Article
Materials Science, Composites
Mahoor Mehdikhani, Christian Breite, Yentl Swolfs, Jeroen Soete, Martine Wevers, Stepan V. Lomov, Larissa Gorbatikh
Summary: This study explores the potential of Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) in detecting and characterizing damage in fiber-reinforced composites using in-situ X-ray Computed Tomography. Through preliminary analysis of digital deformation images and real-deformation images acquired during in-situ tensile loading, DVC proves to be a promising tool for quantification of deformation and damage at both mesoscale and microscale levels. Damage mechanisms in fiber-reinforced composites are successfully detected and characterized using DVC, showing the limitations of traditional methods like grayscale thresholding.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sooyoung Lee, Chaeyoung Hong, Wooseok Ji
Summary: The influence of fiber orientation and its distribution on the mechanical behavior of a short fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite is studied through in situ tensile tests and synchrotron X-ray tomography. It is found that the global strain fields are relatively uniform, but the internal strain fields are locally non-uniform due to the complex reinforcement architecture. The orientation and volume fraction of fibers are correlated with the strain field. The study reveals that the initially-determined fiber orientation is crucial to the locally anisotropic mechanical behavior of the material even under large deformation.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Khairul Izwan Ismail, Rayson Pang, Rehan Ahmed, Tze Chuen Yap
Summary: A novel approach of embedding glass fibers into 3D printed objects during the printing process has been proposed. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of the fiber-reinforced composites is higher than the neat material, but decreases when the fiber content is too high. Furthermore, the new fiber embedding method improves the intralayer bond and reduces the porosity of the printed samples.
Article
Mechanics
Ruijian Sun, Tao Zheng, Yudi Yao, Danyuan Li, Huiliu Si, Licheng Guo
Summary: A comprehensive experimental method combining microscope observation, multiscale digital image correlation (DIC), and in situ computed tomography (CT) is proposed in this study to investigate the complex damage evolution of 3D woven composites under short beam shear (SBS) loading. The surface damage process and the final damage mode of the specimen are observed using a microscope, and the causes of fiber kinking are explained. Multi-scale DIC is utilized to obtain global and local strain distributions on the specimen surface, providing explanations for the occurrences of weft yarn transverse cracks and interface debonding. Additionally, in situ CT experiment is carried out to identify the reasons for the nonlinear segments of the load-displacement curve and the decline of load bearing capacity of the specimen in the late stage of the experiment. The information obtained from different observation methods is complementary, aiding in the understanding of the complex damage mechanism of 3D woven composites.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Pengxiang Ge, Huanqing Wang, Yin Hu, Yonghong Wang
Summary: A novel mirror-assisted binocular stereo DIC system is proposed for the reconstruction of the object's overall contour, thickness, and strain measurement. Experimental results show that the system has a relatively ideal reconstruction effect and provides more valid data.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Yu-Tong Fu, Jia Li, Fang-Liang Guo, Yuan-Qing Li, Shao-Yun Fu
Summary: The 3D printed short carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (SCFRTP) composites with varying carbon fiber contents were prepared and characterized using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as the matrix. The probability density distributions of carbon fibers and micro-void defects were calculated. The micro influencing factors on the tensile properties of the 3D printed SCFRTP composites were studied. This paper provides experimental data for the analysis and design of 3D printed SCFRTP composites.
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ping Cheng, Kui Wang, Xuanzhen Chen, Jin Wang, Yong Peng, Said Ahzi, Chao Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties and interfacial analysis of 3D printed continuous vegetal fiber reinforced biomass based composites. The results showed that the mechanical behaviors of the biocomposites were influenced by the interfacial properties between deposited layers and between fiber/matrix interfaces. By controlling the printing parameters, significant microstructure changes were observed in the biocomposites, leading to the highest tensile strength found at specific printing conditions.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Can Tang, Junwei Liu, Wenfeng Hao, Yuanyuan Wei
Summary: Research was conducted on several types of lattice-reinforced cementitious composites, and it was found that graded lattice structures can enhance the maximum bending capacity of cement-based materials compared to uniform lattice structures. The graded lattice structures also improve their cracking characteristics and failure modes, while reducing the amount of required material.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
John Holmes, Silvano Sommacal, Zbigniew Stachurski, Raj Das, Paul Compston
Summary: The study combined DIC with mu CT and DVC to assess the deformation and damage of woven composites, showing that differences in loading direction and fiber waviness cause significant differences in surface topography, strain, and internal out-of-plane deformation. The techniques were effective for characterizing woven composite deformation and have potential for improving finite element simulations in the future.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Qiang Wang, Jinlong Jia, Yue Zhao, Aiping Wu
