Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taras Y. Nechitaylo, Mario Sandoval-Calderon, Tobias Engl, Natalie Wielsch, Diane M. Dunn, Alexander Goesmann, Erhard Strohm, Ales Svatos, Colin Dale, Robert B. Weiss, Martin Kaltenpoth
Summary: The study characterized the genomic architecture and functional gene content of a culturable symbiont in solitary beewolf wasps, revealing incipient genome erosion with frameshift mutations affecting more than a third of protein-coding genes. The symbiont also exhibited mutations in central metabolic pathways, resulting in auxotrophies, and differential expression analyses indicated overexpression of genes for antibiotic biosynthesis in the host environment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Pooja Singh, Vipul Mishra, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Francisco J. Corpas, Vijay Pratap Singh
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in plant development and stress response. Recent research by Li et al. showed that ROS production is regulated by receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK)-mediated phosphorylation of respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), which in turn modulates plant immunity and enhances biotic stress tolerance.
TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leticia Guadalupe Fragoso-Morales, Jose Correa-Basurto, Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernandez
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a major human dementia characterized by memory loss associated with oxidative stress in brain cells. Overexpression of NADPH oxidase in AD leads to the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, damaging brain cells and vasculature, making it a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Nuha Milad Ashtiwi, Demba Sarr, Balazs Rada
Summary: DUOX1, a member of NADPH oxidases, plays important physiological, immunological, and biochemical roles in the body. While predominantly expressed in epithelial lineages, DUOX1 is often silenced in epithelial-derived cancers due to epigenetic mechanisms. Studies suggest a causative relationship between DUOX1 function and disease pathophysiology.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony L. Sylvester, David X. Zhang, Sophia Ran, Natalya S. Zinkevich
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in health and disease, with both beneficial and harmful effects. Different sources of ROS have different roles in various pathologies. NOX1 is associated with hypertension through ROS production, making it a promising therapeutic target. NOX2 and NOX4 produce hydrogen peroxide, influencing cellular processes. Increased ROS production from NOX5 contributes to atherosclerosis.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Lishan Yao, Fangfang Ban, Shurui Peng, Dan Xu, Hongbo Li, Haizhen Mo, Liangbin Hu, Xiaohui Zhou
Summary: This study revealed an unexpected inhibitory role of ferrous sulfate on Aspergillus flavus and identified a pathway of exogenous Fe2+-triggered conidial ferroptosis mediated by NoxA of the fungus. This finding provides a potential alternative strategy to control this pathogen.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hassan Dakik, Maya El Dor, Joan Leclerc, Farah Kouzi, Ali Nehme, Margaux Deynoux, Christelle Debeissat, Georges Khamis, Elfi Ducrocq, Aida Ibrik, Marie-Jose Stasia, Houssam Raad, Hamid Reza Rezvani, Fabrice Gouilleux, Kazem Zibara, Olivier Herault, Frederic Mazurier
Summary: The study found that NOX2 is widely expressed in AML blasts, especially in certain types of cells, but less expressed in stem cells and relapsed AML. Endogenous NOX activity could not be detected without stimulation. Although CYBB knockdown affected NOX2 activity, it did not impact the proliferation and differentiation of THP-1 and HL-60 cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juergen W. Schoenborn, Fiona A. Stewart, Kerstin Maas Enriquez, Irfan Akhtar, Andrea Droste, Silvio Waschina, Mathias Beller
Summary: This study investigated the interactions between gut bacteria in the microbiome using fruit flies as a model organism. By sequencing the genomes of gut bacteria from fruit flies and conducting simulations and culturing experiments, they demonstrated the possibility of predicting growth-promoting cross-feeding among microbiome members.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ke Jin, Zhenke Wen, Bowen Wu, Hui Zhang, Jingtao Qiu, Yanan Wang, Kenneth J. Warrington, Gerald J. Berry, Jorg J. Goronzy, Cornelia M. Weyand
Summary: The dysfunction of CD8(+) regulatory T cells in autoimmune vasculitis is attributed to aberrant NOTCH4 signaling, leading to limited vesicular secretion of the enzyme NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and subsequent breakdown of tissue tolerance, resulting in aggressive vessel wall inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiyong Xie, Xianying Zhang, Miao Zhao, Lifang Huo, Meizhu Huang, Dapeng Li, Shuangfeng Zhang, Xinyu Cheng, Huating Gu, Chen Zhang, Fengchao Wang, Congping Shang, Peng Cao
Summary: This study identified molecularly defined gut-to-brain and brain circuits that mediate toxin-induced defensive responses and revealed that food poisoning and chemotherapy-induced defensive responses may recruit similar circuit modules.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xin Li, Xiaofen Liu, Peter Horvatovich, Yingwei Hu, Jing Zhang
Summary: Acinetobacter baumannii infection causes challenges in clinical treatment due to pneumonia, bloodstream infection, and urinary tract infection. The study found differentially expressed proteins related to host immune response after infection, including pathways of receptor recognition, NOX activation, and antimicrobial peptides. These findings suggest the important roles of NOX, neutrophils, and antimicrobial peptides in host response to A. baumannii infection.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiuchun Qiu, Daiqi Liu, Pengsha Li, Lingling Zhou, Lu Zhou, Xing Liu, Yue Zhang, Meng Yuan, Gary Tse, Guangping Li, Tong Liu
