Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Simone B. Bayer, Phoebe Heenan, Chris Frampton, Catherine L. Wall, Lynley N. Drummond, Nicole C. Roy, Richard B. Gearry
Summary: Daily consumption of two gold kiwifruit is effective in treating constipation in adults and is equally effective as fiber-matched psyllium.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kajohnsak Noppakun, Tichanun Narongchai, Romanee Chaiwarith, Uraiwan Wongsawad, Surachet Vongsanim, Chidchanok Ruengorn, Surapon Nochaiwong
Summary: In this randomized trial, lactulose was not found to be more effective than sennosides in preventing PD-related peritonitis, and may even increase the risk of bacterial peritonitis. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups, but diarrhea was more common in the lactulose group. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and real-world evidence are needed to confirm these findings and explore strategies for preventing peritonitis among PD patients.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Barbra A. Dickerman, Hanna Gerlovin, Arin L. Madenci, Katherine E. Kurgansky, Brian R. Ferolito, Michael J. Figueroa Muniz, David R. Gagnon, J. Michael Gaziano, Kelly Cho, Juan P. Casas, Miguel A. Hernan
Summary: The mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 showed high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death among nearly 440,000 veterans observed in the study. There was a 21% lower risk of infection with mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b2. The study covered periods when either the alpha or delta variants of the virus were dominant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Richard Gearry, Shin Fukudo, Giovanni Barbara, Barbara Kuhn-Sherlock, Juliet Ansell, Paul Blatchford, Sarah Eady, Alison Wallace, Christine Butts, Cesare Cremon, Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Isabella Pagano, Yohei Okawa, Tomohiko Muratubaki, Tomoko Okamoto, Mikiko Fuda, Yuka Endo, Michiko Kano, Motoyori Kanazawa, Naoki Nakaya, Kumi Nakaya, Lynley Drummond
Summary: This study investigated the effect of consuming green kiwifruit on gastrointestinal function and comfort. The results showed that consuming green kiwifruit significantly increased the number of complete spontaneous bowel movements and improved gastrointestinal comfort in constipated individuals. Therefore, green kiwifruits are a suitable dietary treatment for relieving constipation and associated gastrointestinal discomfort.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Anna Ozaki, Takaomi Kessoku, Kosuke Tanaka, Atsushi Yamamoto, Kota Takahashi, Yuma Takeda, Yuki Kasai, Michihiro Iwaki, Takashi Kobayashi, Tsutomu Yoshihara, Takayuki Kato, Akihiro Suzuki, Yasushi Honda, Yuji Ogawa, Akiko Fuyuki, Kento Imajo, Takuma Higurashi, Masato Yoneda, Masataka Taguri, Hiroto Ishiki, Noritoshi Kobayashi, Satoru Saito, Yasushi Ichikawa, Atsushi Nakajima
Summary: Opioids are commonly used in cancer pain management, but can cause constipation as a side effect. Traditional laxatives may not be effective in preventing opioid-induced constipation. However, a new drug called naldemedine has been found to safely and effectively treat this constipation without affecting pain relief. This study compared the effectiveness of magnesium oxide and naldemedine in preventing opioid-induced constipation, and found that naldemedine significantly prevented deterioration in constipation-specific quality of life and reduced gastrointestinal adverse effects compared to magnesium oxide.
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jun Takahashi
Summary: These two papers demonstrate the induction of dopaminergic neurons from human embryonic stem cells and lay the foundation for future clinical trials.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kenneth J. Smith, Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman
Summary: The use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in nonimmunocompromised adults aged 65 years and older is controversial. Higher-valency conjugate vaccines (15-valent and 20-valent) are being developed, but their cost effectiveness in older adults remains uncertain, particularly when potential indirect effects from childhood vaccination are taken into consideration. The study analyzed the cost effectiveness of current U.S. recommendations and alternative strategies using existing and in-development pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, as well as a hypothetical 20-valent vaccine. The results suggest that in-development vaccines may not be economically feasible in older adults, especially when considering potential indirect effects from their use in children. Future research may focus on adult vaccines containing high-risk serotypes not included in childhood vaccines.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zachary M. Grinspan, Kelly G. Knupp, Anup D. Patel, Elissa G. Yozawitz, Courtney J. Wusthoff, Elaine C. Wirrell, Ignacio Valencia, Nilika S. Singhal, Douglas R. Nordli, John R. Mytinger, Wendy G. Mitchell, Cynthia G. Keator, Tobias Loddenkemper, Shaun A. Hussain, Chellamani Harini, William D. Gaillard, Ivan S. Fernandez, Jason Coryell, Catherine J. Chu, Anne T. Berg, Renee A. Shellhaas
