期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168870
关键词
gut-brain axis; IBD; MS; PD; ex vivo organ models
资金
- Bavarian Ministry of Science and the Arts
- German Research Foundation, DFG [WI 3567/2-1, 270949263/GRK2162, SPP1656, TRR241 (A02), FOR 2886 (A02), TRR305 (B08), DFG GU 1431/5-1]
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the University Erlangen-Nurnberg [E30, A75, P056, P068, N5, N7]
- German Research Foundation (Heisenberg fellowship, DFG) [RO4866-3/1, RO4866-4/1, SFB TRR274]
- European Research Council (ERC) Starting grant - European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program [851693 HICI]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [E30] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system driven by various signals, with evidence suggesting its role in linking gastrointestinal and neurological diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have been linked to central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, and changes in the intestinal environment have also been associated with neurological disorders. The identification of human-specific preclinical models is expected to help in uncovering disease mechanisms and modulating the function of this complex system.
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system driven by neural, hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Signaling events from the gut can modulate brain function and recent evidence suggests that the gut-brain axis may play a pivotal role in linking gastrointestinal and neurological diseases. Accordingly, accumulating evidence has suggested a link between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and neurodegenerative, as well as neuroinflammatory diseases. In this context, clinical, epidemiological and experimental data have demonstrated that IBD predisposes a person to pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, a number of neurological disorders are associated with changes in the intestinal environment, which are indicative for disease-mediated gut-brain inter-organ communication. Although this axis was identified more than 20 years ago, the sequence of events and underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. The emergence of precision medicine has uncovered the need to take into account non-intestinal symptoms in the context of IBD that could offer the opportunity to tailor therapies to individual patients. The aim of this review is to highlight recent findings supporting the clinical and biological link between the gut and brain, as well as its clinical significance for IBD as well as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Finally, we focus on novel human-specific preclinical models that will help uncover disease mechanisms to better understand and modulate the function of this complex system.
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