Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeremy Di Domizio, Muhammet F. Gulen, Fanny Saidoune, Vivek V. Thacker, Ahmad Yatim, Kunal Sharma, Theo Nass, Emmanuella Guenova, Martin Schaller, Curdin Conrad, Christine Goepfert, Laurence de Leval, Christophe von Garnier, Sabina Berezowska, Anaelle Dubois, Michel Gilliet, Andrea Ablasser
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism behind aberrant type I interferon responses in COVID-19 through the cGAS-STING pathway and demonstrates its importance in severe cases. By using animal and lung-on-chip models, the study provides insights into host-directed therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
Review
Virology
Fatemeh Sodeifian, Mahsa Nikfarjam, Naghmeh Kian, Kawthar Mohamed, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Research has shown that IFNs have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages, but may cause immunopathology and long-lasting harm in the severe inflammatory phase. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the optimal timing for IFN administration.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dounia Darif, Rajaa Ejghal, Christophe Desterke, Ahmed Outlioua, Ikram Hammi, Meryem Lemrani, Farida Hilali, Fadila Guessous, Younes Zaid, Khadija Akarid
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused devastating impacts globally, with millions of deaths and severe societal and economic consequences. This study investigates the role of interferons (IFNs) in COVID-19 pathophysiology by analyzing the expression of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-lambda in nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The findings suggest that quantification of interferons can serve as valuable biological markers for tracking COVID-19 pathophysiology.
Review
Immunology
Rafaela Pires da Silva, Joao Ismael Budelon Goncalves, Rafael Fernandes Zanin, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
Summary: Current studies on COVID-19 and type I interferons (IFN-I) show that IFN-I levels are elevated in mild cases but also in severe cases, suggesting that IFN-alpha cannot be used as a marker of severity in COVID-19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dora Bencze, Tunde Fekete, Kitti Pazmandi
Summary: In COVID-19, the dysregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and type I interferons (IFN) is associated with severe coronavirus infection. Decreased pDC numbers and delayed or inadequate type I IFN responses increase the risk of severe COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Mirko Scordio, Federica Frasca, Letizia Santinelli, Leonardo Sorrentino, Alessandra Pierangeli, Ombretta Turriziani, Claudio M. Mastroianni, Guido Antonelli, Raphael P. Viscidi, Gabriella d'Ettorre, Carolina Scagnolari
Summary: The presence of anti-IFN neutralizing antibodies is reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients, particularly those co-infected with HIV-1. These antibodies may contribute to the severity of the disease by reducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yu Zuo, Mark Warnock, Alyssa Harbaugh, Srilakshmi Yalavarthi, Kelsey Gockman, Melanie Zuo, Jacqueline A. Madison, Jason S. Knight, Yogendra Kanthi, Daniel A. Lawrence
Summary: COVID-19 patients have elevated levels of tPA and PAI-1 in plasma, which are correlated with neutrophil counts and respiratory status. Particularly high levels of tPA are strongly associated with mortality and enhanced fibrinolysis, suggesting a subset of patients may have a favorable balance of factors for fibrinolysis. Further investigation into tPA as a biomarker is warranted.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Caroline Ruetsch, Vesna Brglez, Marion Cremoni, Kevin Zorzi, Celine Fernandez, Sonia Boyer-Suavet, Sylvia Benzaken, Elisa Demonchy, Karine Risso, Johan Courjon, Eric Cua, Carole Ichai, Jean Dellamonica, Thierry Passeron, Barbara Seitz-Polski
Summary: The study found significantly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IL1 beta, IL6, IL8, and TNF alpha in the plasma of severe COVID-19 patients, with IL6 levels decreasing during follow-up. Reduced interferons levels post in vitro stimulation in COVID-19 patients were correlated with disease severity.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christian Meisel, Bengisu Akbil, Tim Meyer, Erwin Lankes, Victor M. Corman, Olga Staudacher, Nadine Unterwalder, Uwe Kolsch, Christian Drosten, Marcus A. Mall, Tilmann Kallinich, Dirk Schnabel, Christine Goffinet, Horst von Bernuth
Summary: This study found that patients with APS-1 and preexisting neutralizing autoantibodies against IFN-alpha and IFN-omega developed only mild symptoms of COVID-19 after contracting SARS-CoV-2, without progressing to severe cases. These patients were mostly female and under the age of 26.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Claire S. Whyte, Megan Simpson, Gael B. Morrow, Carol A. Wallace, Alexander J. Mentzer, Julian C. Knight, Susan Shapiro, Nicola Curry, Catherine N. Bagot, Henry Watson, Jamie G. Cooper, Nicola J. Mutch
