Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Machiko Suganuma, Alice R. Rumbold, Jacqueline Miller, Yan Fong Chong, Carmel T. Collins
Summary: Due to poor study quality, evidence on the effects of any human milk feeds or higher versus lower doses of human milk was inconclusive. Some studies suggest that lower doses of human milk may improve weight gain in infants during hospital admission compared to higher doses, while feeding exclusive preterm formula may lead to increased head circumference growth in infants. The clinical significance of these findings remains unclear, and further research is needed to determine the effects of an exclusive human milk diet on outcomes.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jie Ma, Debra J. J. Palmer, Donna Geddes, Ching Tat Lai, Lisa Stinson
Summary: Infant growth trajectory may influence later-life obesity, and bioactive components in human milk, such as microbiota, oligosaccharides, fatty acids, and antimicrobial proteins, play a role in infant gut microbiome and metabolism, potentially affecting the development of obesity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
D. Mallardi, C. Tabasso, P. Piemontese, S. Morandi, T. Silvetti, F. Biscarini, P. Cremonesi, B. Castiglioni, V Pica, M. Stuknyte, I De Noni, O. Amato, N. Liotto, F. Mosca, P. Roggero
Summary: The study showed that inoculating PDHM with mother's own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize the human milk microbiome in PDHM. This personalized effect is beneficial due to the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria in the milk, making PDHM more similar to the mother's own milk.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yannik Bernd Schoenknecht, Maria Virginia Moreno Tovar, Stina Rikke Jensen, Katja Parschat
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the health outcomes of clinical trials involving the supplementation of manufactured HMOs. The trials found that HMO supplementation is safe and well tolerated, with beneficial effects on gut health and immune system in infants and other populations. Further research is needed to substantiate these effects and understand their structure and dose dependency.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalie S. Shenker, Alvaro Perdones-Montero, Adam Burke, Sarah Stickland, Julie A. K. McDonald, Simon J. S. Cameron
Summary: Given the long-term benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, promoting and supporting breastfeeding is beneficial for both individuals and public health. However, there is a lack of data on human milk composition during tandem feeding. This study compared the composition of human milk samples from tandem feeding dyads and exclusively breastfeeding single nursling dyads. The results showed no significant differences between the two groups, including comparisons of different aged nurslings. These findings support the practice of tandem feeding, even in infants under six months.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Miriam Aguilar-Lopez, Christine Wetzel, Alissa MacDonald, Thao T. B. Ho, Sharon M. Donovan
Summary: This study aimed to compare the metagenomic potential of the fecal microbiome of preterm infants consuming mother's own milk (MOM) with bovine milk-based fortifier versus preterm formula alone. The results showed that pathways for fatty acid and carbohydrate degradation were significantly higher in the MOM group compared to the formula group. Taxonomically, members of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Bifidobacterium were higher in preterm infants exposed to MOM.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Yoshitaka Murota, Christian Jobin
Summary: In this study, it was found that intratumoral bacteria disrupt the gut vascular barrier, leading to bacterial dissemination to the liver and the formation of a premetastatic niche, which facilitates the recruitment of metastatic cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Banic, Katarina Butorac, Nina Culjak, Andreja Lebos Pavunc, Jasna Novak, Barbara Bellich, Sasa Kazazic, Snjezana Kazazic, Paola Cescutti, Jagoda Suskovic, Jurica Zucko, Blazenka Kos
Summary: Human milk provides a balanced nutrition and bacteria that contribute to the establishment of infant gut microbiota. Microbiome analysis shows a connection in microbiome composition between mother-milked infant pairs, and the composition of milk and fecal microbiomes change during lactation and infant development. Additionally, human milk contains strains of bacteria that express potential therapeutic biomolecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ryan M. Pace, Janet E. Williams, Bianca Robertson, Kimberly A. Lackey, Courtney L. Meehan, William J. Price, James A. Foster, Daniel W. Sellen, Elizabeth W. Kamau-Mbuthia, Egidioh W. Kamundia, Samwel Mbugua, Sophie E. Moore, Andrew M. Prentice, Debela G. Kita, Linda J. Kvist, Gloria E. Otoo, Lorena Ruiz, Juan M. Rodriguez, Rossina G. Pareja, Mark A. McGuire, Lars Bode, Michelle K. McGuire
Summary: Previous studies have shown that human milk composition, including HMOs, lactose, and protein, varies by geography, and these factors are associated with differences in milk and infant fecal microbial community structures. Geographic location strongly influences the microbial composition of milk and infant feces, but samples can be categorized into a smaller number of community state types based on shared microbial profiles.
