期刊
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 9, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.645023
关键词
fishmeal; ecosystem; forage fish; South Africa; anchovy
类别
资金
- United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) One Ocean Hub [NE/S008950/1]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program [8862428]
- Leiden Conservation Fellowship
- NERC [NE/S008950/1] Funding Source: UKRI
This article discusses the potential competition between the fishmeal industry and marine predators, as well as the implications of taking away forage fish from the sea to support agriculture. It also explores the idea of more sustainable alternatives to fishmeal and the role of the fishing industry in developing these alternatives.
By supporting the fishmeal industry, are we competing with marine predators? Should we be taking away food from marine predators to subsidize agriculture? If not for human consumption, should forage fish be left in the sea for predators? Are there more sustainable alternatives to fishmeal; can the fishing industry be part of developing these? These are all pressing questions being posed by marine scientists, particularly in the light of the increasing aquaculture industry and associated increasing demand in recent decades for fishmeal and oil to sustain cultured fish. We concisely summarize the global context of marine sourced fishmeal and then use the South African marine ecosystem as a working example. This article draws on research into the trophic role of forage fish in marine ecosystems and ponders whether a reduced demand for fishmeal, given increasing global pressures such as climate change, could benefit marine ecosystems, fisheries on predatory species, and vulnerable marine predators.
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