Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aarif Ali, Manzoor Ur Rahman Mir, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Saima Mushtaq, Sarah I. Bukhari, Sultan Alshehri, Shahzada Mudasir Rashid, Tahir Maqbool Mir, Muneeb U. Rehman
Summary: This study investigated the impact of bovine subclinical mastitis on milk composition and quality using metabolomics analysis and pathogen identification. The results revealed significant increases in milk electrical conductivity and pH, as well as decreases in fat and protein content in animals with subclinical mastitis compared to healthy animals. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were identified as the predominant pathogens, showing differential sensitivity to antibiotics.
Article
Microbiology
Yaping Wang, Miao An, Zhao Zhang, Wenqian Zhang, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar, Mudassar Iqbal, Yuanyuan He, Feiran Li, Tianwu An, Huade Li, Xiaolin Luo, Shan Yang, Jiakui Li
Summary: This study investigates the performance of probiotics as a beneficial management strategy in yaks' calves. The results show that probiotic supplements have a positive impact on growth performance, improve serum antioxidants and biochemical properties, and promote gut microbiota/metabolites. These findings provide valuable insights into the importance of probiotics in understanding the gut microbiome, metabolome, and host phenotype.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ce Qi, Jingbo Zhou, Huayu Tu, Rundan Tu, Hong Chang, Jie Chen, Duo Li, Jin Sun, Renqiang Yu
Summary: Key anaerobic gut-associated bacteria are transmitted from the mother to the infant's gut during lactation, particularly in the colostrum phase. Other bacteria, such as Streptococcus salivarius, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus gasseri, can also be transferred between the maternal gut, breast milk, and newborn gut depending on specific amplicon sequence variants. This suggests that targeted isolation of key microorganisms from breast milk could be used to manipulate the microbiota of either breast milk or newborns for promoting neonatal health.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Elisa Scarsella, Alfonso Zecconi, Michela Cintio, Bruno Stefanon
Summary: Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland caused by microorganisms, and recent studies have hypothesized a potential bacterial crossing from the gut to the mammary gland. This research aimed to investigate this phenomenon through microbiome analysis of feces, blood, and milk from cows with different udder health conditions. Results did not confirm the bacterial crossing from gut to milk, and beta biodiversity analysis indicated microbial community changes in the milk of cows with different health conditions. Further investigation is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yufeng Du, Ya Gao, Mingyang Hu, Jinxiu Hou, Linhai Yang, Xianghuang Wang, Wenjuan Du, Jianxin Liu, Qingbiao Xu
Summary: Colonization and development of the gut microbiome are essential for the growth and health of calves. This review summarized the colonization, beneficial nutrition, immune function, gut barrier function, and evolution of core microbiota in the gut of calves of different ages. Homeostasis of the gut microbiome is beneficial for the nutritional and immune system development of calves. Disruption of the gut microbiome leads to digestive diseases in calves, such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. Colonization of microbiota in the gut of calves is influenced by various factors, including probiotics, diet, age, and genotype. The interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system of calves is crucial for colonization. The abundance and diversity of commensal microbiota play a critical role in the health of calves.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mariya Gryaznova, Mikhail Y. Syromyatnikov, Yulia D. Dvoretskaya, Sergey A. Solodskikh, Nikolay T. Klimov, Vitaliy Mikhalev, Vitaliy Zimnikov, Evgeniy Mikhaylov, Vasily N. Popov
Summary: Mastitis is the most common disease for cattle, with recent studies indicating its multi-agent and microbiome diversity. Specific genera such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus may be associated with subclinical mastitis, while an increase in abundance of Staphylococcus and Microbacterium genera could be an early sign of infection. This study also identified an increase in certain genera like Colidextribacter, Paeniclostridium, and Turicibacter in cows with mastitis, expanding our understanding of the role of the microbiome in this disease.
