期刊
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
卷 114, 期 -, 页码 154-167出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.005
关键词
Direct current microgrid; Cascade control; Feed-forward load compensation; Adaptive Kalman filter; Batteries; Ultracapacitors
资金
- Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ) through Optimization of renewable electricity generation systems connected in a microgrid collaborative project [08/40]
- University of Zagreb through the research project Energy management control of drilling rig microgrid [2013-ZUID-2/5.5.2.8]
A control system, design based on an actively-controlled battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system suitable for direct current microgrid energy management purposes is presented in this paper. The proposed cascade control system arrangement is based on the superimposed proportional-integral voltage controller designed according to Damping Optimum criterion and a zero-pole canceling feed-forward load compensator aimed at voltage excursion suppression under variable load conditions. The superimposed controller commands the inner battery and ultracapacitor current control loops through a dynamic current reference distribution scheme, wherein the ultracapacitor takes on the highly-dynamic (transient) current demands, and the battery covers for steady-state loads. In order to avoid deep discharges of the ultracapacitor module, it is equipped with an auxiliary state-of-charge controller. Finally, for those applications where load is not measured, an adaptive Kalman filter-based load compensator is proposed and tested. The presented control strategy has been implemented on the low-cost industrial controller unit, and its effectiveness has been verified by means of simulations and experiments for the cases of abrupt load changes and quasi-stochastic load profiles using a downscaled battery/ultracapacitor hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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