Review
Energy & Fuels
Weidong Lu, Shijie Liu
Summary: This review summarizes the latest research on the extraction of phenolic compounds from various bioresources using Ch-DESs. The impact factors, kinetic modeling, and chemical mechanisms of the process are thoroughly analyzed and discussed, along with the prospects and challenges of commercializing the extraction of phenolic compounds from bioresources using Ch-DESs.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
P. Alonso-Riano, M. T. Sanz, O. Benito-Roman, S. Beltran, E. Trigueros
Summary: The study explored the valorization of brewer's spent grain through subcritical water hydrolysis, revealing the highest protein solubilization rate at 185 degrees C, the highest free amino acid content at 160 degrees C, and the maximum total phenolic compounds at 185 degrees C. This research provides insights into the fractionation of bioactive compounds and the integration of small breweries into the biorefinery concept.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
P. Alonso-Riano, C. Ramos, E. Trigueros, S. Beltran, M. T. Sanz
Summary: The feasibility of scaling up an industrial-scale subcritical water (SW) system for the valorization of brewer's spent grain (BSG) has been investigated. The pilot-scale subcritical water treatment (SWT) of BSG in a discontinuous mode resulted in the release of 56% of total carbohydrates, with a pentose yield of 78%. High-value compounds such as peptides, amino acids and phenolic content were obtained. The scale-up showed good reproducibility, although there were some differences in yields between lab and pilot scales. SWT also modified the composition of residual solid, enhancing its digestibility for further glucose release.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
E. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. L. Marina, M. C. Garcia
Summary: A green methodology based on pressurized liquids (PLE) was proposed for extracting proteins and obtaining highly active extracts from brewer's spent grain (BSG). Compared to conventional alkaline extraction assisted with ultrasounds (UAE), PLE extracted more proteins and showed higher antioxidant, cholesterol esterase inhibition, and ACE inhibitory activities. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that PLE extracts had a higher ratio of hydrophobic peptides, which contributed to their higher bioactivity.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ali Ali Redha
Summary: This literature review discusses the extraction of phenolic compounds using green deep eutectic solvents, including their composition, factors affecting extraction, and extraction conditions.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Andela Zeko-Pivac, Anja Bosnjakovic, Mirela Planinic, Jelena Parlov Vukovic, Predrag Novak, Tomislav Jednacak, Marina Tisma
Summary: Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a valuable secondary raw material that can be used as animal feed and in the production of value-added products. By utilizing Trametes versicolor in solid-state fermentation, hydrolytic and lignolytic enzymes were successfully produced from BSG samples. The chemical composition and activities of the enzymes varied due to the differences in the two BSG samples. The biological treatment improved the nutritional value of BSG1, while BSG2 experienced a decrease in reducing sugars and an increase in hemicellulose and lignin content. The treated samples were found to be safe for use in animal feed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raquel Canadas, Blanca Saenz de Miera, Paloma Mendez, Emilio J. Gonzalez, Maria Gonzalez-Miquel
Summary: The study focuses on using natural eutectic solvents (NAESs) for the valorization of grape waste in a circular economy context, aiming to extract valuable antioxidants for food and fine chemical applications. After evaluating 15 NAESs, it was found that a solvent combination of 1,2-butanediol and betaine, with microwave-assisted extraction at 100 degrees C for 3 min, achieved successful recovery of antioxidants. This NAESs-based MAE method has great potential for the antioxidants market and sustainable development in the winery sector.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ana C. Cassoni, Patricia Costa, Ines Mota, Marta W. Vasconcelos, Manuela Pintado
Summary: The study proposes an environmental-friendly method using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) to recover lignin from Brewer's spent grain (BSG) and Olive tree pruning (OTP). Experimental designs were carried out to determine the optimal conditions for lignin extraction based on yield and antioxidant activity. Results showed that DES is a promising solvent for successfully extracting lignins from OTP and BSG biomasses with high purities and valuable properties.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Md. Asraful Alam, Gul Muhammad, M. Nuruzzaman Khan, M. Mofijur, Yongkun Lv, Wenlong Xiong, Jingliang Xu
