期刊
DEVELOPMENT
卷 148, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dev.197244
关键词
Irx; Cartilage; Craniofacial skeleton; Fin; Zebrafish
资金
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [R35 DE027550]
- Helen Hay Whitney Foundation fellowship
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Hanna H. Gray Program
Irx genes play crucial roles in vertebrate skeletal development, with conserved requirements for shoulder blade formation, anterior neural crest precursors, and gill cartilages. Loss of Irx gene clusters leads to joint loss and cartilage fusions through inappropriate chondrogenesis, revealing diverse roles in the formation and segmentation of the facial skeleton.
Proper function of the vertebrate skeleton requires the development of distinct articulating embryonic cartilages. Irx transcription factors are arranged in co-regulated clusters that are expressed in the developing skeletons of the face and appendages. IrxB cluster genes are required for the separation of toes in mice and formation of the hyoid joint in zebrafish, yet whether Irx genes have broader roles in skeletal development remains unclear. Here, we perform a comprehensive loss-of-function analysis of all 11 Irx genes in zebrafish. We uncover conserved requirements for IrxB genes in formation of the fish and mouse scapula. In the face, we find a requirement for IrxAb genes and irx7 in formation of anterior neural crest precursors of the jaw, and for IrxBa genes in formation of endodermal pouches and gill cartilages. We also observe extensive joint loss and cartilage fusions in animals with combinatorial losses of Irx clusters, with in vivo imaging revealing that at least some of these fusions arise through inappropriate chondrogenesis. Our analysis reveals diverse roles for Irx genes in the formation and later segmentation of the facial skeleton.
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