Article
Microbiology
Tae Woong Whon, Hyun Sik Kim, Na-Ri Shin, Hojun Sung, Min-Soo Kim, Joon Yong Kim, Woorim Kang, Pil Soo Kim, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hoon Je Seong, Woo Jun Sul, Seong Woon Roh, Jin-Woo Bae
Summary: Neonatal calf diarrhea is a major cause of economic loss for cattle producers worldwide, with multifactorial etiology making disease control challenging. The study reveals microbial compositional and functional dysbiosis in the gut of diarrheic calves, potentially contributing to the onset of diarrhea. Additionally, it suggests that prolonged expansion of nontoxigenic Enterobacteriaceae in the gut may play a role in the development of calf diarrhea.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Xiaomei Zong, Ya Gao, Yufeng Du, Jinxiu Hou, Linhai Yang, Qingbiao Xu
Summary: This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of milk-derived bioactive tripeptide VPP (Val-Pro-Pro) on the growth, diarrhea incidence, serum biochemical indices, short-chain fatty acids, and fecal microorganisms in pre-weaning Holstein calves. The results showed that oral administration of VPP can alleviate intestinal inflammation and reduce the degree of diarrhea in calves.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Winston E. Anthony, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Gautam Dantas, Jennie H. Kwon
Summary: This review discusses the gut as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance and pathogen colonization, with a focus on beta-lactam and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. It also explores the use of functional metagenomics and long-read sequencing technologies to detect and understand antimicrobial resistance genes within the gut microbiome, as well as the potential for future microbiome-directed methods for detecting and preventing infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Veronique Dupouy, Jean-Yves Madec, Jessica Wucher, Nathalie Arpaillange, Veronique Metayer, Beatrice Roques, Alain Bousquet-Melou, Marisa Haenni
Summary: This study highlighted the importance of both cefquinome exposure and initial ESBL colonization level in the ESBL selection and amplification process in calves' guts. It also demonstrated the dose-independent effect of cefquinome administration on the selection and amplification of ESBL-producing E. coli. The recovery of the blaCTX-M-1/IncI1 ST3 plasmid after cefquinome exposure suggests its epidemic success in this context.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lukasz Kaczorowski, Jolanta Powierska-Czarny, Lukasz Wolko, Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik, Pawel Cyplik, Jakub Czarny
Summary: This study analyzed the microbiome of raw milk from a semi-subsistence farm in Poland and found significant changes in the milk microbiome due to mastitis. The microbiome of milk from cows with subclinical mastitis differed significantly from that of healthy cows.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel Taylor, Deirdre Keane, Paulina Borrego, Kathleen Arcaro
Summary: It is known that nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can influence the microbiome of breast milk and the infant gut microbiome, but the extent of the impact of maternal diet on these microbiomes is still not fully understood. To explore the associations between maternal diet and the breast milk and infant gut microbiomes, a comprehensive review of published literature was conducted. The review included cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, and a few other types of studies, with a total of 19 reports analyzed. While some studies supported the importance of a varied, nutrient-dense maternal diet in shaping the infant gut microbiome, others found that factors other than maternal diet had a greater impact.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhengxin Ma, Shinyoung Lee, Peixin Fan, Yuting Zhai, Jaehyun Lim, Klibs N. Galvao, Corwin Nelson, Kwangcheol Casey Jeong
Summary: The study identified cephalosporin-resistant bacteria in milk samples from two dairy farms, but no strong relationship was observed between treatment failure rate and CRB prevalence. Metagenomic analysis showed no significant differences in microbiota diversities between cured and uncured cows, suggesting antibiotic-resistant bacteria were not the sole reason for antibiotic treatment failure.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yoowon Kwon, Young-Sun Cho, Yoo-Mi Lee, Seok-jin Kim, Jaewoong Bae, Su-Jin Jeong
Summary: This study evaluated the gut microbiome state in infants following systemic antibiotic treatment. The results showed that the composition of the gut microbiome in the antibiotic treatment group was altered, with increased relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and Bifidobacterium, and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides. Additionally, the antibiotic treatment group had lower microbiome diversity. Long-term studies are needed to further understand the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiome.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Barbara A. Roggenbeck, Lila K. Bull Chief, Seth T. Walk
Summary: Arsenic is a Group 1 human carcinogen and over 200 million people worldwide are exposed to unsafe levels of arsenic through contaminated drinking water. Both acute and chronic health outcomes related to arsenic exposure vary significantly among exposed individuals.