Summary: This study investigates the dysregulation of the fibrinolytic system in COVID-19 disease and finds that elevated levels of PAI-1 suppress plasmin generation, leading to suboptimal fibrinolysis. These findings have important implications for the treatment and prognostic potential of COVID-19 disease.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bengisu Akbil, Tim Meyer, Paula Stubbemann, Charlotte Thibeault, Olga Staudacher, Daniela Niemeyer, Jenny Jansen, Barbara Muehlemann, Jan Doehn, Christoph Tabeling, Christian Nusshag, Cedric Hirzel, David Soekler Sanchez, Alexandra Nieters, Achim Lother, Daniel Duerschmied, Nils Schallner, Jan Nikolaus Lieberum, Dietrich August, Siegbert Rieg, Valeria Falcone, Hartmut Hengel, Uwe Koelsch, Nadine Unterwalder, Ralf-Harto Huebner, Terry C. Jones, Norbert Suttorp, Christian Drosten, Klaus Warnatz, Thibaud Spinetti, Joerg C. Schefold, Thomas Doerner, Leif Erik Sander, Victor M. Corman, Uta Merle, Florian Kurth, Horst von Bernuth, Christian Meisel, Christine Goffinet
Summary: 6-19% of critically ill COVID-19 patients carry auto-antibodies against type I interferons (IFN-AABs), which may serve as early biomarkers for severe COVID-19. This study establishes a clinically applicable strategy for identifying IFN-AAB-positive patients and providing targeted therapies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hojun Choi, Eui-Cheol Shin
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, may progress severely due to dysregulation of host IFN responses, but the exact role of IFNs in COVID-19 needs further investigation. Clinical studies are exploring the potential of type I and III IFNs in treating COVID-19.
YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Letter
Respiratory System
Rajani Ghale, Natasha Spottiswoode, Mark S. S. Anderson, Anthea Mitchell, Grace Wang, Carolyn S. S. Calfee, Joseph L. L. DeRisi, Charles R. R. Langelier
Summary: Auto-antibodies to type I interferons are uncommon in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure due to causes other than COVID-19. These auto-antibodies are associated with different clinical presentations and are rarely found in patients with viral infections.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos, Jonatas Bussador do Amaral, Carolina Nunes Franca, Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro, Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva, Sandra Kalil, Edison Luiz Durigon, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Silvia Sanches Rodrigues, Debora Heller, Eliane Aparecida Rosseto Welter, Joao Renato Rebello Pinho, Rodolfo P. Vieira, Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi
Summary: This study investigated the mucosal immune response of mild/moderate symptom COVID-19 patients' upper airway two months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared it with a control group of non-COVID-19 healthy individuals. The results showed that individuals with SIgA had higher levels of various cytokines, indicating the importance of immune response in maintaining mucosal immunity in COVID-19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jean-Laurent Casanova, Mark S. Anderson
Summary: Since 2003, rare inborn errors of human type I IFN immunity have been discovered, each underlying severe viral illnesses. In 2006, autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs due to rare inborn errors of autoimmune regulator (AIRE)-driven T cell tolerance were discovered, but not initially linked to any viral disease. These two lines of clinical investigation converged in 2020, revealing that deficiencies of type I IFN immunity accounted for a significant percentage of critical COVID-19 cases in unvaccinated individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dandan Wu, Xuexian O. Yang
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Wenxiao Zheng, Zhenrong Ma, Xi Sun, Yehong Huang, Bin Lu, Xiaogang Chen, Xiang Xue, Xuexian Yang, Xiang Wu
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kunlun Yin, Jordan Lee, Zhaoli Liu, Hyeoncheol Kim, David R. Martin, Dandan Wu, Meilian Liu, Xiang Xue
Summary: Research has shown that the mitochondria protein PINK1 suppresses colon tumor growth by metabolic reprogramming and reducing acetyl-CoA production. PINK1 overexpression promotes mitophagy, decreases glycolysis, and increases mitochondrial respiration, while PINK1 deletion leads to decreased apoptosis, increased glycolysis, and reduced mitochondrial respiration.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Peter Simons, Yan Guo, Virginie Bondu, Susan L. Tigert, Michelle Harkins, Samuel Goodfellow, Cana Tompkins, Devon Chabot-Richards, Xuexian O. Yang, Laura Gonzalez Bosc, Steven Bradfute, Daniel A. Lawrence, Tione Buranda
Summary: Pathogenic New World orthohantaviruses can cause hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in humans, with high levels of inflammatory mediators present in patients. A study analyzing immune responses in HCPS cases due to Sin Nombre orthohantavirus found significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and PAI-1 in end-stage cases, with total uPA higher in decedents compared to survivors. Bacterial co-infection may influence the etiology and outcome of immune response, with a robust proinflammatory immune response correlated with dysregulated inflammation and mortality in some cases.
