Article
Biology
Lance A. Riley, Xiping Zhang, Collin M. Douglas, Joseph M. Mijares, David W. Hammers, Christopher A. Wolff, Neil B. Wood, Hailey R. Olafson, Ping Du, Siegfried Labeit, Michael J. Previs, Eric T. Wang, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: This study reveals the connection between the molecular clock in skeletal muscle and sarcomere filaments, showing that the skeletal muscle clock regulates titin isoform through transcriptional regulation of RBM20 expression. This finding highlights a novel pathway for maintaining skeletal muscle structure and function.
Review
Neurosciences
Brendan M. Gabriel, Juleen R. Zierath
Summary: Metabolic health is influenced by innate physiology and environmental factors, with circadian physiology playing a key role in regulating diurnal hormones and metabolites. Skeletal muscle experiences significant diurnal variations due to physical activity and external Zeitgebers. The intricate orchestration of circadian metabolism in skeletal muscle involves molecular pathways with diurnal variation, including the central role of the mitochondrion in regulating metabolites.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luz Marina Sanchez-Mendoza, Carlos Perez-Sanchez, Sandra Rodriguez-Lopez, Chary Lopez-Pedrera, Miguel Calvo-Rubio, Rafael de Cabo, Maria I. Buron, Jose A. Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose M. Villalba
Summary: The study investigates the effect of sex on metabolic adaptations induced by overexpression of CYB5R3 and the modulation of key markers related to mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. It was found that CYB5R3 overexpression leads to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as well as increased mitochondrial abundance in skeletal muscle. These beneficial actions are predominantly observed in females, with differences in NADH levels and the abundance of cytochrome c and DRP-1. The results also show ultrastructural changes in transgenic females, including an increase in the number and size of mitochondria.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tertius A. Kohn, Megan J. Anley, S'thandiwe N. Magwaza, Luqmaan Adamson, Louw C. Hoffman, Tertius S. Brand
Summary: This study analyzed muscle fiber type, fiber cross-sectional area, enzyme activities, and glycogen content in four muscles of 24 ostriches. The results showed similar proportions of type I and II fibers in all muscles, with the smallest fibers in the iliotibialis cranialis muscle. Citrate synthase activity was highest in the iliotibialis cranialis muscle and similar in the other muscles. 3-hydroxyacetyl Co A dehydrogenase activities were low in all muscles, indicating poor beta-oxidation. The iliotibialis cranialis muscle also had the lowest phosphofructokinase activity. Glycogen content varied within each muscle. These findings suggest that the ostrich muscles have low fat oxidation capacity and glycogen content, which could affect meat quality attributes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren Jun, Megan Robinson, Thangiah Geetha, Tom L. L. Broderick, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
Summary: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a prevalent issue in numerous pathological conditions and has significant implications for the health of society, particularly older adults. The detrimental effects of muscle atrophy include functional disability, increased fracture risk, decreased metabolic rate, and reduced bone density. This review article focuses on the prevalence and mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy, with particular emphasis on high-fat, high-sugar diets, obesity, and diabetes, as well as other conditions such as sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease, cancer cachexia, and heart failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qi Liu, Su Pan, Pengyang Li, Richard A. F. Dixon
Summary: Metabolic plasticity is crucial for cell survival in a harsh environment. In this study, we investigated the effect of Hippo pathway inhibition on cell adaptations under challenging conditions. We found that Hippo pathway inhibition enhanced ATP production, mitochondrial parameters, glycolysis, and glycolytic reserves in cells. The inhibition also upregulated metabolic pathways to support increased energy production and counteract oxidative stress. Additionally, cells showed the ability to increase fatty acid oxidation or glucose-coupled oxidative phosphorylation to compensate for substrate limitations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huiting Wei, Di Cui
Summary: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance disrupts glucose homeostasis and is associated with pyroptosis. While pyroptosis can eliminate pathogenic factors, excessive activation can aggravate inflammatory responses. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between pyroptosis and skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
D. Wilkinson, I. J. Gallagher, A. McNelly, D. E. Bear, N. Hart, H. E. Montgomery, A. Le Guennec, M. R. Conte, T. Francis, S. D. R. Harridge, P. J. Atherton, Z. A. Puthucheary
Summary: Intermittent feeding did not alter metabolite patterns compared to continuous feeding in critically ill patients, suggesting that further research should focus on the clinical process benefits or extended gut rest and fasting.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abigail L. Tice, Joseph A. Laudato, Debra A. Fadool, Bradley S. Gordon, Jennifer L. Steiner
Summary: This study demonstrates that acute alcohol intoxication immediately alters whole body metabolism, coinciding with rapid changes in the skeletal muscle macronutrient gene signature for at least 48 h postbinge, and that this response diverges from hepatic effects and those of a fasted animal.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wataru Aoi, Yuko Tanimura
Summary: This passage highlights the importance of muscle-derived exosomes in regulating target protein expression and activity associated with metabolism and immune function. It also discusses the altered levels of circulating exosomes and their contents in muscle disorders and metabolic-related states, suggesting their potential as biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sakuka Tsukamoto-Sen, Shinpei Kawakami, Hiroko Maruki-Uchida, Ryouichi Ito, Naoko Matsui, Yuki Komiya, Yoshitaka Mita, Mizuki Morisasa, Naoko Goto-Inoue, Yasuro Furuichi, Yasuko Manabe, Minoru Morita, Nobuharu L. Fujii
