Synthesis of Na2Ti6O13 nanorods as possible anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries

In this work, Na2Ti6O13 nanorods are prepared by a traditional solid state reaction and reported as anode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries. The effect of calcining temperature on the size and electrochemical behavior of nanorodes is thoroughly described and compared within the temperature range of 800-1000 degrees C. It can be found that the size of nanorodes increases with the enhancing of calcining temperature. At 1000 degrees C, Na2Ti6O13 nanorodes melt into big bulks, which exhibit poor ionic conductivity and low lithium storage capacity. Although Na2Ti6O13 nanorodes with smaller size can be formed at 800 degrees C, its capacity retention is poor. In contrast, Na2Ti6O13 nanorodes obtained at 900 degrees C reveal high reversible capacity, rapid lithium ion diffusion behavior and outstanding rate property. In-situ and exsitu analyses reveal that the structural evolution of Na2Ti6O13 during lithiation and delithiation process is quasi-reversible, which ensures the excellent electrochemical performance of Na2Ti6O13 nanorods for repeated lithium storage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.