Article
Cell Biology
Xinxin Chi, Wei Jin, Xue Bai, Xiaohong Zhao, Jing Shao, Jiaqi Li, Qinli Sun, Bing Su, Xiaohu Wang, Xuexian O. Yang, Chen Dong
Summary: The study found that RORα is highly expressed in active UC patients, especially in those non-responsive to anti-TNF treatment. RORα plays a crucial role in promoting IBD development in CD4(+) T cells by regulating T cell infiltration, inhibiting T cell apoptosis, and promoting mTORC1 activation. This indicates that the RORα-mTORC1 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for human patients with IBD.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mia J. Coleman, Kourtney M. Zimmerly, Xuexian O. Yang
Summary: The severity of COVID-19 infection is related to various risk factors, including age and underlying conditions, such as the increase of CD28(null) cells which may worsen the disease and predispose patients to the impact of COVID-19. Possible treatment methods need to be considered for patients with high counts of CD28(null) senescent T-cells.
Article
Cell Biology
Chunqing Wang, Xing Zhang, Liping Luo, Yan Luo, Dandan Wu, Dianna Spilca, Que Le, Xin Yang, Katelyn Alvarez, William Curtis Hines, Xuexian O. Yang, Meilian Liu
Summary: The lack of COX-2 in adipocytes promotes white adipose tissue development and increases the size and number of adipocytes, leading to obesity and insulin resistance. Treatment with PGE2 can reverse the increased size and number of adipocytes caused by COX-2 knockout.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chunqing Wang, Xing Zhang, Liping Luo, Yan Luo, Xin Yang, Xiaofeng Ding, Lu Wang, Huyen Le, Lily Elizabeth R. Feldman, Xuebo Men, Cen Yan, Wendong Huang, Yingmei Feng, Feng Liu, Xuexian O. Yang, Meilian Liu
Summary: The intermittent fasting (IF) diet has been found to have significant benefits for diabetes prevention, but the specific mechanisms underlying its effects are not well understood. This study shows that COX-2 expression is suppressed in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese humans and is upregulated in the WAT of obese mice when subjected to IF. Depletion of COX-2 in adipocytes leads to a decrease in the fractions of Tregs and a decrease in the frequency of macrophages in WAT, along with an increase in the abundance of gamma delta T cells. Adipocyte-derived PGE2 promotes Treg proliferation and is essential for the immune and metabolic benefits of IF.
Article
Parasitology
Zhen-Rong Ma, Zhuo-Lin Li, Ni Zhang, Bin Lu, Xuan-Wu Li, Ye-Hong Huang, Dibo Nouhoum, Xian-Shu Liu, Ke-Chun Xiao, Li-Ting Cai, Shao-Rui Xu, Xue-Xian O. Yang, Shuai-Qin Huang, Xiang Wu
Summary: This study found that intervention with Trichinella spiralis could alleviate the severity of ulcerative colitis by inhibiting GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. This provides new insight into the mechanistic study and application of helminths in treating colitis.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Letter
Environmental Sciences
Zhen Rong Ma, Xi Sun, Wen Xiao Zheng, Xuan Wu Li, Ni Zhang, Ye Hong Huang, Bin Lu, Zhuo Lin Li, Di Bo Nouhoum, Xin Ling Yu, Jie Zhou, Hong Zhi Chen, Xue Xian Yang, Xiang Wu
BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lu Wang, Yan Luo, Liping Luo, Dandan Wu, Xiaofeng Ding, Handong Zheng, Haisha Wu, Bilian Liu, Xin Yang, Floyd Silva, Chunqing Wang, Xing Zhang, Xianyun Zheng, Jindong Chen, Jonathan Brigman, Michael Mandell, Zhiguang Zhou, Feng Liu, Xuexian O. Yang, Meilian Liu
Summary: The study demonstrates that AMPK phosphorylation via TAK1 is the activation mechanism of ILC2 in adipose tissue, and adiponectin negatively regulates the function of ILC2 through AMPK-mediated inhibition of IL-33 signaling, thereby suppressing thermogenesis. Adiponectin deficiency increases the proportion and activation of ILC2, leading to upregulation of thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissue.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)