Review
Immunology
Weipeng Shi, Jing Zhang, Zhen Shang, Yingze Zhang, Yanzhi Xia, Haitao Fu, Tengbo Yu
Summary: Microglia play a crucial role in the central nervous system by influencing its development, homeostasis, and disease treatments. They have been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases in both humans and animal models, and exhibit different inflammatory responses following brain or spinal cord injury. Depletion of microglia can have both positive and negative effects in the treatment of CNS diseases, and their subsequent repopulation not only treats diseases but also reveals disease mechanisms. Although this field is still in its early stages, microglial repopulation therapy has shown promising results and holds potential therapeutic prospects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric W. Buss, Nicola J. Corbett, Joshua G. Roberts, Natividad Ybarra, Timothy F. Musial, Dina Simkin, Elizabeth Molina-Campos, Kwang-Jin Oh, Lauren L. Nielsen, Gelique D. Ayala, Sheila A. Mullen, Anise K. Farooqi, Gary X. D'Souza, Corinne L. Hill, Linda A. Bean, Annalise E. Rogalsky, Matthew L. Russo, Dani M. Curlik, Marci D. Antion, Craig Weiss, Dane M. Chetkovich, M. Matthew Oh, John F. Disterhoft, Daniel A. Nicholson
Summary: Behaviors relying on the hippocampus are affected by chronological aging, with some aged animals maintaining cognition while others show impairments. Maintenance of synaptic architecture may contribute to cognitive abilities, but redistribution of synaptic weights in the hippocampus CA3 of learning-impaired animals may lead to abnormal firing characteristics.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hanxiao Liu, Mohamed Badawy, Shaoqin Sun, George Cruz, Shaoyu Ge, Qiaojie Xiong
Summary: A decline in stable wakefulness at nighttime and a decrease of microglial processes length in brain regions involved in wake/sleep regulation were observed in aging mice. Restoring microglia repopulation in the aging brain can restore age-related decline in stable wakefulness.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Fatemeh Tahmasebi, Shirin Barati
Summary: Microglia are primary immune cells in the CNS and play crucial roles in protecting the CNS. They originate from yolk sac macrophages and have important functions in maintaining CNS homeostasis. However, in pathological conditions, microglial activation can worsen diseases. Depletion of microglia using genetic tools and pharmacological inhibitors has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative diseases.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
David Graykowski, Eiron Cudaback
Summary: Microglia play a crucial role in immunologic surveillance and response in the central nervous system, as well as in the development and maintenance of neurons and neural networks, and neuroregeneration. Characterizing the key roles of microglia in neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease, is of paramount importance.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jaione Auzmendi-Iriarte, Leire Moreno-Cugnon, Ander Saenz-Antonanzas, Daniela Grassi, Marian M. de Pancorbo, Maria-Angeles Arevalo, Ian C. Wood, Ander Matheu
Summary: The study found that levels of HDACs increase in microglial cells upon induction of senescence in vitro and in mouse and human hippocampal biopsies in vivo. Publicly available datasets showed changes in HDAC expression in different brain areas during physiological aging.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jong Youl Lee, Eun Ae Jeong, Jaewoong Lee, Hyun Joo Shin, So Jeong Lee, Hyeong Seok An, Kyung Eun Kim, Won-Ho Kim, Yong Chul Bae, Heeyoung Kang, Gu Seob Roh
Summary: Age-related microglial activation is associated with cognitive impairment. TonEBP plays important roles in age-related microglial activation and memory deficits. TonEBP haploinsufficiency reduces microglial activation, synaptic pruning, dendritic spine loss, and memory deficits in middle-aged and amyloid beta oligomer-treated mice. Additionally, TonEBP knockdown attenuates migration and phagocytosis in amyloid beta oligomer-treated BV2 cells.