Article
Nursing
Katherine R. Standish, Ginny Combs, Marcy Mcmahon, Cheryl Slater, Lisa Zani, Christina Pindar, Karol Serafin, Margaret G. Parker, Barbara L. Philipp
Summary: Late preterm infants have lower breastfeeding rates and there are few interventions or guidelines for managing them in non-intensive nursery settings. This study developed and implemented an interdisciplinary breastfeeding support program, which increased nurses' attentiveness and confidence in caring for late preterm infants. However, well-designed clinical studies are needed to identify effective breastfeeding support practices.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel Taylor, Deirdre Keane, Paulina Borrego, Kathleen Arcaro
Summary: It is known that nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can influence the microbiome of breast milk and the infant gut microbiome, but the extent of the impact of maternal diet on these microbiomes is still not fully understood. To explore the associations between maternal diet and the breast milk and infant gut microbiomes, a comprehensive review of published literature was conducted. The review included cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, and a few other types of studies, with a total of 19 reports analyzed. While some studies supported the importance of a varied, nutrient-dense maternal diet in shaping the infant gut microbiome, others found that factors other than maternal diet had a greater impact.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Martina Penati, Giulia Sala, Filippo Biscarini, Antonio Boccardo, Valerio Bronzo, Bianca Castiglioni, Paola Cremonesi, Paolo Moroni, Davide Pravettoni, Maria Filippa Addis
Summary: Feeding pre-weaned calves with unpasteurized waste milk containing antibiotics leads to digestive issues and decreased microbial diversity, resulting in a higher incidence of neonatal diarrhea in calves.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ce Qi, Jingbo Zhou, Huayu Tu, Rundan Tu, Hong Chang, Jie Chen, Duo Li, Jin Sun, Renqiang Yu
Summary: Key anaerobic gut-associated bacteria are transmitted from the mother to the infant's gut during lactation, particularly in the colostrum phase. Other bacteria, such as Streptococcus salivarius, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus gasseri, can also be transferred between the maternal gut, breast milk, and newborn gut depending on specific amplicon sequence variants. This suggests that targeted isolation of key microorganisms from breast milk could be used to manipulate the microbiota of either breast milk or newborns for promoting neonatal health.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laurentya Olga, Janna A. van Diepen, Maciej Chichlowski, Clive J. Petry, Jacques Vervoort, David B. Dunger, Guus A. M. Kortman, Gabriele Gross, Ken K. Ong
Summary: This study investigated the origins and determining factors of butyrate in human milk and its influence on infant weight gain. The results showed that higher concentrations of butyrate in human milk were associated with lower infant weight and adiposity, especially in younger infants. Furthermore, the study found an inverse correlation between butyrate concentration and milk intake volume, suggesting a potential mechanism involving appetite regulation and modulation of milk intake.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiaoxi Fu, Amy L. Lovell, Andrea J. Braakhuis, Richard F. Mithen, Clare R. Wall
Summary: Inconsistent conclusions from studies on infant sleep and feeding may affect parents' decisions. This systematic review found that exclusively breastfed infants under 6 months had more night wakings, but no differences in sleep duration compared to formula-fed infants. However, after 6 months, breastfed infants slept less at night and over 24 hours compared to formula-fed infants, with no association found between the timing of introducing complementary foods and infant sleep duration.
