Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Roberta Ibba, Paola Corona, Francesca Nonne, Paola Caria, Gabriele Serreli, Vanessa Palmas, Federico Riu, Simona Sestito, Maria Nieddu, Roberta Loddo, Giuseppina Sanna, Sandra Piras, Antonio Carta
Summary: Researchers designed and synthesized a series of novel benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1(2)-yl derivatives, which were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus B5. Compound 18e showed cell protective effects against CVB5 infection by interfering with the viral attachment process.
Review
Cell Biology
Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir, Faisal Zarif, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Enteroviruses (EV) from the Picornaviridae family are known to cause diseases such as hand foot and mouth disease, respiratory diseases, encephalitis and myocarditis. Developing small molecules that target the capsid of EV for viral entry interference has faced challenges such as low efficacy, off-target effects, and resistance. Peptides derived from the capsid of EV that recognize cellular receptors have shown potential as host-targeting inhibitors, but they exhibit lower potency compared to small molecule compounds. Further research on structure-based design of antiviral peptides is needed to uncover more potent options for treating EV infections.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Wael H. Roshdy, Ahmed Kandeil, Manal Fahim, Nourhan Y. Naguib, Gehad Mohsen, Shaymaa Shawky, Marwa M. Abd El-Fattah, Amel Naguib, Azza Salamony, Yara I. Shamikh, Mahmoud Moawad, Nancy El Guindy, Mohamed K. Khalifa, Eman Abbas, Ramy Galal, Mohamed Hassany, Mohamed Ibrahem, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Noha Asem, Amr Kandeel
Summary: This study investigated viral infections of the central nervous system in Egypt and found a relatively high prevalence of viral infection, with human enteroviruses being the most common. The results of this study have important implications for the clinical management of viral infections of the CNS in Egypt.
Review
Virology
Juliana G. S. de Lima, Daniel C. F. Lanza
Summary: The 2A/2A-like sequences are widely distributed in different groups of viruses and serve as versatile tools for cleaving proteins of biotechnological interest. The study reported for the first time the occurrence of 2A-like sequences in 69 sequences, highlighting their importance for viral evolution and potential in biotechnological applications.
Review
Microbiology
Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah, Jin'en Wu, Xuefei Wang, Huichen Guo, Shiqi Sun
Summary: This review discusses the various types of IRESs found in Picornaviridae and the past and present discoveries regarding ITAFs and their mechanism of action. It also summarizes the importance of herbal extracts, drugs, and chemicals in controlling picornavirus translation and replication. The movement of ITAFs from the nucleus to viral replication factories is also discussed.
Article
Immunology
Monique Petry, Martin Palus, Eva Leitzen, Johanna Gracia Mitterreiter, Bei Huang, Andrea Kroeger, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Wolfgang Baumgartner, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Daniel Ruzek, Albert Osterhaus, Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth
Summary: The study found that preinfection with low-virulent Langat virus or naturally avirulent TBEV strain can effectively protect mice from lethal TBEV infection. While preinfected mice still showed neuroinflammation, gliosis, and neuronal necrosis after TBEV challenge, the frequency was lower compared to nonimmunized mice.
