Article
Plant Sciences
Tingting Lou, Qingxia Huang, Hang Su, Daqing Zhao, Xiangyan Li
Summary: Ginseng, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, contains active components called ginsenosides which have various pharmacological effects. By targeting the SIRT1 signaling pathway, ginsenosides can be used for the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chunmin Ma, Ke Zheng, Kun Jiang, Qin Zhao, Nannan Sha, Wang Wang, Man Yan, Tao Chen, Yuzheng Zhao, Yuhui Jiang
Summary: The study by Ma et al. reveals that PHGDH translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under glucose restriction via phosphorylation by p38 and AMPK, resulting in altered activity that affects NAD(+) levels and PARP1 activity. This novel nutrient-sensing mechanism involving PHGDH highlights its critical role in tumour growth and cell fate decisions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sara Amjad, Sabah Nisar, Ajaz A. Bhat, Ab Rauf Shah, Michael P. Frenneaux, Khalid Fakhro, Mohammad Haris, Ravinder Reddy, Zoltan Patay, Joseph Baur, Puneet Bagga
Summary: NAD(+) plays a critical role in cellular bioenergetics and its depletion is associated with various diseases, making boosting NAD(+) levels a potential therapeutic strategy. However, the specific mechanisms of NAD(+) action require further investigation.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jon Ondaro, Haizea Hernandez-Eguiazu, Maddi Garciandia-Arcelus, Raul Loera-Valencia, Laura Rodriguez-Gomez, Andres Jimenez-Zuniga, Julen Goikolea, Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Javier Ruiz-Martinez, Fermin Moreno, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Ian James Holt, Francisco Javier Gil-Bea, Gorka Gerenu
Summary: Neurons rely on autophagy to maintain cellular energy balance and proper functioning during energy scarcity. Defects in autophagy can lead to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Alzheimer's disease.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaili Ma, Lina Sun, Mingjing Shen, Xin Zhang, Zhen Xiao, Jiajia Wang, Xiaowei Liu, Kanqiu Jiang, F. Xiao-Feng Qin, Feng Guo, Baojun Zhang, Lianjun Zhang
Summary: NAD(+) degradation and CD38 play a role in regulating the antitumor immunity of CD8(+) T cells. Partially reversing T cell dysfunction, Cd38 deficiency does not affect the exhausted differentiation of CD8(+) T cells in tumors. Decreased NAD(+) is correlated with T cell dysfunction, but deficiency of CD38 alone is not enough to rescue NAD(+) in tumor infiltrated CD8(+) T cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shivcharan Prasad, Ipsita Roy, Anusha Rani Pallapati
Summary: The aim of this work was to identify elements of adaptive regulatory mechanism for basal level of yeast histone deacetylase Sir2. Heat shock response (HSR) was altered in the absence of the NAD-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpd1). Increase in HSR was lower in delta Gpd1 cells than wild-type cells. An inverse correlation existed between Gpd1 and Sir2; Sir2-deleted cells showed higher expression of Gpd1 while deletion of Gpd1 led to higher expression of Sir2. In the absence of Gpd1, basal activity of Sir2 promoter was higher and was increased further upon heat shock, suggesting higher Sir2 levels. No interaction between Gpd1 and Sir2 was detected without or with heat shock using immunoprecipitation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ruben Zapata-Perez, Ronald J. A. Wanders, Clara D. M. van Karnebeek, Riekelt H. Houtkooper
Summary: Depletion of NAD(+) can lead to various pathological phenotypes, from rare inherited defects to more common age-related diseases. Therapeutic implications of NAD(+) repletion for boosting health and treating diseases are discussed, along with the potential use of NAD(+)-enhancing agents.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Anthony A. Sauve
Summary: The use of nutrients as interventions for treating human diseases is significant in the field of medicine. A particular current example is the utilization of NAD(+) boosters, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), in numerous clinical trials for various disease conditions. Recent research has shown that ingested NR (or NMN) has mitigating effects on metabolic syndrome in mice. Furthermore, a study conducted by V. V. Lozada Fernandez et al. reveals that NR alters the composition of the gut microbiome, and the transplantation of an NR-conditioned microbiome through fecal transfer reproduces some effects of NR in mice on a high-fat diet. The involvement of the gut microbiome in NR effects is attributed to changes in the microbiome and its activity in metabolizing NR and downstream catabolites.