Summary: This paper focuses on the in situ measurement of full-field deformation in arc-based directed energy deposition process using digital image correlation (DIC) technology. The evaluation of measurement qualities includes system error, speckle pattern, influence of arc light, and comparison between 2D-DIC and 3D-DIC. The results show that the measured deformation has a relative system error of no more than 0.12% within a total deformation of 12 mm. Both artificial and natural speckles are suitable for 2D-DIC, but only artificial speckles can be used for 3D-DIC.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Lingtao Mao, Haizhou Liu, Yuwei Wang, Leilei Ding, Yang Ju, Fu-Pen Chiang
Summary: By introducing the inverse compositional Gauss-Newton algorithm into DVSP, this study improved the accuracy of displacement and strain measurements in rocks. The algorithm was tested with different-sized granules to simulate sandstone mesostructure, showing a performance approximately three times better than DVSP alone. Its application to red sandstone experiments depicted the interior deformation characteristics, clarifying the rock material's failure mechanism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Stefan B. Lindstrom, Hannes Wemming, Zlatan Kapidzic, Mohamed S. Loukil, Mikael Segersall
Summary: In this study, the in-plane, linear-elastic material parameters of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates are identified using integrated digital image correlation (IDIC) method with gradient-free optimization. A monolithic least-squares problem is formulated based on the video capture of a tension/compression test, where the material parameters are treated as unknowns. The use of holeplate specimens induces transverse deformations, allowing for the identification of all parameters with one tensile test. Furthermore, we demonstrate the enhanced robustness of IDIC characterization by employing an invariant-based CFRP model parameterized by the Tsai modulus.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Jiajian Li, Shuai Cao, Weidong Song
Summary: This paper aims to improve the bending properties of cementitious backfill composites (CBC) using a 3D printed polymer lattice (3DPPL). The study found that 3D-PPL reinforced CBC exhibited good ductility and could convert CBC from single crack failure to multiple crack failure. By selecting suitable structural units and materials, the bending performance of CBC could be further improved.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Behrooz Dadmand, Hamed Sadaghian, Sahand Khalilzadehtabrizi, Masoud Pourbaba, Milad Shirdel, Amir Mirmiran
Summary: The compressive, tensile, and flexural properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPFRC) specimens were investigated. Different combinations of micro and macro steel fibers, as well as polypropylene fibers, were used. Various types of specimens were tested, and digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to measure the displacement and deflection values. The results showed that the hybrid combination of micro and macro steel fibers exhibited the best performance, and the DIC method was effective in capturing the displacement and deflection values. Additionally, numerical simulations and inverse analysis approaches provided a better understanding of the governing parameters and successfully predicted the experimental results.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Lingtao Mao, Haizhou Liu, Yu Lei, Jingcheng Wu, Yang Ju, Fu-Pen Chiang
Summary: The study compares the accuracy and precision of subset-based L-DVC and finite-element-based G-DVC approaches for five rocks, discussing the two important factors affecting accuracy, namely element/subset size and microstructure. The results show that performance of G-DVC is better than that of L-DVC, albeit at the expense of computational efficiency, especially for smaller subset sizes. An indentation test on red sandstone further demonstrates the feasibility of the two methods. This study aims to supplement the lack of research on the two DVC approaches for rocks and provides a reference for subsequent related research.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Mallika S. Sarma, Cara J. Ocobock, Sarah Martin, Shannon Rochelle, Brendan P. Croom, Lee T. Gettler
Summary: The study examined changes in body weight, body fat, and muscle mass of 75 healthy individuals during a 3-month expedition in the American Rockies, finding differences in energy expenditure and body composition changes between males and females.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Kaifeng Wang, Xue Wang, Miran Yi, Yang Li, Jingjing Li
Summary: This paper proposes a netlike energy director made of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites for ultrasonic welding. The research finds that using netlike energy directors can accelerate the welding process and improve joint quality. However, an increase in the thickness of the netlike energy director leads to a decrease in the maximum shear load.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Nannan Chen, Hongliang Wang, Jingjing Li, Vic Liu, James Schroth
Summary: In this study, dissimilar materials of copper and aluminum were joined using resistance spot welding with nickel-phosphorus coatings. The effects of different welding schedules on the interfacial microstructure were investigated. It was found that a moderate heat input can help reduce gaps and inhibit the formation of voids.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Industrial
A. T. Clare, R. S. Mishra, M. Merklein, H. Tan, I. Todd, L. Chechik, J. Li, M. Bambach
Summary: The authors provide a comprehensive insight into the mechanics of additive manufacturing process, discussing how thermodynamics affect microstructure and properties. They also analyze the impact of processing conditions and traditional casting methods on modifying solidification microstructure, as well as discuss the material types and alloy families in powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Zhe Gao, Haris Ali Khan, Jingjing Li, Weihong (Grace) Guo
Summary: This research develops a hybrid quality monitoring model to predict the quality of friction stir blind riveting (FSBR) joints by combining data-driven and key engineering parameters. The model is formulated using in situ processing and joint property data, and its efficacy is confirmed through joint cross-sectional analysis and lap shear tests.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Brendan P. Croom, Michael Berkson, Robert K. Mueller, Michael Presley, Steven Storck
