Article
Thermodynamics
Zhizuan Zhou, Xiaodong Zhou, Dong Wang, Maoyu Li, Boxuan Wang, Lizhong Yang, Bei Cao
Summary: This study investigates the thermal runaway characteristics of prismatic LIBs under different orientations, revealing that transversal placement accelerates thermal runaway compared to lengthwise placement. The onset temperature for safety valve opening is consistent at 129 degrees C regardless of energy stored or placement. The jet velocity at safety valve opening is determined mathematically, with a maximum velocity of 42.05 m/s recorded.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunyan Shuai, Fang Yang, Wencong Wang, Jun Shan, Zheng Chen, Xin Ouyang, Vickie E. Baracos, Marilia Cravo
Summary: By analyzing 181,282 charge records, researchers have developed a deep neural network algorithm using IoT technology that can automatically capture charge feature variables, determine their dependencies, and identify abnormal charge behaviors, effectively ensuring the charging safety of over 20 million E-bicycles.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chunyan Shuai, Fang Yang, Wencong Wang, Jun Shan, Zheng Chen, Xin Ouyang
Summary: The widespread use of electric bicycles has led to numerous charging accidents. However, diagnosing charging faults online is challenging due to the lack of standard chargers, inconsistent communication methods, and limited access to battery status. The development of the Internet of Things allows for the collection of charger input current information on a cloud platform, providing an alternative approach to identify underlying charging abnormalities. By analyzing 181,282 charge records, a deep neural network algorithm has been developed to automatically capture charge feature variables, determine their dependencies, and identify abnormal charge behaviors. With an average accuracy of 85%, the algorithm effectively diagnoses charging faults, ensuring the safety of over 20 million E-bicycles after extensive validation. Furthermore, this diagnostic framework can be extended to real-time charge safety detection for electric vehicles and similar vehicles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongxu Ouyang, Jingwen Weng, Mingyi Chen, Jian Wang
Summary: A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of safety vents on the thermal runaway behaviors of lithium-ion batteries. The results showed that safety vents could delay the occurrence of thermal runaway, but the effect varied with the state of charge and cathode chemistry.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rongchao Zhao, Zhaodan Lai, Weihua Li, Ming Ye, Shanhu Yu
Summary: Most current models for battery thermal runaway only consider the heat generated inside the battery cell and neglect the effects of jet fire, which hinders the evaluation of thermal runaway propagation in a battery pack. This study proposes a coupled model that takes into account both the heat generation inside the battery and the jet fire outside during thermal runaway, providing a more accurate assessment of the thermal hazard. Experimental and simulation activities are conducted to validate the model's performance.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pengfei Zhang, Jiajun Lu, Kangbo Yang, Haipeng Chen, Yuqi Huang
Summary: A coupled simulation model of the thermal runaway of the 18650 lithium-ion batteries was developed in this study, considering TR decomposition reaction, gas generation and combustion processes, solid particles ejection, and particles heat transfer process. The model accurately captures the temperature evolution and two typical jet processes during TR, and the simulation results showed the importance of considering the effect of solid particles. The model innovatively combines the effect of solid particles' radiation into the TR simulation, providing a more accurate calculation method for TR propagation prediction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nathaniel Sunderlin, Andrew Colclasure, Chuanbo Yang, Joshua Major, Kae Fink, Aron Saxon, Matthew Keyser
Summary: The recycling capacity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has not kept up with the increase in battery manufacturing. Cost-effective recycling practices are needed as the first generation of LIBs reach their end-of-life (EOL) and create a surge in battery waste. Cryogenic freezing of LIBs can protect them during transportation and reduce costs. This study aims to evaluate the risks of cryogenic transportation and assess the structural damage to LIBs caused by freezing.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Song Xie, Yize Gong, Xianke Ping, Jian Sun, Xiantao Chen, Yuanhua He
Summary: Overcharging can cause capacity loss and decreased safety in lithium-ion batteries, especially with increasing overcharge cycles. Overcharging leads to electrode damage and side reactions, resulting in blockage of lithium ion transport channels and degradation of chemical kinetics. These changes lead to decreased internal air pressure, delayed valve opening, and decreased thermal stability of the battery.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuhang Song, Nawei Lyu, Shuang Shi, Xin Jiang, Yang Jin
Summary: This paper proposes a safety warning method for lithium-ion batteries based on module-space air-pressure variation, and verifies its effectiveness through experiments. The research shows that immediate measures taken upon detecting an air-pressure variation signal can effectively prevent battery thermal runaway, enhance the safety of energy-storage stations.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zijian Li, Peihong Zhang, Rongxue Shang
Summary: In practice, the heat source that triggers thermally induced failures of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be located inside or outside the battery enclosure (BE). This study investigated the effect of the heat source location on the thermal runaway (TR) propagation characteristics of LIBs through thermal abuse experiments. The results showed that when the heat source was outside the BE, the first TR in the LIB module was significantly delayed, but the TR propagation speed, maximum cell temperature, and mass loss were higher compared to when the heat source was inside the BE. The study also analyzed the effect of BE thermal conductivity on the TR propagation of LIBs and calculated the no-return temperature of the cell in the BE for the first time. This research deepens the understanding of TR propagation behavior in practical applications and provides guidance for the safe design of LIBs.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mingqian Li, Panpan Xu, Suk-woo Lee, Bum-young Jung, Zheng Chen
Summary: Integrating TRPS directly into LIB electrodes successfully overcame the processing difficulty and achieved battery manufacturing with consistent electrochemical performance and thermal abuse protection. The use of tungsten carbide as a conductive filler, along with a scalable solvent-based method, resulted in highly conductive and uniform TRPS.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruirui Li, Zhihao Liu, Siqi Zheng, Chengshan Xu, Jieyu Sun, Siqi Chen, Huaibin Wang, Languang Lu, Tao Deng, Xuning Feng
Summary: This study proposes a novel thermal barrier consisting of nano-ceramic fiber, phase change materials, and mica cross skeleton to effectively prevent the thermal runaway propagation in lithium ion batteries. The thermal barrier exhibits good heat insulation and compressive strength, reducing the maximum temperature of the battery by about 10 degrees Celsius during charging and discharging conditions. The findings provide guidance for the safety design of large capacity lithium ion battery systems, contributing to the potential safety protection of next-generation electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiahui Chen, Yan Cui, Liqin Jiang, Jianjun Xue, Hanliang Xu, Junmin Nan
Summary: The thermal safety of pouch lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with a nominal capacity of 2000 mA h is improved by adding nanoscale Mg(OH)2 into the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode, which can effectively interrupt the thermal runaway process and increase the thermal runaway temperature of the cell. The unique characteristics of Mg(OH)2, including insulation, compressibility, gas generation, and heat absorption, contribute to the improvement of cell safety and the enhancement of rate performance and cycle stability.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Gongquan Wang, Ping Ping, Yue Zhang, Hengle Zhao, Hongpeng Lv, Xinzeng Gao, Wei Gao, Depeng Kong
Summary: In this study, a modeling framework based on conjugate heat transfer is developed to investigate the interaction between jet fire and TR propagation. The proposed model can capture the flame morphology and temperature evolution, and the simulation results show that the space confinement and ceiling height have significant impacts on TR propagation.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yue Zhang, Depeng Kong, Ping Ping, Hengle Zhao, Xinyi Dai, Xiaotong Chen
Summary: The study found that in top-confined space, the heat flux of fire significantly increases, and the temperature and back surface temperature growth rate are higher in the early stage of thermal runaway. The fire extension length consists of three main stages, and there is a correlation between plate height and extension length.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)