Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases in collagen synthesis

Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix. They provide a framework to build organs and tissues and give structural support to make them resistant to mechanical load and forces. Several intra- and extracellular modifications are needed to make functional collagen molecules, intracellular post-translational modifications of proline and lysine residues having key roles in this. In this article, we provide a review on the enzymes responsible for the proline and lysine modifications, that is collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases, 3-hydroxylases and lysyl hydroxylases, and discuss their biological functions and involvement in diseases.

Automated summary

Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix, providing a framework and structural support for organs and tissues. Intra- and extracellular modifications, particularly post-translational modifications of proline and lysine residues, are crucial for producing functional collagen molecules. The enzymes responsible for proline and lysine modifications, including collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases, 3-hydroxylases, and lysyl hydroxylases, play important biological roles and are implicated in various diseases.