Disinfection of urines using an electro-ozonizer

In this work, the disinfection of urines polluted with Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K. pneumoniae) using a commercial electro-ozonizer is described. The device consists of a membrane-electrode assembly flow cell that specially promotes the electrochemical generation of ozone. Results show that a complete disinfection is attained in less than 180 min when working at current intensities higher than 0.5 A. The higher the current intensity, the higher the disinfection rate. Furthermore, the use of an electro-ozonizer for treating diluted urines leads to higher disinfection efficiencies. Ozone and chlorine-based disinfectants (hypochlorite and chloramines) were identified as the main oxidant species involved in killing bacteria. The combined effect of all disinfectants promotes higher removal efficiencies in comparison with the single effect of ozone evaluated in a urine matrix without chlorides, being more remarkable at lower current intensities. The crystal violet assay showed that cell wall is damaged by the electrogenerated oxidants and it is more remarkable by the combined effect of ozone and chlorine disinfectants when increasing the current intensity. Finally, the degradation of total proteins and genetic material (DNA) were also monitored and related to the oxidants produced during the electrochemical process. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates that complete disinfection of urines polluted with Klebsiella pneumoniae can be achieved in less than 180 minutes by using a commercial electro-ozonizer at current intensities higher than 0.5 A. The combination of ozone and chlorine-based disinfectants leads to higher removal efficiencies in comparison with ozone alone, especially at lower current intensities. Damage to cell walls by electrogenerated oxidants, as well as degradation of total proteins and DNA, are observed during the electrochemical process.