Article
Physiology
Alba Martin, F. Javier Giraldez, Paola Cremonesi, Bianca Castiglioni, Filippo Biscarini, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Nuria Santos, Sonia Andres
Summary: This study found that adding L-Carnitine to the diet during the fattening period of lambs fed with restricted feed can improve ruminal fermentation parameters, modulate gut microbiota, and enhance the health of the animals. However, the effects of L-Carnitine on feed efficiency were not significant, possibly due to the improved ruminal fermentation and increased intramuscular fat accumulation caused by L-Carnitine supplementation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Filippo Biscarini, Giulia Masetti, Ilaria Muller, Hedda Luise Verhasselt, Danila Covelli, Giuseppe Colucci, Lei Zhang, Mohd Shazli Draman, Onyebuchi Okosieme, Pete Taylor, Chantal Daumerie, Maria-Cristina Burlacu, Michele Marino, Daniel George Ezra, Petros Perros, Sue Plummer, Anja Eckstein, Mario Salvi, Julian R. Marchesi, Marian Ludgate
Summary: This study compared the fecal microbiota in patients with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves disease (GD) and varying severity of Graves orbitopathy (GO) with healthy controls. The results showed an increase in Actinobacteria and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in GD/GO patients compared to controls. A higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was observed in GD/GO. Longitudinal analysis revealed a correlation between the presence of certain bacteria (Clostridiales) at diagnosis and the persistence of thyroid antibodies even after antithyroid drug treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Guadagnini, P. Amodeo, F. Biscarini, A. Bolli, P. Moroni
Summary: This research evaluated the relationship between dry period length (DPL) and milk production, culling risk, and fertility using a dataset of 84,189 lactations. The results showed that a DPL of 40-49 days and 50-60 days resulted in the highest milk production at 60 days in milk (DIM) and the highest 305-day milk production. Additionally, a DPL of 40-49 days and 50-60 days had the greatest odds for pregnancy within the first 200 DIM. This study highlights the importance of DPL and its association with milk production, culling, and fertility.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Giulia Sala, Valerio Bronzo, Antonio Boccardo, Alessia Libera Gazzonis, Pierangelo Moretti, Vincenzo Ferrulli, Angelo Giovanni Belloli, Laura Filippone Pavesi, Gaia Pesenti Rossi, Davide Pravettoni
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance and differences among optical serum total protein (STP) concentration and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) activity for assessing failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in calves with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD). The results show that GGT activity is influenced by the age of calves, while STP is affected by dehydration. It is recommended to use GGT activity for diagnosis in dehydrated calves aged between 3 and 10 days.
VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Jose Ranilla, Sonia Andres, Chiara Gini, Filippo Biscarini, Cristina Saro, Alba Martin, Ivan Mateos, Secundino Lopez, F. Javier Giraldez, Latifa Abdennebi-Najar, David Pereira, Hanen Falleh, Riadh Ksouri, Paola Cremonesi, Bianca Castiglioni, Fabrizio Ceciliani
Summary: An in vitro trial was conducted to study the effects of natural Thymbra capitata essential oil and its main compounds on ruminal fermentation and the bacterial community. The results showed that the essential oil reduced the total volatile fatty acids, while methane production was not affected.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Stella Agradi, Paola Cremonesi, Laura Menchetti, Claudia Balzaretti, Marco Severgnini, Federica Riva, Bianca Castiglioni, Susanna Draghi, Alessia Di Giancamillo, Marta Castrica, Daniele Vigo, Silvia Clotilde Modina, Valentina Serra, Alda Quattrone, Elisa Angelucci, Grazia Pastorelli, Giulio Curone, Gabriele Brecchia
Summary: BC is a nutraceutical that can modulate intestinal microbiota. This study investigates the effects of BC diet supplementation on luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum, caecum, and colon of rabbits. Significant differences were found in the microbial composition of the three groups, especially in the caecum and colon of the 2.5% BC group. A functional prediction has revealed several altered pathways in BC groups, with particular reference to amino acids and lactose metabolism. Findings suggest that BC supplementation could positively affect the intestinal microbiota.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Antonio Boccardo, Salvatore Ferraro, Giulia Sala, Vincenzo Ferrulli, Davide Pravettoni, Sebastien Buczinski
Summary: The study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a scoring system for thoracic auscultation based on a standard lung sound nomenclature in diagnosing bronchopneumonia in calves, and found that a standardized definition improved the accuracy of thoracic auscultation for diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
El-Sayed M. Abdel-Kafy, Kamel I. Kamel, Marco Severgnini, Shama H. A. Morsy, Paola Cremonesi, Shereen S. Ghoneim, Gabriele Brecchia, Neama I. Ali, Yasmein Z. Abdel-Ghafar, Wael A. H. Ali, Hoda M. A. Shabaan
Summary: The microbiota, a large population of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and algae that colonizes an animal's body surface, plays an important physiological role in digestion, immune system development, and the overall health of the animal. This study evaluated the microbiota composition in the jejunum and cecum of two rabbit breeds with different growth rates and found significant differences in microbiota between the two regions. Additionally, the study identified specific correlations between certain bacterial genera and body weight and weight gain, highlighting the potential impact of microbiota on rabbit productivity.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Laura Filippone Pavesi, Claudia Pollera, Giulia Sala, Paola Cremonesi, Valentina Monistero, Filippo Biscarini, Valerio Bronzo
Summary: Recently, the use of antimicrobials on dairy farms has been significantly limited due to legislative and consumer concerns. This study investigates the effectiveness of selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) compared to blanket dry cow therapy (BDCT) on bovine udders in healthy animals. The results show that selective dry cow therapy can be conducted without increasing the risk of new intramammary infections or raising the somatic cell count at calving, as long as the cows are healthy and have a somatic cell count of >200,000 cells/mL in the previous lactation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sara Frazzini, Paola Cremonesi, Elena Scaglia, Bianca Castiglioni, Filippo Biscarini, Valeria Besana, Luciana Rossi
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a complete and well-balanced homemade diet supplemented with hulled hemp seeds on companion animals. The results reveal that the homemade diet improves digestibility, alters the microbiota structure, and reduces oxidative stress. This study highlights the potential benefits of hemp and homemade diets for companion animals.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Laura Bergantini, Margherita Baldassarri, Miriana d'Alessandro, Giulia Brunelli, Gaia Fabbri, Kristina Zguro, Andrea Degl'Innocenti, Chiara Fallerini, Elena Bargagli, Alessandra Renieri
Summary: This study found that up to 8.6% of severe COVID-19 patients carry ultra-rare variants of the RTEL1 gene and demonstrated how to recognize this subgroup. These patients show higher liver function indices, increased CRP and inflammatory markers, and a higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders. Additionally, their decreased diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide after six months of COVID-19 suggests that RTEL1 variants contribute to the development of SARS-CoV-2-induced lung fibrosis.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Salvatore Mastrangelo, Slim Ben-Jemaa, Francesco Perini, Filippo Cendron, Filippo Biscarini, Emiliano Lasagna, Mauro Penasa, Martino Cassandro
Summary: In this study, SNP data from the 600 K Affymetrix chicken array were used to detect signatures of selection in 23 local Italian chicken populations. The results revealed 15 candidate genomic regions potentially under selection, indicating local adaptation of these chicken populations. Some of the identified regions contained candidate genes related to environmental stress, immune responses, and disease resistance.
GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION
(2023)