期刊
TOXINS
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060377
关键词
endocytosis; intracellular transport; Golgi apparatus; endoplasmic reticulum; membranes; lipids; mass spectrometry
资金
- Norwegian Cancer Society
Protein toxins can pose threats to human health, but they can also be used to create hybrid toxins against cancer cells. Recent research has shown the powerful utility of these toxins in cell biology studies. Advanced mass spectrometry analysis allows for exploration of lipid species' importance in intracellular transport.
Protein toxins secreted by bacteria and found in plants can be threats to human health. However, their extreme toxicity can also be exploited in different ways, e.g., to produce hybrid toxins directed against cancer cells and to study transport mechanisms in cells. Investigations during the last decades have shown how powerful these molecules are as tools in cell biological research. Here, we first present a partly historical overview, with emphasis on Shiga toxin and ricin, of how such toxins have been used to characterize processes and proteins of importance for their trafficking. In the second half of the article, we describe how one can now use toxins to investigate the role of lipid classes for intracellular transport. In recent years, it has become possible to quantify hundreds of lipid species using mass spectrometry analysis. Thus, it is also now possible to explore the importance of lipid species in intracellular transport. The detailed analyses of changes in lipids seen under conditions of inhibited toxin transport reveal previously unknown connections between syntheses of lipid classes and demonstrate the ability of cells to compensate under given conditions.
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