Review
Immunology
Sara Federici, Samuel P. Nobs, Eran Elinav
Summary: Bacteriophages, as potential treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, have gained renewed interest in utilizing them as therapeutic vectors and modulators of the human microbiome, with advancements in understanding their mechanisms through next-generation sequencing. The narrow host range, antibacterial repertoire, and ease of manipulation of phages offer promising possibilities for targeted modulation of pathogenic, commensal, and pathobiont microbiome members for impacting mammalian physiology and immunity.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Danping Zheng, Lara Kern, Eran Elinav
Summary: NLRP6, a member of the NOD-like receptor family, acts as a cytosolic innate immune sensor recognizing microbial patterns. It can form an inflammasome to mediate the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also exerts functions independently of the inflammasome, playing a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
Article
Microbiology
Karina Ratiner, Suhaib K. Abdeen, Kim Goldenberg, Eran Elinav
Summary: The term 'old age' generally refers to a period characterized by profound changes in human physiological functions and susceptibility to disease. Quantifying aging based on life years does not necessarily reflect how the human body ages, while characterizing biological aging based on functional parameters may better reflect a person's physiological status and disease susceptibility. The gut microbiome changes along with physiological aging and may play a pivotal role in age-related diseases, and integration of gut microbiome data and host parameters using artificial intelligence and machine learning may enable more accurate definition of aging clocks.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karina Ratiner, Hagit Shapiro, Kim Goldenberg, Eran Elinav
Summary: Intermittent fasting is considered a promising treatment for cardiometabolic diseases and has positive effects on the gut microbiome and the host circadian clock. This review discusses the relationship between gut microbiome alterations and intermittent fasting's impact on mammalian metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the challenges of linking bacterial signals with dietary cues and incorporating microbiome into precision medicine.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Uria Mor, Yotam Cohen, Rafael Valdes-Mas, Denise Kviatcovsky, Eran Elinav, Haim Avron
Summary: Longitudinal 'omics analytical methods are widely used in precision medicine to analyze complex datasets and uncover individual variations in response to perturbations. However, technical limitations often generate feature-rich and sample-limited datasets that are challenging to analyze using conventional methods. This study presents TCAM, a new unsupervised tensor factorization method, which preserves the geometric and statistical traits of the data and allows for out-of-sample extension. re-analyses of real-world datasets confirm TCAM's utility in analyzing longitudinal 'omics data.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hagit Shapiro, Kim Goldenberg, Karina Ratiner, Eran Elinav
Summary: Smoking is associated with increased risks of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, and it can impact the composition and function of the microbiome in various parts of the body. Understanding the role of the microbiome can aid in developing rational therapies for smoking-related diseases and smoking cessation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Igor Spivak, Leviel Fluhr, Eran Elinav
Summary: Microbiomes form distinct ecosystems within their hosts and can impact the host's physiology through metabolite production, which may have therapeutic applications.
Review
Physiology
Dragos Ciocan, Eran Elinav
Summary: The gut microbiota, composed of various microorganisms, has a significant impact on host metabolism and disease development. It can either have harmful effects or provide benefits to the host. Recently, therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota, such as the use of engineered bacteria, have been developed to modulate the microbiota for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Avner Leshem, Eran Elinav
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Lara Kern, Denise Kviatcovsky, Yiming He, Eran Elinav
Summary: The impact of restrictive diets on gut microbiota composition and function, as well as their overall influences on host health and disease risk, are discussed. The evidence of long-term efficacy, adverse effects, and mechanisms of activity of caloric restriction and related diets is currently incomplete.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aurelia Saftien, Jens Puschhof, Eran Elinav
Summary: This review highlights the potential role of commensal and pathogenic fungi in modulating cancer-related processes and explores the mechanisms by which fungi influence tumor biology. It discusses the prospects of using fungi-related molecular signatures in cancer diagnosis, patient stratification, and assessment of treatment responsiveness. The review also emphasizes the challenges and limitations in conducting such research. Overall, it demonstrates that fungi likely play significant roles in mucosal and tumor-residing microbiomes and suggests the potential utilization of fungal inter-kingdom interactions in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens Puschhof, Eran Elinav
Summary: Human microbiome research is transitioning from association-based studies to understanding the effects of active strains on the human body. Despite challenges, progress has been made in utilizing data-driven microbiome diagnostics and interventions, potentially leading to breakthroughs in precision medicine in the next decade.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hadar Bootz-Maoz, Ariel Simon, Sara Del Mare-Roumani, Yifat Bennet, Einat Toister, Hadar Romano, Danping Zheng, Sivan Amidror, Eran Elinav, Nissan Yissachar
Summary: In this study, the researchers developed an ex vivo intestinal permeability assay, X-IPA, for quantitative analysis of gut permeability dynamics. They found that specific gut microbes and metabolites can rapidly and dose-dependently increase gut permeability, providing a powerful tool for investigating barrier functions.
NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lena Schorr, Marius Mathies, Eran Elinav, Jens Puschhof
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that some human cancers may contain low-biomass microbial ecosystems, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria, being the most studied group, are found to localize within cancer cells, immune cells, and other tumor microenvironment cell types, potentially impacting various cancer-related functions. By integrating sequencing-based and spatial techniques, the identification of bacterial tumor niches is made possible. However, proving the existence and function of intratumoral microbes in cancer remains a challenge.
NPJ BIOFILMS AND MICROBIOMES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Sahana Asokan, Nyssa Cullin, Christoph K. Stein-Thoeringer, Eran Elinav