Summary: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study established a type 2 diabetes model and found that inhibiting NADPH oxidase can improve ventricular remodeling and reduce the incidence of DCM.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jose L. Martin, Aaqil Khan, Elena E. Grintsevich
Summary: Mical family enzymes are unique regulators of actin that promote filament disassembly and hydrogen peroxide generation. The intrinsic dynamics of Mical-oxidized actin isoforms vary, which is related to the patterns of hydrogen peroxide generation. Furthermore, actin stabilization is linked to the activation of MICALs' NADPH oxidase activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Evolutionary Biology
Cameron A. Smith, Ben Ashby
Summary: Defensive symbionts in the host microbiome can provide protection from infection or reduce the harms of being infected. However, the consequences of introducing a defensive symbiont for parasite evolution and how the symbiont may coevolve with the parasite have been relatively understudied.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yao Li, Damir Kracun, Christopher M. Dustin, Mohamed El Massry, Shuai Yuan, Christian J. Goossen, Evan R. DeVallance, Sanghamitra Sahoo, Cynthia St Hilaire, Aditi U. Gurkar, Toren Finkel, Adam C. Straub, Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano, Patrick J. Pagano
Summary: In an investigation into signaling triggered by aging and hyperglycemia, researchers found that NADPH Oxidase (NOX) plays a crucial role in driving cell damage, inflammation, and cellular senescence. Inhibiting NOX1 can reverse age-related impairments in blood flow and angiogenesis, as well as disrupt proinflammatory signaling associated with senescence. Targeting the NOX1-SASP signaling axis is predicted to be an effective strategy for mitigating vascular and organ system senescence.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Elisa Santovito, Sophia Elisseeva, Conor Smyth, Malco Cruz-Romero, Joseph P. Kerry, Geraldine Duffy, Dmitri B. Papkovsky
Summary: The study developed an oxygen sensor-based method for testing total aerobic viable counts (TVC) in raw meat samples and cattle carcass swabs, which is rapid, simple, affordable, and provides good sensitivity and analytical performance. The new method demonstrates good correlation with the ISO methods, allowing for improved microbial quality and safety of meat products and processes.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xiaofei Yin, Orla Prendiville, Aoife E. McNamara, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study evaluated the reproducibility of metabolites in a freeliving population over a period of four months. The results showed that more than half of the metabolites demonstrated good to excellent reproducibility. A single measurement per subject could appropriately reflect the metabolites' long-term concentration levels and may also be sufficient for assessing disease risk in epidemiologic studies.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Zhdanov, Anna Golubeva, Martina M. Yordanova, Dmitry E. Andreev, Ana Paula Ventura-Silva, Harriet Schellekens, Pavel Baranov, John F. Cryan, Dmitri B. Papkovsky
Summary: Activated ghrelin receptor GHS-R1 alpha regulates energy homeostasis and biosynthetic processes. New research shows that ghrelin can rapidly enhance protein synthesis in cells by dephosphorylating eEF2. This translation activation process may contribute to the rapid replenishment of neuropeptides released upon GHS-R1a activation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Janine Wirth, Elaine Hillesheim, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found no clear relationship between increased protein intake and sleep outcomes, although the evidence strength was low. More randomized controlled trials focusing on this specific research question are needed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elaine Hillesheim, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: Personalised nutrition advice is found to be more effective than population-level advice in improving dietary intake and health outcomes. Metabotyping, which groups individuals based on metabolic profiles, has been successfully used to identify subgroups with different responses to dietary challenges and interventions. However, more studies are needed to examine the efficacy of this approach in improving health parameters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shubbham Gupta, Isobel Claire Gormley, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: Most metabolomics biomarker research has focused on identifying disease biomarkers, but there is a need for biomarkers of early metabolic dysfunction to guide lifestyle interventions. MetaboVariation is a method that models fluctuations in metabolite levels at an individual level. It uses a Bayesian model to identify individuals with intra-individual variations in their metabolite levels and has been successfully applied to a dataset of 164 individuals. The development of a MetaboVariation R package with a web application further enhances its usability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Croi E. Buckley, Xiaofei Yin, Sebastian Meltzer, Anne Hansen Ree, Kathrine Roe Redalen, Lorraine Brennan, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Niamh Lynam-Lennon