Summary: Valorization of bioresources to extract valuable phenolic compounds using choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents is essential for a sustainable and environmentally friendly economy. Recent studies have focused on optimizing extraction processes and understanding mechanisms involved in phenolic compound extraction. This paper thoroughly summarizes factors influencing extraction, kinetic models, and mechanisms, providing valuable insights for future biomass valorization.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Giorgio Grillo, Silvia Tabasso, Giorgio Capaldi, Kristina Radosevic, Ivana Radojcic-Redovnikovic, Veronika Gunjevic, Emanuela Calcio Gaudino, Giancarlo Cravotto
Summary: This paper explores the potential of recovering antioxidants from violet potato peels (VPPs) using natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) under ultrasound (US) and microwave (MW)-assisted extraction. The performances of these enabling technologies surpass those of conventional extractions in terms of antioxidant activity. Long-term storage experiments show that NaDES extracts have a 5.6-fold extension in shelf-life. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrate that NaDES extracts exhibit significantly higher antiproliferative activity on both Caco-2 cells and HaCaT cells compared to ethanolic extracts.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Johnatt Allan Rocha de Oliveira, Paula de Paula Menezes Barbosa, Gabriela Alves Macedo
Summary: This paper evaluated the methodologies for extracting phenolic compounds using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) in combination with pectinlyase. The results showed that DES associated with pectinlyase had higher concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, indicating its excellent potential for extracting flavonoids from citrus pomace.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qammer Zaib, Matthew J. Eckelman, Yi Yang, Daeseung Kyung
Summary: This study evaluates the potential environmental impacts of a representative choline chloride (ChCl)/urea deep eutectic solvent (DES) called reline, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). The results show that reline has lower environmental impacts compared to certain organic solvents, but higher impacts compared to methanol and ethanol. The chemical constituent materials used in the synthesis of reline DES contribute significantly to its life-cycle environmental impacts. Additionally, LCA is performed on four other ChCl-based DESs, with ChCl/citric acid DES showing the highest environmental impacts.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Konstantin V. Kobelev, Irina N. Gribkova, Larisa N. Kharlamova, Armen V. Danilyan, Maxim A. Zakharov, Irina V. Lazareva, Valery I. Kozlov, Olga A. Borisenko
Summary: This study investigates the effect of electrochemically activated water on the extraction of organic compounds from brewer's spent grain. The alkaline properties of the catholyte showed better results compared to aqueous extraction for β-glucan, sugars, nitrogenous, and phenolic compounds. The best extraction period was 120 minutes at 50°C.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinjie Liang, Bingqing Lv, Shitao Sun, Zhixuan Wu, Bin Lin, Xuefei Bao, Guoliang Chen
Summary: A novel method was developed to prepare hydroxamic acids from ester precursors in environmentally benign deep eutectic solvents. The method features a base-free reaction and the involvement of zinc oxide for product separation. Through an integrated solution of product purification and reagent recovery, the resource efficiency was improved and environmental impact was reduced. Various hydroxamic acids, including enantiomerically pure ones, were prepared in high yields. The recyclability of both zinc oxide and deep eutectic solvents was demonstrated through gram-scale preparation for multiple runs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Eduardo Picciolini, Genny Pastore, Tiziana Del Giacco, Gianluca Ciancaleoni, Matteo Tiecco, Raimondo Germani
Summary: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are a class of solvents that are becoming more and more important in research due to their environmentally friendly features, structural characteristics, and catalytic properties. They are formed by mixing a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, and are finding applications as alternatives to common organic compounds.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Juan C. Lopez-Linares, Maria Teresa Garcia-Cubero, Monica Coca, Susana Lucas
Summary: The experiment of extracting antioxidant compounds from spent coffee grounds suggests that they have the potential to be a bio-refinery material, and can play a role in an integrated bio-refinery approach.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Marina Fernandez-Delgado, Esther del Amo-Mateos, Maria T. Garcia-Cubero, Monica Coca, Susana Lucas
