Review
Behavioral Sciences
Megan A. K. Peters
Summary: Perceptual metacognition possesses unique properties that allow for the study of the neural and computational correlates of subjective experience. Metacognition leads to subjective experiences, involves internal representations, utilizes recursive computations, is anchored to observable behavior, and depends on hierarchical computations.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arpan Parichha, Varun Suresh, Mallika Chatterjee, Aditya Kshirsagar, Lihi Ben-Reuven, Tsviya Olender, M. Mark Taketo, Velena Radosevic, Mihaela Bobic-Rasonja, Sara Trnski, Michael J. Holtzman, Natasa Jovanov-Milosevic, Orly Reiner, Shubha Tole
Summary: The choroid plexus, responsible for secreting cerebrospinal fluid, plays a critical role in brain development and function. Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is essential for the proper development of the choroid plexus, but over-activation of this pathway can lead to a loss of its properties and transformation into neurons.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Heiko J. Luhmann
Summary: The neocortical network is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, organized in microcircuits that provide various types of neural connections and influences. This network is activated by specific inputs from thalamic nuclei, subcortical regions, and cortico-cortical projections. Different types of neurons in the neocortex have unique firing patterns, synaptic connectivity, and dynamics of their interactions. Repetitive stimulation can activate or inactivate microcircuits within the neocortex. Specific networks within the neocortex generate synchronized activity patterns that contribute to higher cognitive function and behavior. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the structure and function of the neocortical network.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Joan Rue-Queralt, Katharina Glomb, David Pascucci, Sebastien Tourbier, Margherita Carboni, Serge Vulliemoz, Gijs Plomp, Patric Hagmann
Summary: The study explores how the brain's structural connectivity improves the representation of brain activity signals, finding that the connectome spectrum represents brain activity more compactly and characterizes fast brain dynamics with fewer degrees of freedom compared to traditional area-based representations. The connectome spectrum reveals different temporal regimes of integration and segregation, consistent across participants, and captures the differences between low-level and high-level visual processing with fewer dimensions. The study also shows that connectome harmonics more sensitively capture the topological properties of brain activity.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexis Dubreuil, Adrian Valente, Manuel Beiran, Francesca Mastrogiuseppe, Srdjan Ostojic
Summary: Neural computations are currently investigated using two separate approaches: sorting neurons into functional subpopulations or examining the low-dimensional dynamics of collective activity. This study shows that the dimensionality of the dynamics and subpopulation structure play fundamentally complementary roles in shaping computations.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Sarah M. Tashjian, Tomislav D. Zbozinek, Dean Mobbs
Summary: The model presented in the article suggests that the human brain computes safety through threat-oriented and self-oriented evaluations, with dynamic interaction between these two components serving as the mechanism of safety estimation. Research indicates that distinct regions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex respond to threat and safety to facilitate survival decisions. Safety is not simply the inverse of danger, but rather reflects independent computations that mediate defensive circuits and behaviors.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Patrick D. Parker, Pratyush Suryavanshi, Marcello Melone, Punam A. Sawant-Pokam, Katelyn M. Reinhart, Dan Kaufmann, Jeremy J. Theriot, Arianna Pugliese, Fiorenzo Conti, C. William Shuttleworth, Daniela Pietrobon, K. C. Brennan
Summary: A study on mice with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2) mutation found slower clearance during sensory processing and spontaneous plumes of glutamate. These plumes, predicted by elevated basal glutamate levels and plume frequency, provide a novel mechanism for migraine with aura onset.
Review
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Daniel Schmid, Christian Jarvers, Heiko Neumann
Summary: Advanced computer vision mechanisms have been inspired by neuroscientific findings, but technical solutions have been shaped by application and engineering constraints. We propose utilizing overlooked structural and functional principles of neural systems to inspire new computational mechanisms for computer vision.
BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Darjan Salaj, Anand Subramoney, Ceca Kraisnikovi, Guillaume Bellec, Robert Legenstein, Wolfgang Maass
Summary: The study reveals that spike frequency adaptation plays a significant role in underlying computations. Including spike frequency adaptation in spiking neural network models can enhance performance to the level of the human brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ajay Nadig, Jakob Seidlitz, Cassidy L. McDermott, Siyuan Liu, Richard Bethlehem, Tyler M. Moore, Travis T. Mallard, Liv S. Clasen, Jonathan D. Blumenthal, Francois Lalonde, Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Edward T. Bullmore, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Armin Raznahan
Summary: Brain structural covariance norms show tightened coordination by age 25 and loosening after age 70. Imbalance changes are greatest in the association cortex and least in the sensorimotor cortex. Interindividual variation in whole-brain average anatomical imbalance is correlated with prenatal stress and cognitive ability.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Thiviya Selvanathan, Mireille Guillot, Helen M. Branson, Vann Chau, Edmond N. Kelly, Steven P. Miller
Summary: Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a rare group of disorders caused by genetic, metabolic, infectious, or vascular factors that disrupt the development of the cerebral cortex. They are typically detected with brain MRI when symptomatic, but recent advances allow for detection during fetal or neonatal periods. This study presents neuroimaging findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes of a very preterm infant with incidentally detected MCD on neonatal research brain MRI.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Ifat Levy, Daniela Schiller
Summary: The paper reviews neural computations of threat from encounter to decision-making, emphasizing interconnected processes and shared mechanisms. An integrated approach studying specific computations across stages can lead to insights about the evolution, diagnosis, and treatment of threat-related psychopathology.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jie Zheng, Ivan Skelin, Jack J. Lin
Summary: Our perception of facial expressions is influenced by the context of social interactions. The context provides specific framing and resolves ambiguity in interpreting facial expressions, guiding our behavior. This modulation of facial expression may involve the amygdala, hippocampus, and orbitofrontal cortex, but the neural mechanisms are still unknown.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yara Otor, Shay Achvat, Nathan Cermak, Hadas Benisty, Maisan Abboud, Omri Barak, Yitzhak Schiller, Alon Poleg-Polsky, Jackie Schiller
Summary: This study reveals the different tuft computational properties of layer 5 pyramidal tract neurons during motor tasks, indicating the potential morphologically dependent framework for motor computations.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhengguang Guo, Chen Shao, Yang Zhang, Wenying Qiu, Wenting Li, Weimin Zhu, Qian Yang, Yin Huang, Lili Pan, Yuepan Dong, Haidan Sun, Xiaoping Xiao, Wei Sun, Chao Ma, Liwei Zhang
Summary: This study provides a global multiregional proteomic map of the human cerebral cortex by analyzing 29 Brodmann areas. The findings identify cluster-specific and BA-specific signature proteins that are closely associated with specialized functions and disease vulnerability.
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS
(2022)