Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Jesus M. Lopez, Paula Carballeira, Javier Pozo, Gonzalo Leon-Espinosa, Alberto Munoz
Summary: Hibernation is a regulated process with drops in body temperature and metabolic rate, and reduced neural activity. The orexinergic system plays a role in regulating hibernation, with different activity levels in different phases.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muthmainah Muthmainah, Andrea Gogos, Priya Sumithran, Robyn M. Brown
Summary: Orexins play a crucial role in regulating eating behavior beyond homeostatic feeding, including reward and motivation. Studies have shown the involvement of orexins in hedonic and appetitive behavior towards palatable food. There is a bias towards studies involving male subjects in the literature, highlighting the need for future research to include female subjects.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Christian D. Harding, Yossi Yovel, Stuart N. Peirson, Talya D. Hackett, Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy
Summary: This article reexamines the evidence for the characterization of bats as extreme sleepers and discusses whether it accurately represents the sleep behavior of Chiroptera. The study finds interspecific variation in sleep duration among bats and suggests the need for future research in naturalistic environments.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Waliszewska-Prosol, Marta Nowakowska-Kotas, Justyna Chojdak-Lukasiewicz, Slawomir Budrewicz
Summary: Migraine and sleep disorders are common chronic diseases with significant negative impacts on society and economy. The association between them is observed but not fully understood, with recent progress in understanding common anatomical structures and pathogenetic mechanisms. Better understanding of these mechanisms in the future will expand treatment options.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Kniazkina, Vyacheslav Dyachuk
Summary: Sleep-wake cycle disorders are an important symptom of neurological diseases. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation is crucial for brain function and may lead to new treatments for sleep-related diseases. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is involved in the modulation of the sleep-wake cycle in vertebrates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Jan S. Boratynski, Karolina Iwinska, Paulina A. Szafranska, Piotr Chibowski, Wieslaw Bogdanowicz
Summary: Small mammals have different strategies for coping with harsh winters, with some reducing self-maintenance costs of normothermy and others entering torpor. Intraspecific variation in resting metabolic rate and body temperature within populations may be influenced by environmental factors and individual developmental stages. High metabolism in winter supports growth in smaller animals, while torpor serves as a compensatory mechanism.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wei-Xiang Ma, Ping-Chuan Yuan, Hui Zhang, Ling-Xi Kong, Michael Lazarus, Wei-Min Qu, Yi-Qun Wang, Zhi-Li Huang
Summary: Sleep, torpor, and hibernation are distinct hypometabolic states with similar physiological features. Adenosine and its receptors, known as P1 receptors, appear to play a role in initiating and maintaining these states. This review investigates the neurobiological mechanisms of adenosine and P1 receptors in sleep, torpor, and hibernation, which could have implications for sleep disorders, therapeutic hypothermia, and aerospace medicine.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yi-Ge Huang, Sarah J. Flaherty, Carina A. Pothecary, Russell G. Foster, Stuart N. Peirson, Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy
Summary: The study found that during fasting-induced torpor, mice showed progressively deeper and longer bouts of hypothermia, affecting EEG and EMG. Despite a decrease in REM sleep during deep hypothermia, intense bursts of muscle activity were observed. These findings suggest important similarities between EEG signatures of fasting-induced torpor in mice and hibernation in other species.