Article
Immunology
Luca Ghita, Julia Spanier, Chintan Chhatbar, Felix Mulenge, Andreas Pavlou, Pia-Katharina Larsen, Inken Waltl, Yvonne Lueder, Moritz Kohls, Klaus Jung, Sonja M. Best, Reinhold Foerster, Martin Stangel, Dietmar Schreiner, Ulrich Kalinke
Summary: Viral encephalitis triggers a series of immunological events in the brain that can result in brain damage and death. The recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS after neurotropic infection is dependent on MyD88, with infiltrating CD8(+) T cells playing a protective role against lethal CNS VSV infection. Neurons are identified as a critical source of chemokines that regulate leukocyte infiltration in the infected brain and impact survival.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Amani Al-Mekhlafi, Kurt-Wolfram Suhs, Sven Schuchardt, Maike Kuhn, Kirsten Mueller-Vahl, Corinna Trebst, Thomas Skripuletz, Frank Klawonn, Martin Stangel, Frank Pessler
Summary: This research compared concentrations of 188 metabolites in CSF samples from patients with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis/encephalitis, and noninflamed controls. Results showed that phosphatidylcholine concentrations were significantly higher in bacterial meningitis, associated with local disease and a shift in CNS metabolism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer Cable, Mark R. Denison, Margaret Kielian, William T. Jackson, Ralf Bartenschlager, Tero Ahola, Suchetana Mukhopadhyay, Daved H. Fremont, Richard J. Kuhn, Ashleigh Shannon, Meredith N. Frazier, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Carolyn B. Coyne, Katja C. Wolthers, Guo-Li Ming, Camy S. Guenther, Jasmine Moshiri, Sonja M. Best, John W. Schoggins, Kellie Ann Jurado, Gregory D. Ebel, Alexandra Schafer, Lisa F. P. Ng, Marjolein Kikkert, Alessandro Sette, Eva Harris, Peter A. C. Wing, Julie Eggenberger, Siddharth R. Krishnamurthy, Marcus G. Mah, Rita M. Meganck, Donghoon Chung, Sebastian Maurer-Stroh, Raul Andino, Bette Korber, Stanley Perlman, Pei-Yong Shi, Montserrat Barcena, Sophie-Marie Aicher, Michelle N. Vu, Devin J. Kenney, Brett D. Lindenbach, Yukiko Nishida, Laurent Renia, Evan P. Williams
Summary: Positive-strand RNA viruses, such as Zika virus, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, have caused major outbreaks and epidemics in recent years. The Keystone Symposium Positive-Strand RNA Viruses, held on June 18-22, 2022, brought together researchers in various fields to discuss the latest research in molecular and cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, and antiviral drug development. This report provides concise summaries of the scientific discussions at the symposium.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Eric Song, Christopher M. Bartley, Ryan D. Chow, Thomas T. Ngo, Ruoyi Jiang, Colin R. Zamecnik, Ravi Dandekar, Rita P. Loudermilk, Yile Dai, Feimei Liu, Sara Sunshine, Jamin Liu, Wesley Wu, Isobel A. Hawes, Bonny D. Alvarenga, Trung Huynh, Lindsay McAlpine, Nur-Taz Rahman, Bertie Geng, Jennifer Chiarella, Benjamin Goldman-Israelow, Chantal B. F. Vogels, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Arnau Casanovas-Massana, Brett S. Phinney, Michelle Salemi, Jessa R. Alexander, Juan A. Gallego, Todd Lencz, Hannah Walsh, Anne E. Wapniarski, Subhasis Mohanty, Carolina Lucas, Jon Klein, Tianyang Mao, Jieun Oh, Aaron Ring, Serena Spudich, Albert Ko, Steven H. Kleinstein, John Pak, Joseph L. DeRisi, Akiko Iwasaki, Samuel J. Pleasure, Michael R. Wilson, Shelli F. Farhadian
Summary: The study revealed compartmentalized immune response in the central nervous system of individuals with COVID-19, suggesting a potential role of autoimmunity in the neurological sequelae of COVID-19.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Amani Al-Mekhlafi, Fakhar H. Waqas, Maike Krueger, Frank Klawonn, Manas K. Akmatov, Kirsten Mueller-Vahl, Corinna Trebst, Thomas Skripuletz, Martin Stangel, Kurt-Wolfram Suehs, Frank Pessler
Summary: The study analyzed cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with viral CNS infections, autoimmune neuroinflammation, and non-inflamed controls using targeted metabolomic/lipidomic analysis. It identified multiple metabolites as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between viral infections and autoimmune neuroinflammation. The findings suggest changes in CNS metabolism are drastically different between viral CNS infections and autoimmune neuroinflammation, with CSF metabolites serving as pathophysiologically relevant diagnostic biomarkers.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Kevin Messacar, Claire Palmer, LiseAnne Gregoire, Audrey Elliott, Elizabeth Ackley, Marcelo C. Perraillon, Kenneth L. Tyler, Samuel R. Dominguez
Summary: Implementation of MEP with a rapid central nervous system diagnostic stewardship program improved antimicrobial use with faster results shortening empiric therapy. Routine MEP testing for high-yield indications enables antimicrobial optimization with unchanged overall costs.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Anissa Chouikha, Dorra Rezig, Nadia Driss, Ichrak Abdelkhalek, Ahlem Ben Yahia, Henda Touzi, Zina Meddeb, Essia Ben Farhat, Mahrez Yahyaoui, Henda Triki
Summary: This report provides an overview of enterovirus (EV) detection in Tunisia over an 11-year period, showing changes in the epidemiology compared to previous studies and emphasizing the importance of establishing a warning system to prevent unnoticed polioviruses (PVs).