Summary: Antioxidant supplementation can alleviate age-related muscle function changes, including increased fat oxidation and locomotor activity, and reduced oxidative stress.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea Dalmao-Fernandez, Aleksandra Aizenshtadt, Hege G. G. Bakke, Stefan Krauss, Arild C. C. Rustan, G. Hege Thoresen, Eili Tranheim Kase
Summary: This study aimed to develop and characterize a skeletal muscle 3D cell model called myospheres for studying molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism. The myospheres showed structural and molecular characteristics of mature skeletal muscle and exhibited significant metabolic differences compared to the 2D myotubes model. These findings highlight the importance of considering model differences when studying energy metabolism and metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Colleen O'Reilly, Ligen Lin, Hongying Wang, James Fluckey, Yuxiang Sun
Summary: The hormone ghrelin has various effects on the health and disease, and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), plays a role in the metabolic dysfunction of aging adipose tissues. This study explores the impact of GHS-R on the metabolic functions of aging skeletal muscle and its potential regulation through the myokine irisin.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Santosh Kumari, Matthew Bubak, Hayden M. Schoenberg, Arik Davidyan, Christian J. Elliehausen, Katrin G. Kuhn, Timothy M. VanWagoner, Rowan Karaman, Robert Hal Scofield, Benjamin F. Miller, Adam R. Konopka
Summary: Metformin treatment has varied effects on insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations in older adults, depending on their initial insulin status. This clinical trial aims to determine the impact of metformin monotherapy on metabolic health and cellular mechanisms involved in aging, independent of exercise. Findings from this trial will inform larger Phase 3 clinical trials exploring aging as a treatment indication for metformin.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shengnan Shen, Qiwen Liao, Xiuping Chen, Cheng Peng, Ligen Lin
Summary: This review summarizes the roles of irisin in regulating glucose metabolism, neuroplasticity, satiety, cell function, bone remodeling, and adipose tissue function. Irisin acts as a key communicator between skeletal muscle and other organs, and manipulating its levels could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jan-Frieder Harmsen, Christopher Latella, Ricardo Mesquita, Alessandro Fasse, Moritz Schumann, Michael Behringer, Janet Taylor, Kazunori Nosaka
Summary: This study found that the acute effects of muscle cramping induced by maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the amplitude of Hoffmann reflexes (H-reflex) and compound muscle action potentials (M-wave) were inconsistent. While MVIC-induced muscle cramps reduced H-reflex amplitude, muscle stretch to end cramping was a potential contributing factor, whereas NMES may potentiate H-reflexes and obscure cramp-related changes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan-Frieder Harmsen, Nynke van Polanen, Michel van Weeghel, Jakob Wefers, Joris Hoeks, Frederic M. Vaz, Mia L. Pras-Raves, Antoine H. C. van Kampen, Gert Schaart, Dirk van Moorsel, Jan Hansen, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Riekelt H. Houtkooper, Patrick Schrauwen
Summary: The study found that simulated shift work disrupts the skeletal muscle lipidome, potentially contributing to misalignment-induced insulin resistance.
Article
Physiology
Andrew J. Bryant, Elnaz Ebrahimi, Amy Nguyen, Christopher A. Wolff, Michelle L. Gumz, Andrew C. Liu, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: This review highlights the common pathways in circadian biology relevant to pulmonary hypertension, focusing on specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock and cell-specific changes. The aim is to optimize medical therapy and improve survival rates for patients with this disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Elizabeth A. Schroder, Don E. Burgess, Sidney R. Johnson, Makoto Ono, Tanya Seward, Claude S. Elayi, Karyn A. Esser, Brian P. Delisle
Summary: Cardiac electrophysiological studies have shown that time-restricted feeding affects heart rate and ventricular repolarization in mice, but the cardiomyocyte circadian clock mechanism does not drive these changes. However, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock mechanism plays a crucial role in preventing excessive QT-interval prolongation, especially at slow heart rates.
CHRONOBIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jan-Frieder Harmsen, Jakob Wefers, Daniel Doligkeit, Luc Schlangen, Bas Dautzenberg, Pascal Rense, Dirk van Moorsel, Joris Hoeks, Esther Moonen-Kornips, Marijke C. M. Gordijn, Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt, Patrick Schrauwen
Summary: The study found that bright lighting during the day and dim lighting at night can alter postprandial substrate handling, energy expenditure, and thermoregulation of overweight insulin-resistant individuals. Differences in light intensity have effects on various metabolic parameters and body temperature, indicating the importance of the indoor light environment for metabolic health in at-risk populations.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jan-Frieder Harmsen, Anna Sistig, Alessandro Fasse, Michael Hackl, Kilian Wegmann, Michael Behringer
Summary: Regular NMES of the calf muscles can reduce leg cramps in patients with LSS/LDH, even at low stimulation intensity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gene Ryan Crislip, Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth, Christopher A. Wolff, Miguel A. Gutierrez-Monreal, Collin M. Douglas, Elnaz Ebrahimi, Kit-Yan Cheng, Sarah H. Masten, Dominique Barral, Andrew J. Bryant, Karyn A. Esser, Michelle L. Gumz
Summary: The study found that iMS-BMAL1 KO mice exhibited an aging phenotype with no renal phenotype, and their response to low potassium diet and phase advance in renal function was similar to the control group, indicating that disruption of the clock in skeletal muscle does not lead to significant renal injury.