Review
Physiology
Itamar B. Dias, Hjalmar R. Bouma, Robert H. Henning
Summary: This passage discusses the similarities between tissue-resident stem cells entering a dormant state and hibernating animals using dormancy to cope with environmental stresses. It compares the molecular mechanisms of cellular quiescence and torpor, including cell cycle suppression, metabolic changes, and cellular coping mechanisms for damage. The shared factors between hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and torpor are reversible activation of cell cycle inhibiting factors, metabolic shift, downregulation of mitochondrial activity, key changes in hypoxia-inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1 alpha), mTOR, reversible protein phosphorylation and autophagy, and increased radiation resistance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdulmohsen Alterki, Mohamed Abu-Farha, Eman Al Shawaf, Fahd Al-Mulla, Jehad Abubaker
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent but underdiagnosed disorder that disrupts the circadian rhythm and is characterized by frequent interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to systemic consequences. OSA is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and it is also linked to obesity. The pathogenesis of both OSA and obesity involve oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Miaochan Lao, Qiong Ou, Guangliang Shan, Murui Zheng, Guo Pei, Yanxia Xu, Longlong Wang, Jiaoying Tan, Bin Lu
Summary: This study found that pulse rate variability (PRV) parameters can be specific predictors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Particularly, for elderly SDB patients, pulse-to-pulse interval differences (PNN50) can serve as a potent biomarker for CVD risk, even without traditional CVD risk factors.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Genevieve E. Marsden, M. Corrie Schoeman, Dalene Vosloo
Summary: This study investigated the rewarming rates of seven insectivorous bat species along an altitude gradient in South Africa and found no significant relationship with altitude. However, it did find that males rewarm more rapidly than females at low temperatures.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Gregory C. Bogdanis, Pinelopi S. Stavrinou, Spyridon Tsirigkakis, Vassilis Mougios, Todd A. Astorino, George Mastorakos
Summary: The study compared the effects of different high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols and an isoenergetic continuous exercise protocol on metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses. The results showed that bout duration in HIIE has a significant impact on metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses, as well as blood lactate concentration.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Yifan Ding, Zhaohua Zhang, Zhirui Chen
Summary: Ventilation preferences and cooling effects in different body segments at different metabolic rates were studied. The study found that different body segments have different preferences for ventilation temperature and speed. The back preferred lower ventilation temperatures and higher ventilation speeds at high metabolic intensity. The lower back and chest were considered optimal ventilation body segments for higher overall thermal comfort. This study contributes to the optimization of personal ventilated cooling garments for different metabolism scenarios.
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Huwiler, Manuel Carro Dominguez, Silja Huwyler, Luca Kiener, Fabia M. Stich, Rossella Sala, Florent Aziri, Anna Trippel, Christian Schmied, Reto Huber, Nicole Wenderoth, Caroline Lustenberger
Summary: Slow-wave activity (SWA) during deep nonrapid eye movement sleep plays a key role in the restorative effects of sleep on the brain and body. This study investigated the effects of auditory slow-wave stimulation on SWA and cardiovascular function during sleep. The results showed that auditory stimulation significantly increased SWA and had a positive impact on cardiovascular activity. However, further research is needed to determine whether the increased restorative capacity through slow-wave enhancements translates into improved cardiovascular function on the following day.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandro Silvani, Luca Baldelli, Giulia Giannini, Pietro Guaraldi, Luisa Sambati, Annagrazia Cecere, Francesco Mignani, Pietro Cortelli, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Federica Provini
Summary: Patients with multiple system atrophy exhibit pervasive muscle activity during sleep, involving axial and limb muscles, and occurring not only during REM sleep but also during non-REM sleep.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Clinical Neurology
Giovanni Zamboni, Emanuele Perez, Roberto Amici
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Maria P. Mogavero, Alessandro Silvani, Giuseppe Lanza, Lourdes M. DelRosso, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Raffaele Ferri
Summary: After describing orexins and their roles in sleep and medical disorders, the article discusses the clinical evidence on the effects of DORAs and SORAs on insomnia to provide recommendations for further assessment in personalized and precision medicine. Trials with orexin receptor antagonists have shown potential as a valid therapeutic option for insomnia in various medical conditions, but more studies are needed to determine the most suitable options for different patient populations.