Review
Immunology
Sebastian A. Wellford, E. Ashley Moseman
Summary: This article reviews the current state of olfactory immunology, highlighting the unique immunologically relevant anatomy of the olfactory mucosa, describing what is known about olfactory immune cells, and considering the impact of common infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders at this site.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Lamprini Posnakoglou, Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi, Panagiota Chatzichristou, Tania Siahanidou, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Vasiliki Syriopoulou, Athanasios Michos
Summary: Limited recent molecular epidemiology data are available for pediatric Central Nervous System (CNS) infections in Europe. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) involved in CNS infections in children, finding a seasonal distribution of EV CNS infections with predominant genotypes including CV-B5, E30, E16, and E11, showing significant phylogenetic differences from previously described isolates.
Article
Immunology
Hsing- Huang, Jhao-Yin Lin, Hsiao-Chu Chiang, Pen-Nien Huang, Qing-Dong Lin, Shin-Ru Shih
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yen-Chin Liu, Rei-Lin Kuo, Shin-Ru Shih
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Chung-Guei Huang, Kuo-Ming Lee, Mei-Jen Hsiao, Shu-Li Yang, Peng-Nien Huang, Yu-Nong Gong, Tzu-Hsuan Hsieh, Po-Wei Huang, Ya-Jhu Lin, Yi-Chun Liu, Kuo-Chien Tsao, Shin-Ru Shih
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daming Zhou, Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn, Cheng-Pin Chen, Chung-Guei Huang, Ting-Hua Chen, Shin-Ru Shih, Yi-Chun Lin, Chien-Yu Cheng, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Yhu-Chering Huang, Tzou-Yien Lin, Che Ma, Jiandong Huo, Loic Carrique, Tomas Malinauskas, Reinis R. Ruza, Pranav N. M. Shah, Tiong Kit Tan, Pramila Rijal, Robert F. Donat, Kerry Godwin, Karen R. Buttigieg, Julia A. Tree, Julika Radecke, Neil G. Paterson, Piyada Supasa, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Gavin R. Screaton, Miles W. Carroll, Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo, Michael L. Knight, William James, Raymond J. Owens, James H. Naismith, Alain R. Townsend, Elizabeth E. Fry, Yuguang Zhao, Jingshan Ren, David Stuart, Kuan-Ying A. Huang
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Ville Peltola, Shin-Ru Shih, Kelvin Kai-Wang To
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Sheng-Yu Huang, Yu-An Kung, Peng-Nien Huang, Sheng-Yun Chang, Yu-Nong Gong, Yi-Ju Han, Huan-Jung Chiang, Kuan-Ting Liu, Kuo-Ming Lee, Chia-Yu Chang, Chia-Ching Chang, Chung-Guei Huang, Shin-Ru Shih
Summary: The study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 remains stable and infectious after refrigeration or freezing, with stability and infectivity depending on the spike variant. The S-G614 variant shows higher stability and better binding ability with the ACE2 receptor, contributing to its rapid spread and infectivity. Further precautions should be taken when handling food stored in cold conditions.
