Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yaqun Li, Wenjie Zhao, Jinhua Liu, Zichao Chen, Qingtao Lv, Zhen Zhang
Summary: COVID-19 pneumonia, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has disrupted the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response, leading to a need to neutralize cytokine storm. Current treatments focus on vaccines for prevention and immunomodulatory therapies to alleviate immune imbalance, with antiviral drugs and respiratory support as clinical options.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanni Zarrilli, Valentina Angerilli, Gianluca Businello, Marta Sbaraglia, Giulia Traverso, Francesco Fortarezza, Stefania Rizzo, Monica De Gaspari, Cristina Basso, Fiorella Calabrese, Angelo Paolo Dei Tos, Matteo Fassan
Summary: The histopathologic alterations in COVID-19 patients primarily occur in the lungs and blood vessels, with the highest clinical impact. However, many of the collected morphological data so far are nonspecific, erratic, and possibly associated with other co-existing factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jiayu Zhang, Xuejing Ma, Fuwei Liu, Deju Zhang, Jitao Ling, Zicheng Zhu, Yixuan Chen, Pingping Yang, Yanlin Yang, Xiao Liu, Jing Zhang, Jianping Liu, Peng Yu
Summary: 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with a cytokine storm, characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. Recent studies have shown a higher severity of necrobiosis infection in diabetic patients, as well as higher morbidity and mortality in people with chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Additionally, COVID-19 may result in hyperglycemia in infected individuals. This review explores the potential relationship between NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles in diabetes and COVID-19, and discusses the cellular/molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection activates NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles. Finally, several promising targeted NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle inhibitors are proposed as a basis for clinical management of patients with diabetes combined with noncoronary pneumonia.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cassiano Martin Batista, Leonardo Foti
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared as a pandemic since March 2020. Key measures to prevent transmission include physical distancing, mask-wearing, and hand hygiene. Vaccines are crucial in reducing the impact of the pandemic, but face challenges in production and distribution. Research has highlighted the interaction between the virus protein and the ACE2 receptor, leading to the emergence of nAbs as a therapeutic approach.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Charles Ochieng' Olwal, Nora Nghuchuzie Nganyewo, Kesego Tapela, Alexandra Lindsey Djomkam Zune, Oloche Owoicho, Yaw Bediako, Samuel Duodu
Summary: Sepsis and COVID-19 share many pathophysiological and clinical features, both leading to consumptive thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, respiratory failure, among other complications. Therefore, lessons learned from sepsis care could potentially inform on COVID-19 management.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
Sara Mahdiabadi, Fateme Rajabi, Soheil Tavakolpour, Nima Rezaei
Summary: COVID-19, caused by the novel strain SARS-CoV-2, is a rapidly spreading global threat with diverse clinical manifestations. Understanding the skin lesions and immune system involvement is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY
(2022)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roxanne Khamsi
Summary: Evidence suggests that self-attacking autoantibodies may be crucial in understanding some of the most severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review
Virology
Biying Hu, Shaoying Huang, Lianghong Yin
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic since its emergence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, posing a serious threat to public health. Close contact and respiratory droplets are the main modes of transmission. The cytokine storm is closely associated with disease severity and mortality, emphasizing the importance of studying and treating the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiang-Na Zhao, Yue You, Xiao-Ming Cui, Hui-Xia Gao, Guo-Lin Wang, Sheng-Bo Zhang, Lin Yao, Li-Jun Duan, Ka-Li Zhu, Yu-Ling Wang, Li Li, Jian-Hua Lu, Hai-Bin Wang, Jing-Fang Fan, Huan-Wei Zheng, Er-Hei Dai, Lu-Yi Tian, Mai-Juan Ma
Summary: By comparing the immune responses of asymptomatic and moderate patients, it was found that asymptomatic patients have specific immune characteristics in NK cells and effector T cells, with stronger TCR clonal expansion compared to moderate patients. Moderate patients exhibit varied magnitude and temporal dynamics of ISG expression across multiple cell populations but lower compared to patients with severe disease.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yixin Liu, Xinsheng Zhou, Xuan Liu, Xiaotao Jiang
Summary: The ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has severe impacts with no specific treatment available. Immunotherapy, essential for boosting host immunity and reducing inflammation, has attracted significant attention in the fight against the disease.