NATURE AND SCIENCE OF SLEEP
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Chiara Berteotti, Carmen Calvello, Claudio Liguori
Summary: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects patients of all ages and is associated with reduced quality of life and comorbidities. Sleep impairment is frequently observed in epilepsy patients, and the relationship between sleep and epilepsy is bidirectional. The orexin system, which plays a role in controlling the sleep-wake cycle, may be affected in epilepsy patients. Clinical studies have shown inconsistent results due to different methodologies in quantifying orexin levels. Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) have been suggested as a potential treatment for sleep impairment and insomnia in epilepsy patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuela Loi, Stefano Bastianini, Giulia Candini, Nicola Rizzardi, Giorgio Medici, Valentina Papa, Laura Gennaccaro, Nicola Mottolese, Marianna Tassinari, Beatrice Uguagliati, Chiara Berteotti, Viviana Lo Martire, Giovanna Zoccoli, Giovanna Cenacchi, Stefania Trazzi, Christian Bergamini, Elisabetta Ciani
Summary: CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in the CDKL5 gene. Mouse models of CDD have helped understand the role of CDKL5 in brain development and function. This study reveals cardiac alterations in Cdkl5 +/- mice, including prolonged QT interval, increased heart rate, fibrosis, altered gap junction organization, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ROS production. These findings provide new insights into the function of CDKL5 in heart structure/function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vittoria Schirinzi, Carolina Poli, Chiara Berteotti, Alessandro Leone
Summary: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity indicates that current strategies are insufficient to tackle this epidemic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is receiving attention as a potential weapon against obesity. Research is focused on developing strategies to increase BAT activity and energy expenditure. This review summarizes knowledge on molecules that promote white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and assesses the potential role of thermogenic nutraceuticals in combating obesity.
Article
Physiology
Fabio Squarcio, Timna Hitrec, Emiliana Piscitiello, Matteo Cerri, Catia Giovannini, Davide Martelli, Alessandra Occhinegro, Ludovico Taddei, Domenico Tupone, Roberto Amici, Marco Luppi
Summary: The study reveals that synthetic torpor induces reversible hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in the rat brain, involving various cellular and systemic factors. This process is accompanied by transient neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alessandro Silvani, Isabelle Lambert, Anna Heidbreder, Yves Dauvilliers, Lucie Barateau
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of autonomic dysfunctions in central disorders of hypersomnolence, including narcolepsy type 1 and type 2, idiopathic hypersomnia, and Kleine-Levin syndrome. Recent studies have assessed autonomic symptoms in large cohorts of patients and found that autonomic impairment is frequent in these disorders. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are not fully understood and further research is needed to understand the effects of wake-promoting agents on the autonomic nervous system.
CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matteo Cerri, Jurgen Bereiter-Hahn, Gerhard Heldmaier, Alexander Chouker, Leopold Summerer
Article
Physiology
Timna Hitrec, Fabio Squarcio, Emiliana Piscitiello, Matteo Cerri, Davide Martelli, Alessandra Occhinegro, Ludovico Taddei, Domenico Tupone, Roberto Amici, Marco Luppi
Summary: A short-term sleep deprivation soon after regaining euthermia can enhance the reversibility of Tau protein hyperphosphorylation induced by torpor, possibly due to higher body temperature, melatonin levels, and resting phenotype of microglia. This finding suggests that sleep deprivation may boost a latent neuroprotective mechanism.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Fabio Squarcio, Timna Hitrec, Marco Luppi, Davide Martelli, Alessandra Occhinegro, Emiliana Piscitiello, Ludovico Taddei, Domenico Tupone, Roberto Amici, Matteo Cerri
Summary: Rats emit a distress call of 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalisation to warn their group of danger. Surprisingly, this study found that rats can emit these vocalisations during REM sleep, but not during non-REM sleep. The emission occurs during the expiratory phase and can happen singularly or as a train. This is the first report to demonstrate rats vocalising during REM sleep.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anggraeini Puspitasari, Fabio Squarcio, Martina Quartieri, Cristina Totis, Timna Hitrec, Akihisa Takahashi, Yukari Yoshida, Kenji Hanamura, Tomoko Yako, Matteo Cerri, Palma Simoniello, Marco Durante, Walter Tinganelli
Summary: Hibernation or torpor is a potential method to protect astronauts from space radiation, and it involves reducing skin temperature and increasing survival rate. Synthetic torpor also delays DNA repair and suppresses radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
A. Occhinegro, R. Amici, M. Cerri, T. Hitrec, D. Martelli, E. Piscitiello, F. Squarcio, L. Taddei, D. Tupone, M. Luppi