Article
Immunology
Grace A. Snyder, Shir Eliachar, Michael T. Connelly, Shani Talice, Uzi Hadad, Orly Gershoni-Yahalom, William E. Browne, Caroline V. Palmer, Benyamin Rosental, Nikki Traylor-Knowles
Summary: This study identified and characterized phagocytes from coral and sea anemones, demonstrating their role in engulfing bacteria, fungi, beads, as well as self and damaged cells. The findings also showed that phagocytic cells target antigens localize to low pH phagolysosomes, and the inhibition of actin filament rearrangement interferes with efficient particle phagocytosis. Additionally, cellular markers for lysolitic vesicles and reactive oxygen species were found to correlate with hexacorallian phagocytes, laying a foundation for better understanding of their immune cell biology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco, Eliya Sultan, Aner Ottolenghi, Orly Gershoni-Yahalom, Benyamin Rosental
Summary: The evolution of the immune system is aimed at protecting organisms from infections and providing regenerative capacities and tissue maintenance. Despite the diverse range of effector cells, common features and interesting convergent mechanisms can be observed across different animals. The review explores the evolution of phagocytic and cytotoxic immune lineages, highlighting the diverse function plasticity within evolved immune effector cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guangming Chen, Nan Jiang, Junping Zheng, Haiming Hu, Huabing Yang, Aizhen Lin, Baifei Hu, Hongtao Liu
Summary: In this study, two homogeneous polysaccharides (APS-A1 and APS-B1) were isolated from Astragalus membranaceus and their chemical structures were characterized. APS-A1 had a 1,4-alpha-D-Glcp backbone with a 1,4,6-alpha-D-Glcp branch every ten residues, while APS-B1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and arabinose. Bioactivity assays showed that both APS-A1 and APS-B1 exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Anneloes van Duijn, Sjoerd H. Van der Burg, Ferenc A. Scheeren
Summary: This article focuses on the interactions between myeloid immune cells and anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Blocking the CD47/SIRP alpha axis can enhance adaptive immune response. The potential therapeutic role of CD47/SIRP alpha axis is discussed in tumors with acquired resistance to classic immunotherapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Trevor Ung, Nakisha S. Rutledge, Adam M. Weiss, Aaron P. Esser-Kahn, Peter Deak
Summary: This article summarizes the recent advancements in immunology and chemistry in targeted vaccine technology, including cellular targets, methods of targeting, and their effects on immune responses. The relationships between vaccine targets and subsequent adaptive immune responses are crucial for effective vaccine design, potentially leading to more effective, disease-specific vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Tianmeng Yan, Zhenying Zhang
Summary: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease primarily affecting elderly individuals. It presents with heterogeneous manifestations, typically characterized by microscopically subepidermal separation and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The development mechanism of BP remains unclear. B cells are involved in pathogenic autoantibody production, and other immune cells such as T cells, type II inflammatory cytokines, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, and keratinocytes also contribute to the pathogenesis of BP. This review focuses on the roles and crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells in BP.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Naomi L. P. Keehnen, Lisa Fors, Peter Jarver, Anna-Lena Spetz, Soren Nylin, Ulrich Theopold, Christopher W. Wheat
Summary: Insects rely on their innate immune system to interact with their microbiota, with populations of butterflies found to differ in phagocytic capability and genetic variation related to phagocytosis. Enrichment analysis identified genes involved in glutamine metabolism as potentially underlying these phenotypic differences.
Review
Immunology
George W. Burke III, Alla Mitrofanova, Antonio Fontanella, Gaetano Ciancio, David Roth, Phil Ruiz, Carolyn Abitbol, Jayanthi Chandar, Sandra Merscher, Alessia Fornoni
Summary: This article focuses on the podocyte as the target of circulating factors causing recurrent proteinuria in patients with FSGS after kidney transplantation. Studies involving pre- and post-reperfusion biopsies, as well as in vitro podocyte liquid biopsies/assays, have provided insights into new pathways and potential therapeutic targets. The successful use of immunomodulating agents, such as rituximab and abatacept, suggests direct effects on the podocyte beyond immunosuppression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongliang Zhang, Jie Gao, Yujie Tang, Tengchuan Jin, Jinhui Tao
Summary: Inflammasomes play a crucial role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, acting as a bridge between these two components to maintain a fine balance in immune responses. Understanding the function of inflammasomes in lymphocytes can provide new insights into the mechanisms and treatment of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and tumors.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Michelle Felicia Lee, Guan Zhong Voon, Hui Xuan Lim, Mun Lok Chua, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that poses significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. The dengue virus has evolved various strategies to manipulate the host's immune responses, and miRNAs and DENV non-structural proteins (NS) are promising targets for anti-dengue therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anuradha Ray, Sagar L. Kale, Richard P. Ramonell
Summary: Despite advancements in pulmonary immunology, there is still much work to be done in understanding coordinated immune responses in the lung. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown the inadequacy of current models of host-pathogen interactions and emphasized the importance of unraveling complex biological questions for immunologists. The 64th Annual Thomas L. Petty Aspen Lung Conference focused on bridging the gap between innate and adaptive immunity in the lung, discussing disease pathogenesis, immune responses, autoimmune lung diseases, immunologic cancer treatments, and new paradigms for lung disease prevention and treatment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Xinxin Chi, Miaozhen Huang, Hailin Tu, Bin Zhang, Xin Lin, Huji Xu, Chen Dong, Xiaoyu Hu
Summary: Except for a few cases caused by single gene mutations, the majority of autoimmune diseases are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Despite progress in understanding certain effector cells and molecules associated with inflammation and tissue damage, the exact cause of common autoimmune disorders remains unknown. Population genetics approaches have contributed greatly to our knowledge of genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity, allowing for a comprehensive re-examination of genes and pathways. This review aims to discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders from a human genetics perspective, covering innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammatory cell death processes. By exploring new molecules and pathways, we hope to broaden our understanding of autoimmunity beyond the current limited therapeutic targets.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anke Zhang, Yibo Liu, Xiaoyu Wang, Houshi Xu, Chaoyou Fang, Ling Yuan, KaiKai Wang, Jingwei Zheng, Yangjian Qi, Sheng Chen, Jianmin Zhang, Anwen Shao
Summary: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of stroke that induces an immune response and triggers brain injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Current research mainly focuses on the production of specific subtypes of immune cells, especially innate immune cells, after SAH onset. There is increasing evidence of the critical role of immune responses in SAH pathophysiology, but studies on the role and clinical significance of adaptive immunity post-SAH are limited. In this study, we provide a brief review of the mechanistic dissection of innate and adaptive immune responses post-SAH, as well as summarize experimental studies and clinical trials of immunotherapies for SAH treatment, which may contribute to the development of improved therapeutic approaches for SAH management in the future.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun-Koung An, Wei Zhang, Minseok Kwak, Peter Chang-Whan Lee, Jun-O Jin
Summary: This study found that Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (AMP) can activate dendritic and T cells in human blood, suggesting potential applications in regulating human immunity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiacai Wu, Chanyi Li, Lisha Bai, Jian Wu, Rui Bo, Mingzhu Ye, Li Huang, Hongyuan Chen, Wen Rui
Summary: Honey-processed Astragalus has shown superior anti-inflammatory effects compared to raw Astragalus by affecting the structure of polysaccharides, leading to better protection of intestinal mucosa and regulation of cytokine expression in colitis mice. This study lays a foundation for understanding the processing mechanism of Astragalus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)