Summary: This study found that compared to nonstandard therapies, ACTH and oral steroids are more effective for the initial treatment of infantile spasms. Vigabatrin's effectiveness falls between ACTH/oral steroids and nonstandard therapy, although the sample size was not large enough for statistical significance. Additionally, vigabatrin was found to work best for children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zachary M. Grinspan, Kelly G. Knupp, Anup D. Patel, Elissa G. Yozawitz, Courtney J. Wusthoff, Elaine Wirrell, Ignacio Valencia, Nilika S. Singhal, Douglas R. Nordli, John R. Mytinger, Wendy Mitchell, Cynthia G. Keator, Tobias Loddenkemper, Shaun A. Hussain, Chellamani Harini, William D. Gaillard, Ivan S. Fernandez, Jason Coryell, Catherine J. Chu, Anne T. Berg, Renee A. Shellhaas
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of initial treatments for infantile spasms and found that compared to nonstandard therapy, ACTH and oral steroids are superior. The efficacy of vigabatrin is between that of ACTH/oral steroids and nonstandard therapy, with the best response seen in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria L. Champion, Electra D. Paskett, Timothy E. Stump, Erika B. Biederman, Eric Vachon, Mira L. Katz, Susan M. Rawl, Ryan D. Baltic, Carla D. Kettler, Eric E. Seiber, Wendy Y. Xu, Patrick O. Monahan
Summary: The study assessed the effectiveness of different interventions for increasing cancer screening rates in rural areas. It found that the DVD/PN intervention was more effective than usual care and could be delivered remotely, making it a promising option for improving cancer screening in remote areas.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mahdi Aminizadeh, Batool Tirgari, Omsalimeh Roudi Rashtabadi, Yunes Jahani, Haleh Tajadini
Summary: This study investigates the effect of auricular acupressure on constipation and health-related quality of life in older people living in a residential care home. The results show that auricular acupressure can reduce the severity of constipation symptoms and improve the quality of life in older adults. This non-pharmacological practice can be used by nurses as a cost-effective, safe, acceptable, and non-invasive nursing care for older people with constipation in various settings.
Article
Ophthalmology
Alp Atik, Eamonn T. Fahy, Lindsay A. Rhodes, Brian C. Samuels, Stephen T. Mennemeyer, Christopher A. Girkin
Summary: The study compared the societal cost-utility of the MicroShunt and trabeculectomy for the surgical management of glaucoma, showing that trabeculectomy seems to be a more cost-effective treatment strategy within 1 year. More independent, long-term studies are needed to evaluate the use of MicroShunt and other subconjunctival microstent devices in clinical practice.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Louisa G. Sylvia, Mitchell R. Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Robert N. McBurney, W. Benjamin Nowell, Rachel L. Nosheny, Richard A. Mularski, Millie D. Long, Peter A. Merkel, Mark J. Pletcher, Roberta E. Tovey, Christopher Scalchunes, Rebecca Sutphen, Ann S. Martin, Elizabeth J. Horn, Megan O'Boyle, Lisa Pitch, Michael Seid, Susan Redline, Sophie Greenebaum, Nevita George, Noah J. French, Caylin M. Faria, Nicha Puvanich, Dustin J. Rabideau, Caitlin A. Selvaggi, Chu Yu, Stephen Faraone, Shilpa Venkatachalam, Debbe McCall, Sharon F. Terry, Thilo Deckersbach, Andrew A. Nierenberg
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mindfulness interventions on overall well-being and whether baseline characteristics would have an impact on the treatment outcomes. The results showed that the standard 8-session MBCT program improved well-being, but it was not superior to the brief 3-session mindfulness intervention.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Andre Moreira-Rosario, Shamila Ismael, Ines Barreiros-Mota, Juliana Morais, Catarina Rodrigues, Ines Castela, Ines Curvelo Mendes, Maria Ines Soares, Luis Soares da Costa, Catarina Batista Oliveira, Tiago Henriques, Patricia Pinto, Debora Pita, Catarina Marques de Oliveira, Janaina Maciel, Thaina Serafim, Joao Araujo, Julio Cesar Rocha, Diogo Pestana, Marta P. Silvestre, Claudia Marques, Ana Faria, Jorge Polonia, Conceicao Calhau
Summary: The study compared the effectiveness of salt reduction and healthy lifestyle empowerment programs in reducing blood pressure, with the salt reduction program proving to be more effective in lowering blood pressure.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marianela Mego, Jose Walter Huaman, Sebastian Videla, Marta Jansana, Karen Tinoco, Esteban Saperas
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a high fiber diet in the treatment of patients with defecatory dyssynergy undergoing anorectal biofeedback. The results showed that a high fiber diet did not improve the effectiveness of anorectal biofeedback and was associated with a reduction in improvement of abdominal symptoms.
GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA
(2023)