Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan N. Michalski, Bart O. Williams
Summary: This review discusses the development and application of genetically engineered mouse models in musculoskeletal biology research, with a particular focus on tissue-specific gene knockout and the impact of CRISPR/Cas technology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Chen, Wenyu Fu, Huiyun Xu, Chuan-ju Liu
Summary: Glucocorticoid (GC) is commonly used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but its high doses and long-term usage can lead to adverse effects, especially glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). Excessive GCs have harmful effects on bone cells, inhibiting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, enhancing osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis, and promoting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. GCs also disrupt the secretion of bone cells, affecting the process of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kok-Yong Chin, Ben Nett Ng, Muhd Khairik Imran Rostam, Nur Farah Dhaniyah Muhammad Fadzil, Vaishnavi Raman, Farzana Mohamed Yunus, Syed Alhafiz Syed Hashim, Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
Summary: This review provides an overview of osteoporosis, including its biology, epidemiology, and clinical aspects, serving as an updated reference for readers to understand the basics of the disease and take preventive and management actions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yonggang Ma, Di Ran, Xueni Shi, Hongyan Zhao, Zongping Liu
Summary: Cadmium is a widespread environmental contaminant that causes severe bone metabolism disease and dental issues. It affects bone cell and teeth development, leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in cell apoptosis.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lilian I. Plotkin, Natasha Sanz, Lucas R. Brun
Summary: Bone is an important dynamic tissue that influences bone mass and skeletal complications through the activity of bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells. The interaction among bone cells occurs through direct contact and secreted molecules, which can also have effects in other tissues and organs. Bone cell products have been associated with the establishment and progression of diseases, including cancer and muscle weakness.
CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Candide Alioli, Lea Demesmay, Olivier Peyruchaud, Irma Machuca-Gayet
Summary: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural bioactive phospholipid that stimulates cell migration, proliferation, and survival by binding to its receptors. It is mainly produced by autotaxin (ATX), which also serves as a docking molecule for efficient delivery of LPA to cell surface receptors. The ATX/LPA axis plays a crucial role in understanding physiology, pathophysiology, and proposing novel therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhikun Wang, Zhonghan Zhao, Bo Gao, Lingli Zhang
Summary: Exosomes are important substances in the skeletal microenvironment and play a role in bone remodeling by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Studying the role of exosomes in the skeletal microenvironment can provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of bone-related metabolic diseases, and may also improve the bone tumor microenvironment and alleviate drug resistance in patients.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaodi Sun, Yanying Wang, Ke Gu, Qingfu Wang, Jing Yang, Yupu Mao, Huanze Deng, Jian Zhang
Summary: The study demonstrated that osteocyte-derived exosomes may recognize osteoblasts through ephrinA2 protein and inhibit their activity via miR-214-3p transfer, while they could induce osteoclast formation by releasing RANKL. These findings suggest that osteocyte-derived exosomes play a crucial role in regulating osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sooyeon Lee, Benjamin Thilo Krueger, Anita Ignatius, Jan Tuckermann
Summary: Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate bone homeostasis in a cell-type specific manner and disturbance of circadian rhythm by exogenous GCs treatment can hamper bone integrity. GC signaling is also important for fracture healing and rheumatoid arthritis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Bernhardt, Jasmin Skottke, Max von Witzleben, Michael Gelinsky
Summary: In this study, a 3D co-culture model was established with primary human osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, providing preliminary information on the performance of bone graft materials by analyzing the interactions of different cell types. The experiment showed typical morphology and gene expression of various markers in the three cell species, as well as enzyme activities relevant to osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fumiyuki Sasaki, Mikihito Hayashi, Takehito Ono, Tomoki Nakashima
Summary: RANKL is a key mediator of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, regulated by various factors including mechanical forces. Mechanosensing proteins and mechanosignaling proteins on the cell membrane play essential roles in osteoblast differentiation and function through soluble factors.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideki Kitaura, Aseel Marahleh, Fumitoshi Ohori, Takahiro Noguchi, Yasuhiko Nara, Adya Pramusita, Ria Kinjo, Jinghan Ma, Kayoko Kanou, Itaru Mizoguchi
Summary: TNF-alpha is a cytokine expressed by immune cells and is involved in host defense and bone-related cell functions. This review summarizes current research on the interaction between TNF-alpha and its receptors in bone cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriel Bassan Marinho Maciel, Roberto Marinho Maciel, Cristiane Cademartori Danesi