EXPERT REVIEWS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qian-Fang Meng, Rui Tian, Haiyi Long, Xianjia Wu, Jialin Lai, Olga Zharkova, Jiong-Wei Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen, Lang Rao
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has had a significant impact on the global economy and daily life. Some patients develop severe symptoms and complications due to a cytokine storm induced by the virus. While neutralizing antibodies targeting inflammatory cytokines show promise, challenges remain in their application, sparking interest in new biomaterials and nanotechnology for potential therapeutic advancements. Researchers are working towards developing novel treatments to effectively manage COVID-19 and other inflammatory diseases.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Job J. Engel, Caspar I. van der Made, Nick Keur, Todia Setiabudiawan, Rutger J. Roering, Georgia Damoraki, Helga Dijkstra, Heidi Lemmers, Sofia Ioannou, Garyfallia Poulakou, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Vinod Kumar, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Mihai G. Netea, Athanasios Ziogas
Summary: Dexamethasone has anti-inflammatory effects in COVID-19 patients by inhibiting cytokine responses and interferon signaling pathways, which is beneficial for patients with severe symptoms but may have adverse effects on those with mild symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali Ismail Al-Gareeb, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Keneth Iceland Kasozi, Gerald Zirintunda, Akhmed Aslam, Mamdouh Allahyani, Susan Christina Welburn, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to respiratory issues and excessive immune response, potentially resulting in multi-organ failure. The use of anti-inflammatory and anti-adrenergic agents can alleviate symptoms and prevent the development of a neural-cytokine loop.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Simin Almasi, Azadeh Rashidi, Manizhe Ataee Kachuee, Bentolhoda Mohammad Shirazi, Shirin Izadi, Sara Ghaffarpour, Mehdi Azimi, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Mahin Jamshidi Makiani, Mitra Ranjbar, Manizheh Goudarzi, Neda Rahimian, Tooba Ghazanfari
Summary: This study found that the administration of tofacitinib combined with other treatments is not effective in treating severe COVID-19 patients, and the use of this medication should be considered before the disease deterioration.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Claude Kwe Yinda, Julia R. Port, Trenton Bushmaker, Irene Offei Owusu, Jyothi N. Purushotham, Victoria A. Avanzato, Robert J. Fischer, Jonathan E. Schulz, Myndi G. Holbrook, Madison J. Hebner, Rebecca Rosenke, Tina Thomas, Andrea Marzi, Sonja M. Best, Emmie de Wit, Carl Shaia, Neeltje van Doremalen, Vincent J. Munster
Summary: The study demonstrates that humanized transgenic mice developed dose-dependent disease when inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, showing upper and lower respiratory tract infection with viral replication also in the brain. The pathological and immunological manifestations observed in these mice resemble human COVID-19, suggesting the model's usefulness in elucidating COVID-19 pathogenesis and testing countermeasures.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Pooja Ratre, Prachi Chauhan, Arpit Bhargava, Rajnarayan Tiwari, Suresh Thareja, Rupesh Kumar Srivastava, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
Summary: Air pollution poses a serious threat to human health, contributing to various chronic diseases. Vitamins, through their effects on the epigenomic landscape, may help mitigate the adverse effects. However, there is a need to improve the clinical utility of vitamins as epigenetic modifiers. This review summarizes the role of vitamins and discusses the importance of nano-engineered vitamins as potential drugs to address the long-term effects of air pollution toxicity.
REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Afreen Rehman, Roshani Kumari, Arunika Kamthan, Rajnarayan Tiwari, Rupesh Kumar Srivastava, Francois H. van der Westhuizen, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
Summary: The exposure to airborne particulate matter is associated with the deterioration of cardiovascular function, which is driven by the impairment of mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk due to aberrant redox signaling. The methylation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a role in the alteration of mitochondrial bioenergetics and transcriptional regulatory processes, particularly in highly metabolic active tissues like the heart. Previous studies have shown that mtDNA methylation has contradictory effects on cardiovascular pathologies related to air pollution, contributing to systemic inflammation and various co-morbidities.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zaffar Azam, Leena Sapra, Kalpana Baghel, Niharika Sinha, Rajesh K. Gupta, Vandana Soni, Chaman Saini, Pradyumna K. Mishra, Rupesh K. Srivastava
Summary: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone density, bone degeneration, and weakened bone strength. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is a traditional medicinal herb that has potential protective effects on bone health. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying its effects on the immune system and bone health have not been fully understood.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Pooja Ratre, Nazim Nazeer, Roshani Kumari, Suresh Thareja, Bulbul Jain, Rajnarayan Tiwari, Arunika Kamthan, Rupesh K. Srivastava, Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
Summary: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose potential risks to humans due to sedentary lifestyles and inaccurate diagnoses. Point-of-care technologies for early NCD detection can significantly reduce the burden and revolutionize clinical intervention and healthcare provision. An imbalance in circulating cell-free microRNAs (ccf-miRNA) has been observed in NCDs, and nanomaterial-based fluorescence nano-biosensors, particularly those using carbon nanodots (CNDs), offer promising solutions for their effective sensing.
Review
Cell Biology
Aleena Anwar, Leena Sapra, Navita Gupta, Rudra P. Ojha, Bhupendra Verma, Rupesh K. Srivastava
Summary: Osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, play crucial roles in bone remodeling and the pathophysiology of various bone-related diseases. Recent research has shown the importance of monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), integrin alpha v beta 3, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Further understanding of these regulatory mechanisms will contribute to the treatment and management of skeletal diseases.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shrabani Saugandhika, Leena Sapra, Kiran Kumari, Rupesh K. Srivastava
Summary: Male reproductive functions and bone health are both adversely affected by a high salt diet. This study investigates the mechanism by which high salt diet affects male fertility by impairing bone health. The results show that a high salt diet alters sperm parameters, increases bone resorption markers, decreases bone formation markers, decreases testosterone levels, and decreases mRNA expression of testosterone biosynthesis enzymes. The decrease in bone formation marker osteocalcin is found to coincide with the decrease in testosterone levels, suggesting a possible mechanism for the impaired male fertility.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Anjali Singh, Kush Kumar Pandey, Shubham Kumar Agrawal, Rupesh K. Srivastava, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Bhupendra Verma
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing pandemic, causing COVID-19. Understanding the interaction between the virus and its host will advance our knowledge of COVID-19 infection mechanism. Research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection or overexpression of the viral genomic RNA's UTRs leads to reduced mRNA levels, potentially affecting host cell pre-mRNA splicing. Additionally, computational analysis indicates that the 5' and 3' UTRs interact with numerous RNA-binding proteins. These findings lay the groundwork for further investigation into UTR-mediated regulation of splicing and related molecular mechanisms in host cells.
ADVANCES IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pradyumna Kumar Mishra, Prasan Kaur
Review
Virology
Shivani Malvankar, Anjali Singh, Y. S. Ravi Kumar, Swetangini Sahu, Megha Shah, Yamini Murghai, Mahendra Seervi, Rupesh K. Srivastava, Bhupendra Verma
Summary: This review describes how SARS-CoV2 infection modulates gene expression by interfering with cellular processes, highlighting the importance of understanding these mechanisms for developing effective antiviral strategies and new therapies to treat SARS-CoV2 infection.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deeksha Madhry, Shivani Malvankar, Sushant Phadnis, Rupesh K. Srivastava, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Bhupendra Verma
Summary: This study focuses on the stress mechanism of host cells during DENV infection. The results suggest that angiogenin, a stress modulator, plays a role in regulating DENV replication. Knockdown of angiogenin inhibits DENV replication, indicating its importance in the pathogenesis of DENV.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rupesh K. Srivastava, Niharika Arora Duggal, Narayanan Parameswaran
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)