Article
Neurosciences
Hamsanandini Radhakrishnan, Ilana J. Bennett, Craig El Stark
Summary: Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have allowed the non-invasive investigation of the microstructure of gray matter. This study examined whether certain diffusion metrics commonly used in gray matter provide enough additional information to justify the increased acquisition time. The results showed that the integration of these measures improved the predictive power of the models used, suggesting that they may capture independent microstructural information.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ji Yeon Hong, Jae-Jun Ban, Qing-Ling Quan, Ji-Eun Eom, Hee Soon Shin, Jin Ho Chung
Summary: Tomato and lemon extracts can reduce cellular oxidative stress and increase neurogenesis, while the mixture of the two shows synergistic effects in anti-oxidation and hippocampal neurogenesis.
Article
Neurosciences
T. Hinault, S. Baillet, S. M. Courtney
Summary: This study characterizes the time-resolved resting-state magnetoencephalography activity of the hippocampus and subcortical brain regions in healthy young and older individuals. The findings reveal age-related changes in rhythmic and arrhythmic signal strength, with a slowing of neural activity and reduced gamma activity in deeper brain regions. The study also highlights the association between reduced occipito-parietal alpha peak and increased theta-band activity in the hippocampus, which may reflect compensatory processes.
Article
Cell Biology
Adam Krzystyniak, Malgorzata Wesierska, Gregory Petrazzo, Agnieszka Gadecka, Magdalena Dudkowska, Anna Bielak-Zmijewska, Grazyna Mosieniak, Izabela Figiel, Jakub Wlodarczyk, Ewa Sikora
Summary: By conducting experiments on aged rats, it was found that the use of senolytic agents D+Q can improve the learning and memory abilities of aged rats, reduce peripheral inflammation, and regulate the structure of hippocampal neurons and histone modifications. Moreover, the benefits of this treatment are long-lasting, even after the cessation of drug administration.
Article
Immunology
Di Qi, Nichol M. L. Wong, Robin Shao, Idy S. C. Man, Clive H. Y. Wong, Lai Ping Yuen, Chetwyn C. H. Chan, Tatia M. C. Lee
Summary: Qigong exercise has shown positive effects on cognitive abilities and neuro-immune pathways in older individuals, improving processing speed and sustained attention, increasing hippocampal volume, and reducing peripheral IL-6 levels. These findings provide important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial neurocognitive effects of Qigong and suggest implications for early identification and intervention in vulnerable older adults.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Aurelie Bussy, Raihaan Patel, Eric Plitman, Stephanie Tullo, Alyssa Salaciak, Saashi A. Bedford, Sarah Farzin, Marie-Lise Beland, Vanessa Valiquette, Christina Kazazian, Christine L. Tardif, Gabriel A. Devenyi, M. Mallar Chakravarty
Summary: Using advanced techniques and algorithms, this study conducted a detailed analysis of the hippocampus in healthy adults, revealing structural and volumetric differences in different age and gender groups, influenced by cognitive and educational levels.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kai Zhou, Jinming Han, Harald Lund, Nageswara Rao Boggavarapu, Volker M. Lauschke, Shinobu Goto, Huaitao Cheng, Yuyu Wang, Asuka Tachi, Cuicui Xie, Keying Zhu, Ying Sun, Ahmed M. Osman, Dong Liang, Wei Han, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Christer Betsholtz, Xing-Mei Zhang, Changlian Zhu, Martin Enge, Bertrand Joseph, Robert A. Harris, Klas Blomgren
Summary: A subpopulation of microglia lacking genetic modification and showing high CX3CR1 expression was identified in Cx3cr1(CreER-Eyfp/wt) mouse strain. This subpopulation escaped depletion and proliferated extensively after microglial depletion, eventually occupying a large proportion of microglial pool. Additionally, it was demonstrated that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling regulates microglial repopulation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rocio A. Barahona, Samuel Morabito, Vivek Swarup, Kim N. Green
Summary: Microglia play a role in the regulation of perineuronal nets (PNNs) but not in the maintenance of diurnal rhythms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