Article
Virology
Jing-Yi Lin, Kuo-Feng Weng, Chih-Kuang Chang, Yu-Nong Gong, Guo-Jen Huang, Hui-Lan Lee, Yen-Cheng Chen, Chien-Chih Huang, Jia-Ying Lu, Peng-Nien Huang, Huan-Jung Chiang, Che-Min Chen, Shin-Ru Shih
Summary: This study presents an oral infection mouse model for EV-A71 that efficiently infects weaned mice and allows tracking of viral spread, contributing to research on viral pathogenesis and neuroinvasion. The model offers advantages over existing animal models in studying viral spread, tissue tropism, and viral pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Yu-An Kung, Huan-Jung Chiang, Mei-Ling Li, Yu-Nong Gong, Hsin-Ping Chiu, Chuan-Tien Hung, Peng-Nien Huang, Sheng-Yu Huang, Pei-Yu Wang, Tsu-An Hsu, Gary Brewer, Shin-Ru Shih
Summary: This study reveals the involvement of ACSL4 in enterovirus replication organelle formation and the induction of ferroptosis by enteroviruses and coronaviruses via ACSL4. Inhibition of ACSL4 using ferroptosis inhibitors reduces viral loads of enteroviruses and coronaviruses, suggesting the potential of ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis as a promising therapeutic target for viral diseases.
Article
Microbiology
Kuan-Ting Liu, Yu-Nong Gong, Chung-Guei Huang, Peng-Nien Huang, Kar-Yee Yu, Hou-Chen Lee, Sun-Che Lee, Huan-Jung Chiang, Yu-An Kung, Yueh-Te Lin, Mei-Jen Hsiao, Po-Wei Huang, Sheng-Yu Huang, Hsin-Tai Wu, Chih-Ching Wu, Rei-Lin Kuo, Kuan-Fu Chen, Chuan-Tien Hung, Kasopefoluwa Y. Oguntuyo, Christian S. Stevens, Shreyas Kowdle, Hsin-Ping Chiu, Benhur Lee, Guang-Wu Chen, Shin-Ru Shih
Summary: In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in serum. The method accurately quantified neutralizing antibody titers and showed potential for assessing vaccine efficacy.
Article
Cell Biology
Yi-Yin Chen, Ching-Tai Huang, Shiao-Wen Li, Yi-Jiun Pan, Tzu-Lung Lin, Ya-Yu Huang, Ting-Hsuan Li, Yu-Ching Yang, Yu-Nong Gong, Yu-Chia Hsieh
Summary: The study revealed that IAV infection alters host metabolism to benefit pneumococcal fitness during coinfection, leading to higher susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. Modulation of host metabolism during IAV infection may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention against secondary bacterial infections caused by serotype 3 pneumococci during IAV outbreaks in the future.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Su-Jhen Hung, Yin-Mei Hsu, Sheng-Wen Huang, Huey-Pin Tsai, Leo Yi Yang Lee, Aeron C. Hurt, Ian G. Barr, Shin-Ru Shih, Jen-Ren Wang
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Yu-An Kung, Huan-Jung Chiang, Mei-Ling Li, Yu-Nong Gong, Hsin-Ping Chiu, Chuan-Tien Hung, Peng-Nien Huang, Sheng-Yu Huang, Pei-Yu Wang, Tsu-An Hsu, Gary Brewer, Shin-Ru Shih
Summary: ACSL4 plays a key role in enterovirus replication organelle formation, both enteroviruses and coronaviruses can induce ferroptosis via ACSL4, inhibiting ACSL4 can reduce the replication of various viruses, suggesting ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis is a promising therapeutic target for viral diseases.