Article
Biology
Makoto Kato, Luna Yamamori, Yume Imada, Teiji Sota
Summary: Despite ample research on insects that feed on vascular plants, there has been limited study on insects that feed on bryophytes. This study examines the origin and diversification of bryophyte-associated insects and estimates the patterns and timing of host shifts. The findings reveal a close relationship between bryophyte-associated insects and fern-associated insects, with multiple host shifts occurring across different bryophyte taxa since the Oligocene. These results indicate a dynamic history of interactions between bryophytes and herbivores in ecosystems dominated by angiosperms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Clayton M. Small, Emily A. Beck, Mark C. Currey, Hannah F. Tavalire, Susan Bassham, William A. Cresko
Summary: This study demonstrates a positive association between host genetic dissimilarity and microbiome dissimilarity in stickleback fish. The findings provide insight into the genomic architecture of gut microbiome variation and highlight the influence of host genome on microbiome diversity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hirzi Luqman, Daniel Wegmann, Simone Fior, Alex Widmer
Summary: Quaternary climate fluctuations drove many species to shift their geographic ranges, in turn shaping their genetic structures. Recently, it has been argued that adaptation may have accompanied species range shifts via the sieving of genotypes during colonisation and establishment. Luqman et al.'s study on the genetic landscape of the carnation species Dianthus sylvestris during the Quaternary glacial cycles provides direct evidence of the interplay between migration and adaptation in shaping species responses to climate change. The study shows that adaptive responses emerged concomitantly with range shifts and expansions, and were driven by the sieving of adaptive alleles across space and time. This reveals the importance of understanding the spatial patterns of adaptive variation in species today.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Andrew Gougherty, T. Jonathan Davies
Summary: The composition of tree pests is primarily driven by the phylogenetic composition of host trees, while effects of climate and geography seem to be minor. Pests that utilise many hosts tend to be more widespread, but most pests do not fill the geographic range of their hosts. The establishment of pests in new regions may be largely dictated by the presence of suitable host trees, highlighting the need for further research on the influences of climate on individual pest species distributions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Melanie Tietje, Alexandre Antonelli, William J. Baker, Rafael Govaerts, Stephen A. Smith, Wolf L. Eiserhardt
Summary: Species richness varies greatly around the world, and diversification rate is not the main factor explaining this variation. The study found that diversification rates are highest in dry areas with high edaphic diversity, contrary to the predictions of the Metabolic Theory of Ecology. Climate and environmental heterogeneity were confirmed as the main drivers of species richness, but there is no direct mechanistic link between diversification rate and species richness.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tiago M. F. F. Gomes, Gabriel L. Wallau, Elgion L. S. Loreto
Summary: Wolbachia is an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont found in insects and other invertebrates, with a high level of genetic similarity to its hosts. This suggests that host shift, the direct transmission of Wolbachia cells between different species, occurs more frequently than expected.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Joana S. Carvalho, Bruce Graham, Gaeelle Bocksberger, Fiona Maisels, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Serge Wich, Tenekwetche Sop, Bala Amarasekaran, Benjamin Barca, Abdulai Barrie, Richard A. Bergl, Christophe Boesch, Hedwige Boesch, Terry M. Brncic, Bartelijntje Buys, Rebecca Chancellor, Emmanuel Danquah, Osiris A. Doumbe, Stephane Y. Le-Duc, Anh Galat-Luong, Jessica Ganas, Sylvain Gatti, Andrea Ghiurghi, Annemarie Goedmakers, Nicolas Granier, Dismas Hakizimana, Barbara Haurez, Josephine Head, Ilka Herbinger, Annika Hillers, Sorrel Jones, Jessica Junker, Nakedi Maputla, Eno-Nku Manasseh, Maureen S. McCarthy, Mary Molokwu-Odozi, Bethan J. Morgan, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Paul K. N'Goran, Stuart Nixon, Louis Nkembi, Emmanuelle Normand, Laurent D. Z. Nzooh, Sarah H. Olson, Leon Payne, Charles-Albert Petre, Alex K. Piel, Lilian Pintea, Andrew J. Plumptre, Aaron Rundus, Adeline Serckx, Fiona A. Stewart, Jacqueline Sunderland-Groves, Nikki Tagg, Angelique Todd, Ashley Vosper, Jose F. C. Wenceslau, Erin G. Wessling, Jacob Willie, Hjalmar S. Kuehl
