Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andressa Radiske, Maria Carolina Gonzalez, Diana A. Noga, Janine Rossato, Lia R. M. Bevilaqua, Martin Cammarota
Summary: Research on adult male Wistar rats showed that different subunits of NMDARs in the hippocampus play distinct roles in the stability and destabilization of extinction memory. GluN2B-containing NMDARs are necessary for extinction memory destabilization, while GluN2A-containing NMDARs are involved in its restabilization. Pharmacological modulation of these receptor subtypes around the time of extinction memory recall may regulate the dominance of extinction memory over the original memory trace.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Satoshi Kida
Summary: Memory retrieval is a dynamic process that involves reconsolidation, where retrieved memories return to a labile state and are re-stored. This discovery challenges the traditional view of memory consolidation and suggests that memory can be modified through reconsolidation. Extinction, on the other hand, weakens a conditioned fear memory through a new inhibitory learning process. In our research, we investigated the relationship between memory reconsolidation and extinction at behavioral, cellular, and molecular levels, finding that they have opposite effects on fear memory and interact with each other in a memory transition process.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmine Herszage, Marlene Bonstrup, Leonardo G. Cohen, Nitzan Censor
Summary: Abundant evidence suggests that consolidated memories can be modified after reactivation. This study explores whether motor skill memories can be modified after brief reactivations, even at the early stages of learning. The results indicate that memories formed during early learning are not susceptible to interference or enhancement within a rapid reactivation-induced time window, suggesting that reactivation-induced motor skill memory modulation may depend on longer timescales of consolidation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Matteo Bernabo, Josue Haubrich, Karine Gamache, Karim Nader
Summary: The study found that NMDAR activation and proteasome activity can lead to a temporary reduction in PKM xi protein after memory retrieval, while new PKM xi protein is synthesized during memory reconsolidation to restore memory. Failure to synthesize new PKM xi during memory reconsolidation impairs memory, but continuous synthesis of PKM xi is not necessary for maintenance itself.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Arturo Romano, Ramiro Freudenthal, Mariana Feld
Summary: Memory acquisition, formation, and maintenance depend on synaptic post-translational machinery and regulation of gene expression triggered by transduction pathways. Studies on the crab Neohelice granulata have revealed key plasticity mechanisms involved in memory, including activation of ERK and NF-κB transcription factor, involvement of synaptic proteins, and neuroepigenetic regulation of gene expression. This article reviews the most significant findings in this memory model.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Denisse Paredes, Anna R. Knippenberg, David A. Morilak
Summary: Current pharmacotherapies for PTSD and MDD are ineffective for many patients, while behavioral therapies such as exposure therapy can be effective for treatment-resistant patients. Fear extinction after chronic stress in rats models the effects of exposure therapy, requiring neuronal activity and protein synthesis in the IL cortex for beneficial effects. Extinction triggers BDNF-Erk signaling in the IL cortex to reverse stress-induced cognitive impairments.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hotaka Fukushima, Yue Zhang, Satoshi Kida
Summary: The study revealed that an ERK-dependent memory transition process after retrieval regulates the switch of memory phases from reconsolidation to extinction by preventing the induction of reconsolidation. This process involves distinct molecular and cellular signatures in brain regions related to fear memory, offering insights into the mechanism of memory transition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elena F. Shevtsova, Plamena R. Angelova, Olga A. Stelmashchuk, Noemi Esteras, Nataliia A. Vasil'eva, Andrey Maltsev, Pavel N. Shevtsov, Alexander Shaposhnikov, Vladimir P. Fisenko, Sergey O. Bachurin, Andrey Y. Abramov
Summary: This study found that compounds Tg-2112x and Tg-2113x have protective effects on cells by reducing mitochondrial calcium uptake and preventing cell death and mitochondrial depolarization induced by beta-amyloid. Additionally, Tg-2113x restored fear extinction in aged mice. This research provides a basis for the development of a novel generation of disease-modifying neuroprotective agents.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Lucas de Oliveira Alvares, Fabricio H. Do-Monte
Summary: Memory formation allows organisms to predict future events and adapt their behavior, but it needs to maintain plasticity to stay relevant in changing environments. Consolidated memories can become unstable after reactivation, and processes like extinction and forgetting can also influence memory fate.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongling Guo, Tahir Ali, Jianyu Que, Yanmei Zhou, Yang Bai
Summary: This article reviews the role of dendritic spine dynamics in different phases of associative memory processing and highlights the need for suitable tools to measure and control spine dynamics in vivo under behaviorally relevant conditions.
Review
Cell Biology
Dae Hee Han, Pojeong Park, Dong Il Choi, Tim V. P. Bliss, Bong-Kiun Kaang
Summary: Memory consists of different phases, including cellular consolidation, systems consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction. Recent studies have shown that simple association memories can be encoded by a subset of neurons called engram cells. The activity of these cells is necessary and sufficient for memory recall. However, it is still unclear how engram cells encode different phases of memory, and further research is needed. The possibility that the synapses between engram cells, known as the synaptic engram, constitute the memory needs to be examined. This review summarizes recent findings on cellular engrams and discusses the distinct molecular mechanisms required for cellular and synaptic engrams.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhonghua Dai, Ying Liu, Lina Nie, Weiqi Chen, Xing Xu, Yonghui Li, Jianjun Zhang, Fang Shen, Nan Sui, Jing Liang
Summary: Extinction training during the reconsolidation window following memory recall is effective for promoting the extinction of pathological memory. However, this effect has not been consistently replicated in different studies. This study identifies a neural circuit that, when activated, enhances the extinction process through the recall-extinction procedure.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cassidy E. Wideman, James Nguyen, Sean D. Jeffries, Boyer D. Winters
Summary: Reminder cues can disrupt consolidated memories, making them modifiable again. Older and stronger memories resist this process and require specific conditions for cues to disrupt them.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng Qin, Xin-Lan Bian, Hai-Yin Wu, Jia-Yun Xian, Yu-Hui Lin, Cheng-Yun Cai, Ying Zhou, Xiao-Lin Kou, Ting-You Li, Lei Chang, Chun-Xia Luo, Dong-Ya Zhu
Summary: The study reveals that the association of nNOS with CAPON in the medial prefrontal cortex negatively regulates extinction memory, and dissociating this association can prevent the return of extinguished fear, enhancing long-term potentiation and excitatory synaptic transmission.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Alexandra Gros, Szu-Han Wang
Summary: Cognitive decline in spatial memory is observed in aging. Understanding the processes affected in aging and the role of prior training is crucial for improving wellbeing. Prior training improves cognition by enhancing short-term and long-term memory, suggesting the potential to mitigate age-related memory decline.