Review
Neurosciences
Elizabeth A. Schroder, Makoto Ono, Sidney R. Johnson, Ezekiel R. Rozmus, Don E. Burgess, Karyn A. Esser, Brian P. Delisle
Summary: This article focuses on the impact of circadian rhythms, environmental and behavioral changes on 24-hour rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. The circadian clock in cardiomyocytes regulates the expression of cardiac ion channels, influences the sinoatrial node excitability and the duration of the ventricular action potential waveform. However, autonomic signaling primarily drives the 24-hour rhythms. Changing rhythmic behaviors can significantly affect heart rate and ventricular repolarization. Targeting endogenous circadian mechanisms and modifying rhythmic behaviors may emerge as therapeutic strategies for regulating cardiac electrophysiology.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ryan A. Martin, Mark R. Viggars, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: The skeletal muscle clock plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle and systemic energy metabolism. Exercise timing can affect the skeletal muscle clock, suggesting its potential as a chronotherapeutic strategy.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Christopher A. Wolff, Miguel A. Gutierrez-Monreal, Lingsong Meng, Xiping Zhang, Lauren G. Douma, Hannah M. Costello, Collin M. Douglas, Elnaz Ebrahimi, Ann Pham, Aline C. Oliveira, Chunhua Fu, Amy Nguyen, Bryan R. Alava, Stuart J. Hesketh, Andrew R. Morris, Mehari M. Endale, G. Ryan Crislip, Kit-yan Cheng, Elizabeth A. Schroder, Brian P. Delisle, Andrew J. Bryant, Michelle L. Gumz, Zhiguang Huo, Andrew C. Liu, Karyn A. Esser
Summary: Cellular circadian clocks regulate daily transcriptional program and are important for maintaining homeostasis and resilience. Age-related changes in circadian functions have been observed. This study characterized age-dependent changes in the circadian transcriptome in multiple tissues, revealing tissue-specific alterations in clock output and decreased number of rhythmically expressed genes (REGs) with aging. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different times of day identified distinct gene expression patterns, with increased variability in aged tissues. This study expands our understanding of aging and highlights the impact of aging on circadian clock function and temporal gene expression changes.
Article
Cell Biology
Jan-Frieder Harmsen, Michel van Weeghel, Rex Parsons, Georges E. Janssens, Jakob Wefers, Dirk van Moorsel, Jan Hansen, Joris Hoeks, Matthijs K. C. Hesselink, Riekelt H. Houtkooper, Patrick Schrauwen
Summary: This study investigates the 24-hour muscle metabolome in young, healthy men and older, metabolically compromised men. The results show that metabolites involved in glycolysis and hexosamine biosynthesis are increased in the metabolically compromised men, while metabolites related to glutamine-alpha-ketoglutarate, ketone, and redox metabolism are decreased. The findings suggest a plasticity of the skeletal muscle metabolome over the 24-hour period and significant differences between healthy and metabolically compromised individuals.
Review
Neurosciences
Francielly Morena da Silva, Karyn A. Esser, Kevin A. Murach, Nicholas P. Greene
Summary: Circadian rhythms are controlled by a molecular mechanism called the circadian clock, which is composed of a network of transcription-translation feedback loops. The core clock genes regulate gene expression and play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Physiology
G. Ryan Crislip, Jermaine G. Johnston, Lauren G. Douma, Hannah M. Costello, Alexandria Juffre, Kyla Boyd, Wendy Li, Cheoting C. Maugans, Miguel Gutierrez-Monreal, Karyn A. Esser, Andrew J. Bryant, Andrew C. Liu, Michelle L. Gumz
Summary: This article reviews the impact of circadian rhythms on physiological function in humans and discusses findings from cell and rodent models.
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Venugopalan D. Nair, Mital Vasoya, Vishnu Nair, Gregory R. Smith, Hanna Pincas, Yongchao Ge, Collin M. Douglas, Karyn A. Esser, Stuart C. Sealfon
Summary: In this study, a modified Omni-ATAC protocol was developed for chromatin accessibility analysis in rat adipose and muscle tissues, achieving high data reproducibility. The improved technique allows for rapid analysis of frozen rat tissues and provides improved data quality compared to the original Omni-ATAC protocol.
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
J. -F. Harmsen, M. van Weeghel, J. Wefers, J. Hoeks, R. H. Houtkooper, P. Schrauwen