Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yujung Chang, Junsang Yoo, Junyeop Kim, Yerim Hwang, Gayong Shim, Yu-Kyoung Oh, Jongpil Kim
Summary: The study found that magnetized graphene nanosheets facilitate direct lineage reprogramming of induced dopaminergic neurons, significantly enhancing neuron generation in mouse models of Parkinson's disease and effectively ameliorating PD symptoms.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Youcui Wang, Xiaoqin Zhang, Fenghua Chen, Ning Song, Junxia Xie
Summary: This article summarizes the latest research progress in applying direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons for the treatment of central nervous system diseases, highlighting the advantages and challenges of this approach.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kanae Matsuda-Ito, Taito Matsuda, Kinichi Nakashima
Summary: NeuroD1 expression level plays a crucial role in neuronal reprogramming. Low expression fails to induce neuronal conversion, while elevated expression significantly improves reprogramming efficiency. Even under conditions where NeuroD1 expression is too low to induce effective conversion, combined expression with other RFs facilitates the breaking down of cellular barriers and induces neuronal reprogramming.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Ishimoto, Yukio Kato
Summary: Ergothioneine (ERGO), a natural antioxidant derived from food, has been found to enter brain cells through a specific transporter and play a role in brain function. Oral administration of ERGO has antidepressant effects and improves memory function. ERGO also protects against stress and neuronal injury. In vitro studies suggest that ERGO benefits brain function through antioxidative activity and promotion of neurogenesis and neuronal maturation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdur Rauf, Himani Badoni, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Ahmed Olatunde, Md Mominur Rahman, Sakshi Painuli, Prabhakar Semwal, Polrat Wilairatana, Mohammad S. Mubarak
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and the release of neuroinflammatory markers can lead to the development of various neuronal disorders. Identifying these markers can assist in early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Sheng-Jun Wen, Xi-Min Zheng, Li-Fen Liu, Na-Na Li, Hai-An Mao, Liang Huang, Qiong-Lan Yuan
Summary: This study found that microglia were conducive to neurosphere formation, while astrocytes and mixed glial cells were conducive to neurosphere differentiation. Co-transplantation of neural stem cells and astrocytes showed better improvement of neurological deficits in rat models of ischemic stroke compared to neural stem cell only transplantation.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dayuan Wang, Xiao Gu, Xinyi Ma, Jun Chen, Qizhi Zhang, Zhihua Yu, Juan Li, Meng Hu, Xiaofang Tan, Yuyun Tang, Jianrong Xu, Minjun Xu, Qingxiang Song, Huahua Song, Gan Jiang, Zaiming Tang, Xiaoling Gao, Hongzhuan Chen
Summary: The polyphenol compound a-mangostin can reactivate the immune function of disease-associated microglia by reprogramming their metabolism, enhancing the degradation and phagocytosis of various misfolded proteins. Nanoformulated a-mangostin efficiently delivers the compound to microglia, relieving their reactive status and improving neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease model mice. These findings provide evidence for rejuvenating microglial surveillance and suggest nanoformulated a-mangostin as a potential universal therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Conlan Kreher, Jacob Favret, Malabika Maulik, Daesung Shin
Summary: Lysosomes are cellular organelles containing acidic digestive enzymes with multiple functions, such as removing unnecessary cell parts, repairing damaged cellular membranes, and sensing cellular energy status. Glial cells, non-neuronal cells in the nervous system, play an active role in maintaining homeostasis for neurons through lysosomal pathways, affecting the physiology of neighboring neurons.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Luise Schlotterose, Francois Cossais, Ralph Lucius, Kirsten Hattermann
Summary: Neuroinflammation is both a cause and an effect of neurodegenerative disorders. Activation of astrocytes and microglia leads to the release of cytokines and reactive oxygen species, causing blood-brain barrier leakage and neurotoxicity. This study focuses on cytokine-induced neuroinflammation in human microglia and astrocytes, and demonstrates how resveratrol can inhibit proinflammatory activation and promote returning to resting conditions. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and potential treatment options.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yantao Ma, Handan Xie, Xiaomin Du, Lipeng Wang, Xueqin Jin, Qianqian Zhang, Yawen Han, Shicheng Sun, Longteng Wang, Xiang Li, Changjiang Zhang, Mengdi Wang, Cheng Li, Jun Xu, Zhuo Huang, Xiaoqun Wang, Zhen Chai, Hongkui Deng
Summary: This study demonstrates that small molecules can reprogram astrocytes into neurons in the adult mouse brain. The in situ chemically induced neurons show similarities to endogenous neurons in terms of marker expression, electrophysiological properties, and synaptic connectivity, providing a potential approach for developing neuronal replacement therapies.
Review
Neurosciences
Diego R. Perez-Rodriguez, Idoia Blanco-Luquin, Maite Mendioroz
Summary: This review discusses the important role of microglia in adult neurogenesis, revealing that specific pools of microglia are determinant cells in generating new neurons at different stages. It enriches our understanding of how cells cooperate to fine tune brain organization and sheds light on distinct neuronal pathologies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoyu Song, Wanfu Wu, Margaret Warner, Jan-Ake Gustafsson
Summary: This review discusses the role of liver X receptors (LXRs) in glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). LXRs regulate genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, inflammatory responses, and glutamate homeostasis. Studies on LXR knockout mice have shown that LXR beta is crucial for the health of various types of neurons in both CNS and peripheral nervous system. LXRs are also important for cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Despite the neurological deficits observed in LXR-deficient rodents, defective LXR signaling has only been identified in multiple sclerosis among human neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting LXRs in glial cells may hold potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders caused by abnormal neuronal migration during development.
Review
Cell Biology
Yue Wang, Kristin Hartmann, Edda Thies, Behnam Mohammadi, Hermann Altmeppen, Diego Sepulveda-Falla, Markus Glatzel, Susanne Krasemann
Summary: Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its disease-associated isoform PrPSc. The activation of microglia is a common pathological feature in prion diseases, but its role is still not fully understood.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kathryn M. Kim, Mentor Thaqi, Daniel A. Peterson, Robert A. Marr
Summary: Cellular direct reprogramming offers advantages over induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming, with a focus on modeling neurological diseases and exploring potential treatments. Various somatic cell types have shown promise in being reprogrammed into induced neurons, indicating the potential for subtype-specific production and therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Hao Qian, Xiang-Dong Fu
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive neural loss, pose significant challenges in aging societies. Current treatment strategies have limited impact on disease progression, but new approaches suggest that replenishing neurons and harnessing the brain's plasticity may reverse the disease phenotype.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 55
(2021)