Summary: Resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer is a challenge, and there is a need to identify its underlying mechanisms and develop predictive biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. This study identified an in vitro model of radioresistant rectal cancer and found significant alterations in multiple molecular pathways, including cell cycle, DNA repair, and oxidative phosphorylation-related genes. Metabolomic profiling of pre-treatment serum samples from rectal cancer patients identified metabolites significantly associated with treatment response and overall survival. This study highlights metabolic reprogramming as a role in radioresistance of rectal cancer and suggests altered metabolites as potential circulating predictive markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julie Turbitt, Lorraine Brennan, R. Charlotte Moffett, Peter R. Flatt, Paul R. V. Johnson, Andrei I. Tarasov, Neville H. McClenaghan
Summary: The study found that taurine, alanine, and proline can promote insulin secretion through the regulation of ion transport and inhibition of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. This action of taurine may have potential value in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elaine Hillesheim, Xiaofei Yin, Geetha Priya Sundaramoorthy, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of personalized nutrition advice compared to population-level advice in improving dietary quality and metabolic health biomarkers. A 12-week parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with 107 healthy adults. The personalized group received dietary advice based on their metabotype characteristics and individual traits, while the control group received generic dietary advice. The personalized approach resulted in higher dietary quality and significant improvements in various metabolic health biomarkers.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Fiona O'Connell, Eimear Mylod, Noel E. Donlon, Aisling B. Heeran, Christine Butler, Anshul Bhardwaj, Sinead Ramjit, Michael Durand, Gerard Lambe, Paul Tansey, Ivan Welartne, Kevin P. Sheahan, Xiaofei Yin, Claire L. Donohoe, Narayanasamy Ravi, Margaret R. Dunne, Lorraine Brennan, John V. Reynolds, Helen M. Roche, Jacintha O'Sullivan
Summary: This study conducted a detailed assessment of adipose tissue metabolism and secreted pro-inflammatory, metabolite, and lipid profiles in OAC patients. The study found that OAC patients with obesity and metabolic dysfunction had increased metabolic profiles linked to tumorigenesis and inflammation. These findings suggest that targeting these altered signaling mechanisms could potentially aid current treatment strategies.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gabriela Dorcioman, Valentina Grumezescu, George E. Stan, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc, Gratiela Pircalabioru Gradisteanu, Florin Miculescu, Elena Matei, Gianina Popescu-Pelin, Irina Zgura, Valentin Craciun, Faik Nuzhet Oktar, Liviu Duta
Summary: Novel biomaterials with excellent bone regeneration potential were synthesized from marine-derived hydroxyapatite by pulsed laser deposition. The rough surfaces of the thin films promoted cell adhesion and implant anchorage. The thin films exhibited strong hydrophilic behavior, superior bonding strength adherence, low cytotoxicity, and effective antimicrobial activity. These cost-effective materials from sustainable sources are recommended for the development of innovative coatings for metallic dental implants.
Article
Polymer Science
Maria Minodora Marin, Ioana Catalina Gifu, Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, Madalina Albu Kaya, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, Rebeca Leu Alexa, Bogdan Trica, Elvira Alexandrescu, Cristina Lavinia Nistor, Cristian Petcu, Raluca Ianchis
Summary: Natural polysaccharides are recommended for medical applications due to their low cytotoxicity and hydrophilicity. Polysaccharides can be used in additive manufacturing to achieve various customized 3D structures. In this study, silica nanoparticles were added to a microbial polysaccharide to obtain printable hydrogel nanocomposites.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claire Connolly, Xiaofei Yin, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study examines the impact of lactation stage on bovine milk metabolite levels using metabolomics analysis. The results show significant differences in metabolites across lactation stages, with early-lactation milk having a distinct metabolomic profile.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorraine Brennan, Baukje de Roos
Summary: Precision nutrition aims to provide personalized dietary advice based on individual genetics, metabolism, and dietary/environmental exposures. Recent advances in omic technologies, particularly metabolomics, offer valuable insights for precision nutrition by capturing information on food intake, bioactive compounds, and the impact of diets on metabolism. Utilizing metabolomic profiles to identify subgroups and incorporating them into prediction models can help understand and predict responses to dietary interventions. However, there are still unanswered questions and the key for the future is to address these and demonstrate the efficacy of precision nutrition in promoting adherence to healthier diets and improving overall health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aoife E. Mcnamara, Xiaofei Yin, Cassandra Collins, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: It has been well-established that consuming cruciferous and brassica vegetables is correlated with reduced rates of negative health outcomes. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of broccoli intake and examine the dose-response relationship using metabolomic approaches. The results showed that urinary S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) and several LC-MS features appeared as potentially promising biomarkers of broccoli consumption.