Review
Physiology
Anuradha Ratnaparkhi, Jyothish Sudhakaran
Summary: Nutrient sensing and metabolic homeostasis are crucial for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. The brain receives and integrates signals related to nutritional and metabolic status to maintain homeostasis. In Drosophila, the fat body serves as a key organ for energy and nutrient sensing, storage, and utilization, and it regulates metabolism by modulating the synthesis and release of insulin-like peptides.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Liwen Wu, Yicun Chen, Ming Gao, Yunxiao Zhao, Yangdong Wang
Summary: This study identified a posttranslational regulatory mechanism in the terpenoid synthesis pathway. Overexpression of the Sir2 deacetylase family genes can effectively increase the production of terpenoids in plants, leading to excessive growth and enlarged vegetative organs. The proteins from the Sir2 family were found to increase the enzymatic activity of HMGS through deacetylation, ultimately promoting the synthesis of terpenoids as the final product.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Julianna D. Zeidler, Kelly A. Hogan, Guillermo Agorrody, Thais R. Peclat, Sonu Kashyap, Karina S. Kanamori, Lilian Sales Gomez, Delaram Z. Mazdeh, Gina M. Warner, Katie L. Thompson, Claudia C. S. Chini, Eduardo Nunes Chini
Summary: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays a crucial role in cellular processes and its homeostasis is essential for health and disease. CD38 enzyme is a key regulator of NAD homeostasis and dysregulation of CD38 can contribute to various diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Federica Agliano, Timofey A. Karginov, Antoine Menoret, Anthony Provatas, Anthony T. Vella
Summary: NAM has been found to affect T cell responses by impairing the transition of naive T cells into effector T cells, as well as impacting effector T cells themselves. NAM enhances the glycolysis of effector T cells while reducing the production of IFN gamma. These findings suggest that NAM has the potential to be a powerful treatment for diseases associated with T cell hyperactivation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiangfeng Niu, Ethan Stancliffe, Susan J. Gelman, Lingjue Wang, Michaela Schwaiger-Haber, Joe L. Rowles, Leah P. Shriver, Gary J. Patti
Summary: In this study, an approach to resolve the fluxes of NADPH in the cytosol and mitochondria was introduced using deuterium tracing. It was found that challenges in the cytosol affected NADPH fluxes in the cytosol, while challenges in the mitochondria affected NADPH fluxes in the mitochondria. This work highlights the value of using proline labeling as a reporter system for studying compartmentalized metabolism and reveals independent regulation of NADPH homeostasis in the cytosol and mitochondria, without evidence for NADPH shuttle activity.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruben Zapata-Perez, Alessandra Tammaro, Bauke V. Schomakers, Angelique M. L. Scantlebery, Simone Denis, Hyung L. Elfrink, Judith Giroud-Gerbetant, Carles Canto, Carmen Lopez-Leonardo, Rebecca L. McIntyre, Michel van Weeghel, Alvaro Sanchez-Ferrer, Riekelt H. Houtkooper
Summary: NMNH, as a new NAD(+) precursor, significantly increases NAD(+) levels and reduces damage through a unique metabolic pathway. Administration of NMNH in mice leads to a rapid surge in NAD(+) levels, demonstrating its potential for treating acute kidney injury.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Khushwant S. Bhullar, Myoungjin Son, Evan Kerek, Christopher R. Cromwell, Bentley M. Wingert, Kaiyu Wu, Juan Jovel, Carlos J. Camacho, Basil P. Hubbard, Jianping Wu
Summary: IRW, derived from ovotransferrin, acts as a small peptide booster of NAMPT levels, increasing intracellular NAMPT protein levels and NAD(+) to counter the effects of aging and metabolic disease.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)