Summary: This work summarizes the characteristics of bone cells involved in physiological bone remodeling. Remodeling is a distinct process from modeling, and it allows the renewal of old or damaged bone tissue to maintain bone fracture resistance and calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. The role of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and bone lining cells in bone remodeling is addressed, and the regulation of bone remodeling through hormones and growth factors is discussed. Understanding physiological bone remodeling is essential for studying bone-related pathologies and developing new therapies.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Catherine L. Omosule, Charlotte L. Phillips
Summary: Myostatin plays a crucial role in muscle morphology and function, cellular differentiation and metabolism, as well as bone integrity and bone cell biology, impacting the pathophysiology of various human diseases. Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin shows promise in improving muscle and bone properties in diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in the future. However, challenges remain in the translational application of myostatin inhibition in diseases with significant neuromuscular wasting and atrophy, necessitating further exploration and research.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Akira Miyama, Kosuke Ebina, Makoto Hirao, Gensuke Okamura, Yuki Etani, Kenji Takami, Atsushi Goshima, Taihei Miura, Shohei Oyama, Takashi Kanamoto, Hideki Yoshikawa, Ken Nakata
Summary: The study demonstrated that IGU significantly suppressed dexamethasone-induced increase in osteoclasts and bone resorption activity by inhibiting the RANK/TRAF6/NF kappa B-p52 pathway. IGU also upregulated dexamethasone-induced downregulation of ALP activity and bone mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells, as well as gene expressions in MLO-Y4 cells. These findings suggest that IGU may improve glucocorticoid-induced disorder of bone metabolism and show positive effects against GIOP associated with RA.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jennifer Zieba, Elda Munivez, Alexis Castellon, Ming-Ming Jiang, Brian Dawson, Catherine G. Ambrose, Brendan Lee
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Renata Mendonca Moraes, Florent Elefteriou, Ana Lia Anbinder
Summary: This study showed that stimulation of beta AR in mandibular tissues did not induce angiogenesis, unlike in long bones, indicating a differential response to beta AR agonists between mandibular and tibial tissues.
Review
Oncology
Maria-Bernadette Madel, Florent Elefteriou
Summary: Bone is a common site for breast cancer metastasis, impacting patient survival and quality of life, with the interaction between sympathetic nerves and bone cells influencing this process. Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in stromal bone cells promotes the establishment of disseminated cancer cells in the skeleton.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Y. Lawson, Nicole Migotsky, Christopher J. Chermside-Scabbo, John T. Shuster, Kyu Sang Joeng, Roberto Civitelli, Brendan Lee, Matthew J. Silva
Summary: Mechanical loading stimulates bone formation, and the Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the skeletal response to loading. Specifically, Wnt1 mediates the mechano-adaptive response to loading.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rafay Ahmed, Sasidhar Uppuganti, Shrey Derasari, Joshua Meyer, Jacquelyn S. Pennings, Florent Elefteriou, Jeffry S. Nyman
Summary: This study assessed the ability of matrix-sensitive techniques to differentiate between NF1 mice and wild-type mice. The results showed that low bound water and cortical volumetric bone mineral density were the most accurate characteristics for distinguishing between the two genotypes in femurs, while cyclic reference point indentation tests' average unloading slope was the most sensitive in differentiating tibias. These findings provide guidance for the clinical trials of NF1.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Merle Stein, Florent Elefteriou, Bjorn Busse, Imke A. K. Fiedler, Ronald Young Kwon, Eric Farrell, Mubashir Ahmad, Anita Ignatius, Liam Grover, Liesbet Geris, Jan Tuckermann
Summary: Major achievements in bone research have relied on animal models and in vitro systems. However, the ethical debate surrounding animal experimentation and advancements in in vitro and in silico techniques have challenged their use. This review provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of animal models, as well as in vitro and in silico technologies, in skeletal research. The authors propose that a combination of the right animal model and state-of-the-art technology is essential for advancing bone research.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
E. Michael Lewiecki, Teresita Bellido, John P. Bilezikian, Jacques P. Brown, Azeez Farooki, Christopher S. Kovacs, Brendan Lee, William D. Leslie, Michael R. McClung, Mark L. Prasarn, Deborah E. Sellmeyer
Summary: The 23rd annual Santa Fe Bone Symposium brought together attendees from various states and countries to discuss topics related to osteoporosis and other bone diseases. The event included plenary presentations, panel discussions, workshops, and oral presentations of research abstracts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL DENSITOMETRY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rafay Ahmed, Sasidhar Uppuganti, Florent Elefteriou, Jeffry Nyman
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rafay Ahmed, Sasidhar Uppuganti, Florent Elefteriou, Jeffry Nyman
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yangjin Bae, Huan-Chang Zeng, Yi-Ting Chen, Shamika Ketkar, Elda Munivez, Zhiyin Yu, Francis H. Gannon, Brendan H. Lee
Summary: miR-34c plays a tumor suppressive role in osteosarcoma progression by inhibiting proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, as well as regulating the transcription of genes in Notch signaling and p53-mediated cell cycle and apoptosis.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Damian Rauch, Marie-Eve Robinson, Cristian Seiltgens, V. Reid Sutton, Brendan Lee, Francis Glorieux, Frank Rauch