Coronavirus entry: how we arrived at SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis

(2021) Armin Bayati et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Hydroxychloroquine-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry is attenuated by TMPRSS2

(2021) Tianling Ou et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Proteolytic Activation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike at the S1/S2 Boundary: Potential Role of Proteases beyond Furin

(2021) Tiffany Tang et al.   ACS Infectious Diseases

Another Decade, Another Coronavirus

(2020) Stanley Perlman   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses

(2020) Michael Letko et al.   Nature Microbiology

The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade

(2020) B. Coutard et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Reveals an Evolutionary Distinct and Proteolytically Sensitive Activation Loop

(2020) Javier A. Jaimes et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Jian Shang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells

(2020) Shutoku Matsuyama et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV

(2020) Xiuyuan Ou et al.   Nature Communications

TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes

(2020) Ruochen Zang et al.   Science Immunology

Coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism offers a potential target for antiviral development

(2020) Tiffany Tang et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

The Anticoagulant Nafamostat Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 S Protein-Mediated Fusion in a Cell Fusion Assay System and Viral Infection In Vitro in a Cell-Type-Dependent Manner

(2020) Mizuki Yamamoto et al.   Viruses-Basel

LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease

(2020) Stephanie Pfaender et al.   Nature Microbiology

Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates

(2020) Joana Damas et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

De novo design of picomolar SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitors

(2020) Longxing Cao et al.   SCIENCE

Inhibition of Coronavirus Entry In Vitro and Ex Vivo by a Lipid-Conjugated Peptide Derived from the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein HRC Domain

(2020) Victor K. Outlaw et al.   mBio

HCoV-229E spike protein fusion activation by trypsin-like serine proteases is mediated by proteolytic processing in the S2′ region

(2018) Ariane Bonnin et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

The SARS-CoV Fusion Peptide Forms an Extended Bipartite Fusion Platform that Perturbs Membrane Order in a Calcium-Dependent Manner

(2017) Alex L. Lai et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer

(2016) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   NATURE

Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins

(2016) Fang Li   Annual Review of Virology

ATP1A1-Mediated Src Signaling Inhibits Coronavirus Entry into Host Cells

(2015) Christine Burkard et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling via TRIF Contributes to a Protective Innate Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection

(2015) Allison L. Totura et al.   mBio

Interferon induction of IFITM proteins promotes infection by human coronavirus OC43

(2014) X. Zhao et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Coronavirus Cell Entry Occurs through the Endo-/Lysosomal Pathway in a Proteolysis-Dependent Manner

(2014) Christine Burkard et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Single particle assay of coronavirus membrane fusion with proteinaceous receptor-embedded supported bilayers

(2013) Deirdre A. Costello et al.   BIOMATERIALS

TMPRSS2 Activates the Human Coronavirus 229E for Cathepsin-Independent Host Cell Entry and Is Expressed in Viral Target Cells in the Respiratory Epithelium

(2013) S. Bertram et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Ezrin Interacts with the SARS Coronavirus Spike Protein and Restrains Infection at the Entry Stage

(2012) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   PLoS One

Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence

(2012) Taylor Heald-Sargent et al.   Viruses-Basel

Elastase-mediated Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein at Discrete Sites within the S2 Domain

(2010) Sandrine Belouzard et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

A Transmembrane Serine Protease Is Linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor and Activates Virus Entry

(2010) A. Shulla et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Characterization of a Highly Conserved Domain within the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein S2 Domain with Characteristics of a Viral Fusion Peptide

(2009) I. G. Madu et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cleavage of the SARS Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein by Airway Proteases Enhances Virus Entry into Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro

(2009) Yiu-Wing Kam et al.   PLoS One

Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites

(2009) S. Belouzard et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

MyD88 Is Required for Protection from Lethal Infection with a Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV

(2008) Timothy Sheahan et al.   PLoS Pathogens