Summary: The study investigated the use of MMWC residue for phosphorus recycling, aiming to obtain liquid extracts rich in P suitable for struvite precipitation. Optimization of P extraction showed that sulfuric acid 0.5 M and 30 degrees C provided the highest yield, while oxalic acid 0.1 M and 30 degrees C maximized extraction yield with minimized heavy metals concentration. Preliminary economic analysis indicated that sulfuric acid 0.5 M had the lowest total investment cost and minimum sale price for theoretical struvite.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Pedro Plaza, Monica Coca, Susana Lucas Yague, Gloria Gutierrez, Eloisa Rochon, M. Teresa Garcia-Cubero
Summary: A fed-batch ABE fermentation process coupled with in-situ gas-stripping was studied to mitigate butanol toxicity. Continuous feeding strategy produced more stable butanol concentrations and enhanced monosaccharides uptake efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marina Fernandez-Delgado, Esther del Amo-Mateos, Susana Lucas, M. Teresa Garcia-Cubero, Monica Coca
Summary: The study evaluated the economic and environmental feasibility of an industrial plant producing liquid fertilizers from organic waste, showing that conventional extraction with alkaline solvent is the most favorable scenario for scaling up. It was found that the fertilizer production under alkaline conditions is ten times higher than for water-based extraction, leading to a lower selling price and reduced environmental impact.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Esther del Amo-Mateos, Juan C. Lopez-Linares, Teresa Garcia-Cubero, Susana Lucas, Monica Coca
Summary: The complete valorisation of sugar beet pulp through pectooligosaccharides extraction and biobutanol production was studied. The study successfully optimized the conditions for the extraction of pectooligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp and achieved high yields. The study also demonstrated the potential of sugar beet pulp as a feedstock for biobutanol production through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Cristina Barrios, Marina Fernandez-Delgado, Juan C. Lopez-Linares, Maria Teresa Garcia-Cubero, Monica Coca, Susana Lucas
Summary: This study compared the optimization of microwave-assisted hydrothermal and alkali extraction for different agri-food wastes. The results showed that the extraction of brewers spent grain (BSG) under optimal conditions provided the highest protein content and lowest production cost, while microwave-assisted hydrothermal extraction of kale stems also produced bioactive and commercially valuable extracts. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable and climate-neutral agriculture by producing high-quality proteins from agri-food wastes.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Esther del Amo-Mateos, Marina Fernandez-Delgado, Susana Lucas, Juan Carlos Lopez-Linares, M. Teresa Garcia-Cubero, Monica Coca
Summary: This study focuses on the valorization of discarded red beetroot (DRB) through the recovery of bioactive compounds. The DRB juice is found to have higher content of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and betalains than commercial juices. DRB pomace contains pectin that can be recovered by microwave extraction aided by a surfactant. Optimal conditions for the extraction of galacturonic acid (GalA) or pectooligosaccharides (POS) were determined. The recovered pectin was identified as high-methoxyl pectin with a degree of esterification higher than 50%.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Juan C. Lopez-Linares, Monica Coca, Pedro E. Plaza, Susana Lucas, Maria Teresa Garcia-Cubero
Summary: The suitability of carrot discard as a raw material for ABE fermentation was assessed in this study. Different strategies involving hydrothermal pretreatment and/or enzymatic hydrolysis were compared for biobutanol production from carrot discard pulp. The use of different types of enzymes and enzyme mixtures was also evaluated. The findings showed that high yields of butanol and ABE can be achieved using a mixture of enzymes without pretreatment, and even higher yields can be obtained when hydrothermal pretreatment is applied.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Marina Fernandez-Delgado, Juan Carlos Lopez-Linares, Susana Lucas, M. Teresa Garcia-Cubero, Monica Coca
Summary: This study compares the recovery and properties of humic acids from municipal mixed waste compost and manure compost. The results show that manure compost provides a richer extract of humic acids, but the precipitates have similar organic carbon contents. The extraction and precipitation of humic acids also reduce the concentration of heavy metals.