Summary: Modeling the distribution of African great apes shows that by 2050, a significant decline in their range is expected, with the current protected area network likely insufficient for preserving suitable habitats and maintaining connected ape populations.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pasquale Tripodi, Mark Timothy Rabanus-Wallace, Lorenzo Barchi, Sandip Kale, Salvatore Esposito, Alberto Acquadro, Roland Schafleitner, Maarten van Zonneveld, Jaime Prohens, Maria Jose Diez, Andreas Borner, Jeremy Salinier, Bernard Caromel, Arnaud Bovy, Filiz Boyaci, Gancho Pasev, Ronny Brandt, Axel Himmelbach, Ezio Portis, Richard Finkers, Sergio Lanteri, Ilan Paran, Veronique Lefebvre, Giovanni Giuliano, Nils Stein
Summary: Through genomic scans and SNP analysis, this study delves into the genetic diversity of 10,038 pepper accessions from genebanks worldwide, revealing the history and global distribution of peppers. Findings show interspecific hybridization and taxonomic errors are common, indicating human preferences play a major role in shaping the genetic structure of peppers.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Adam Z. Z. Hasik, Adam M. M. Siepielski
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of parasites on host reproduction, specifically on mean fitness and variance in reproduction outcomes. The results showed that parasites severely reduced mean fitness of hosts, leading to decreased fecundity, viability, and mating success. Parasite infection also increased variance in reproduction, particularly in fecundity and offspring viability. Surprisingly, similar effects on viability were observed when either the male or female was parasitized.
Article
Microbiology
Sofia M. Murga-Garrido, Qilin Hong, Tzu-Wen L. Cross, Evan R. Hutchison, Jessica Han, Sydney P. Thomas, Eugenio I. Vivas, John Denu, Danilo G. Ceschin, Zheng-Zheng Tang, Federico E. Rey
Summary: This study demonstrates a causal link between interindividual variation in gut microbiome and differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes, suggesting that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. The findings underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wang-Hui Song, Jing-Jing Li
Summary: As global climate change alters the distribution range of macroalgae, it is necessary to assess its impact on species range shifts for conservation purposes. In this study, we investigated the geographical variation and physiological responses of Sargassum thunbergii populations to climate change. The results indicate that there is intraspecific variability in the response of populations, with the southern group showing higher resilience and adaptability to changing temperatures.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Business
Chao Zhou
Summary: This study examines the impact of global diversification on corporate philanthropic giving (CPG) in Chinese MNCs, and the moderating effect of host-country environments. The results show that global diversification does not have a significant relationship with CPG. However, the cultural distance, institutional quality, country risk, and economic growth of the host country moderate this relationship. The findings suggest that the impact of global diversification on CPG is contingent on the host country's environment.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Michael C. Singer, Camille Parmesan
Summary: As species' poleward range limits expand under climate change, generalists are expected to expand their ranges faster than specialists. Through long-term studies, it has been found that colonization events can lead to an increase in diet breadth as a result of preference diversification among individuals, potentially caused by cryptic genetic variation or host shifts. Range expansions can lead to increases in population-level diet breadths and may drive specialization, influencing the persistence of populations at expanding range margins.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Kelly Silva Souza, Danilo Siqueira Fortunato, Lucas Jardim, Levi Carina Terribile, Matheus Souza Lima-Ribeiro, Camilla Avila Mariano, Jesus Nazareno Pinto-Ledezma, Rafael Loyola, Ricardo Dobrovolski, Thiago Fernando Rangel, Ibere Farina Machado, Taina Rocha, Mariana Gomes Batista, Maria Lucia Lorini, Mariana Moncassim Vale, Carlos Arturo Navas, Natan Medeiros Maciel, Fabricio Villalobos, Miguel Angelo Olalla-Tarraga, Joao Fabricio Mota Rodrigues, Sidney Feitosa Gouveia, Jose Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho
Summary: Using a macroecological approach, we assessed the probability of evolutionary rescue and dispersal of amphibian populations under climate change. Our study found that without evolutionary adaptation and dispersal, almost 50% of amphibian species could go extinct by 2100. However, adding these processes could slightly decrease the extinction rate to 36.5%.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anne Elise Stratton, John W. Finley, David Gustafson, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Samuel S. Myers, Rosamond L. Naylor, Jennifer J. Otten, Cheryl A. Palm
Summary: As global fruit and vegetable production needs to increase to meet future demands, scaling up current systems could worsen environmental and socioeconomic tradeoffs. Investing in innovation to increase diversity, integrate technology, and improve equity is essential for truly sustainable expansion of F&V systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)