levels and enzyme specificities are responsible for the variability of oleic/linoleic acid ratio in olive cultivars, providing valuable insights for olive breeding programs aimed at improving oil quality.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Fernando Dominguez, Francisco Javier Cejudo
Summary: Chloroplasts in plant cells serve as factories of metabolic intermediates supporting growth, with functions influenced by environmental cues. They not only sense changing environmental conditions and harmonize growth, but also play a crucial role in plant development by dismantling damaged chloroplasts in response to stressful environmental conditions, to prevent harmful effects from toxic by-products.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Valle Ojeda, Julia Jimenez-Lopez, Francisco Jose Romero-Campero, Francisco Javier Cejudo, Juan Manuel Perez-Ruiz
Summary: The study reveals a functional relationship between NTRC and 2-Cys Prxs in chloroplasts, primarily in controlling the redox balance of 2-Cys Prxs. This association may influence the redox status of chloroplast enzymes, playing a significant role in cytosolic protein quality control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergio Cerezo, M. Luisa Hernandez, Elena Palomo-Rios, Naima Gouffi, Lourdes Garcia-Vico, M. Dolores Sicardo, Carlos Sanz, Jose A. Mercado, Fernando Pliego-Alfaro, Jose M. Martinez-Rivas
Summary: The investigation on the functional analysis of the olive 13-HPL gene through overexpression and silencing demonstrated its important role in the biosynthesis of olive volatile compounds, impacting the quality of virgin olive oil. The study revealed that altering the expression levels of 13-HPL gene resulted in significant changes in the volatile profile of the leaves, affecting plant growth and development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria-Cruz Gonzalez, Francisco Javier Cejudo, Mariam Sahrawy, Antonio Jesus Serrato
Summary: The article discusses mechanisms that allow an appropriate electron flux to avoid the detrimental consequences of photosynthesis redox imbalances.
Article
Plant Sciences
Adrian Perez-Arcoiza, M. Luisa Hernandez, M. Dolores Sicardo, Virginia Hernandez-Santana, Antonio Diaz-Espejo, Jose M. Martinez-Rivas
Summary: The relative contribution of carbon sources from leaves and fruits photosynthesis to triacylglycerol biosynthesis in olive fruits and their interaction with water stress were investigated. It was found that both leaf and fruit photosynthesis contribute to carbon supply for oil biosynthesis, with leaves being the main source. Carbon supply and water status regulate oil synthesis and the expression of key genes involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Fatty acid composition is also influenced by carbon supply.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonia M. Gallardo-Martinez, Julia Jimenez-Lopez, Maria Luisa Hernandez, Juan Manuel Perez-Ruiz, Francisco Javier Cejudo
Summary: The absence of 2-Cys Prxs leads to inhibition of seed development in Arabidopsis, highlighting the significance of plastid redox systems in embryogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victor Delgado-Requerey, Francisco Javier Cejudo, Maria-Cruz Gonzalez
Summary: The NTRC-2-Cys-Prx system plays a central role in the coordinated regulation of chloroplast biosynthetic pathways and NADPH extrusion via malate valve. The functional relationship between NTRC, 2-Cys Prxs, and m-type Trxs is established. The impairment of NTRC-2-Cys-Prx system leads to severe phenotypic defects in Arabidopsis, which can be suppressed by decreasing the content of 2-Cys Prx.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
M. Luisa Hernandez, Cristina Munoz-Ocana, Pilar Posada, M. Dolores Sicardo, Damaso Hornero-Mendez, Raquel B. Gomez-Coca, Angjelina Belaj, Wenceslao Moreda, Jose M. Martinez-Rivas
Summary: The study investigates the variability of squalene content in a collection of 36 olive cultivars and identifies two cultivars with extremely high and low squalene content. The researchers also clone cDNA sequences encoding squalene synthases from olive and determine the gene mainly involved in squalene biosynthesis. The study highlights the transcriptional regulation of squalene biosynthesis in water-stressed olive mesocarp.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Samuele Moretti, M. Luisa Hernandez
Summary: The cultivation of olive trees, which started in Syria millions of years ago, has become a key component of the economies of Mediterranean countries, producing over 90% of the world's olive oil. The increasing international demand for olive oil has led to its cultivation in new regions such as California, Argentina, and Australia. The growth in olive oil production and consumption is driven by its exceptional organoleptic characteristics, mainly influenced by the fatty acid composition, which can be affected by both cultivar and environmental factors.
ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS ONLINE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Francisco Javier Cejudo, Maria-Cruz Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Perez-Ruiz
Summary: Plant chloroplasts regulate enzyme activity through thiol-disulfide exchange, with NTRC and FDX-FTR-TRXs redox systems playing key roles in fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light intensity. 2-Cys PRX is involved in controlling the reducing activity of chloroplast TRXs and the rapid oxidation of stromal enzymes during darkness, adding an additional layer of control to the signaling function of the chloroplast.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lina Duan, Juan Manuel Perez-Ruiz, Francisco Javier Cejudo, Jose R. Dinneny
Summary: The study reveals the essential role of CYP38-dependent photosynthetic activity in supporting root growth, partly through the synergistic effects of sucrose and auxin.