Summary: In this study, a deep learning approach is used to predict the elastic stress fields in defect-containing metal microstructures. The trained U-Net model showed higher accuracy and generalizability, providing an efficient way to predict the structural response of defect-containing AM microstructures.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shun-Li Shang, Hui Sun, Bo Pan, Yi Wang, Adam M. Krajewski, Mihaela Banu, Jingjing Li, Zi-Kui Liu
Summary: In dissimilar aluminum/steel joints, the formation of Al-Fe intermetallic compounds was found to be influenced by processing conditions and chemical composition. The study revealed that high-pressure processes favor the formation of stable, brittle Al5Fe2 and temperature-favored η-Al5Fe2, which have high thermodynamic driving force and fast atomic diffusivity. Additive manufacturing (AM) was identified as a superior process for achieving desired IMCs in dissimilar materials.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Zixuan Wan, Hui-Ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Joshua Solomon, Nannan Chen, Blair Carlson
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of beam oscillation frequency on spatter behavior in remote laser welding of thin-gauge zinc-coated steel. The experimental study shows that using a zigzag beam oscillation can improve weld aesthetics and reduce spatter-induced mass loss. Numerical simulations reveal that a suitable oscillation frequency leads to stable keyhole formation and reduced spatter.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Yaohong Xiao, Zixuan Wan, Pengwei Liu, Zhuo Wang, Jingjing Li, Lei Chen
Summary: This paper provides a quantitative understanding of grain nucleation and growth at the interface of SS316L and IN625 bimetallic structures during directed energy deposition (DED). The main finding is that flow behaviors influence the composition redistribution and liquidus temperature in the mixing zone, leading to different solidification sequences and final grain structures. The results show that the deposition direction affects the epitaxial grain growth and columnar grain prevalence in SS316L and the presence of mixed grain microstructure in IN625.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nannan Chen, Zixuan Wan, Hui-Ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Baixuan Yang, Joshua Solomon, Blair Carlson
Summary: This study aimed to reduce pore generation in laser welding of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg by introducing high pressure. The impact of laser welding parameters and ambient pressure on porosity and weld geometry was investigated. The results showed that porosity ratio increased linearly with laser power or linear energy. The vacuum ambiance enlarged the pores and formed narrow and deep welds. As pressure increased, the porosity ratio decreased significantly, accompanied by a decrease in porosity size and weld penetration depth.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Zixuan Wan, Hui-ping Wang, Jingjing Li, Baixuan Yang, Joshua Solomon, Blair E. Carlson
Summary: This paper investigated the effects of keyhole penetration and full penetration welding modes on laser welding of zinc-coated steel stack-ups with different sheet thickness combinations. The study found that keyhole penetration welding resulted in less spatter and mass loss for stack-ups with similar top and bottom sheet thickness. On the other hand, full penetration mode generated less spatter for stack-ups with thinner top sheets compared to the bottom sheets. In summary, the choice of welding mode should be based on the thickness combination of the stack-up to reduce spatter in laser welding of zinc-coated steel.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Parth Bansal, Zhuoyuan Zheng, Chenhui Shao, Jingjing Li, Mihaela Banu, Blair E. Carlson, Yumeng Li
Summary: In this paper, a physics-informed machine learning based surrogate model is developed for statistical corrosion analysis of dissimilar material joints, focusing on galvanic corrosion between aluminum and iron. It is found that electrolyte conductivity has the largest effects on material loss, emphasizing the need for better corrosion control.
RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Bo Pan, Hui Sun, Shun-Li Shang, Mihaela Banu, Pei-Chung Wang, Blair E. Carlson, Zi-Kui Liu, Jingjing Li
Summary: This research confirmed the formation mechanism of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in Al/steel resistance spot welds and identified the formation of a rare AlFe structure. The study showed that Al13Fe4 first nucleates, followed by the growth of Al5Fe2 with Fe atoms accumulating at the Al13Fe4 grain boundaries. Coarse columnar grains of Al5Fe2 then form and AlFe forms at the interface of Al5Fe2 grains and the ferrite phase. Needle-like Al13Fe4 forms during the cooling process. In the middle and low welding energy regions, only limited Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4 grains are formed at the interface or surrounded by the Al phase.
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nannan Chen, Hongliang Wang, Vic Liu, Bo Pan, Jingjing Li
Summary: A method of resistance micro-welding with amorphous Ni-P coatings and multi-pulse discharging was proposed to fabricate high-quality bonding with a wide operating temperature range while minimizing thermal damage. High-strength and high-conductivity Cu-Cu joints were prepared, with the Ni-P coatings evolving into a purified faying interface dominated by Ni-alloy crystals. This method enabled joints to work at low and high temperatures, with superior mechanical and electrical properties.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. Getto, R. J. Santucci Jr, J. Gibbs, R. Link, E. Retzlaff, B. Baker, M. Koul, B. Croom, T. Montalbano, S. Storck, E. Cimpoiasu, E. Farnan
Summary: A plasma spheroidization treatment was applied to 316L stainless steel powder for additive manufacturing, resulting in slightly improved powder aspect ratio and sphericity and larger size distribution. The treated powder introduced a small fraction of ferrite, but it did not affect the build quality in the printed samples. Porosity areal fraction was generally smaller in the treated powder builds. The normal powder builds had a higher yield strength than treated, but with significantly larger scatter in the 45 degrees and horizontal orientations.
