Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tracy Rankin, Nigel Roulet, Elyn Humphreys, Matthias Peichl, Jarvi Jarveoja
Summary: This study investigates the composition and influencing factors of ecosystem respiration (ER) in northern peatlands, revealing differences compared to other peatland types. The study found that autotrophic respiration (AR) contributes more to ER, while heterotrophic respiration (HR) increases with rising temperature and water table depth. The study also highlights the influence of plant biomass on the magnitude of ER and the differences between directly measured ER and estimates based on nighttime temperature relationships.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Xiao-Ying Ma, Hao Xu, Zi-Yin Cao, Lei Shu, Rui-Liang Zhu
Summary: The impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of Sphagnum mosses is poorly understood. Using the MaxEnt model, this study predicts the potential geographic distribution of six dominant Sphagnum species in future climate scenarios. The results show that warming temperatures will cause a northward migration of Sphagnum mosses into high-latitude boreal peatlands while decreasing their habitat suitability beyond these regions.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erik J. L. Larson, Luke D. Schiferl, Roisin Commane, J. William Munger, Anna T. Trugman, Takeshi Ise, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Steve Wofsy, Paul M. Moorcroft
Summary: A significant amount of carbon is stored in the Arctic permafrost, and its fate is uncertain due to complex biophysical, ecological, and biogeochemical processes. Improved understanding of these processes is crucial for predicting the future of Arctic peatlands. This study analyzes a vertically-resolved model of peatland soil carbon and finds that increased precipitation and warming have led to declines in net ecosystem productivity since 2013.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Yue He, Jinzhi Ding, Tsechoe Dorji, Tao Wang, Juan Li, Pete Smith
Summary: Soil heterotrophic respiration (R-h) is the flux of CO2 released from soil to the atmosphere due to the decomposition of organic matter by soil microbes and fauna. Estimation of global R-h still has large uncertainties, limiting our understanding of carbon accumulation in soils. Using a Random Forest algorithm, we created a global dataset of soil R-h by linking field observations with predictors. Integrating observational R-h with soil carbon stock data, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models underestimated carbon accumulation by 30%, especially at high latitudes.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liudmila Mukhortova, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Elena Moltchanova, Anatoly Shvidenko, Nikolay Khabarov, Linda See
Summary: Soil respiration is a major ecosystem carbon flux with a strong relationship to climate, and in Russia, soil properties play a key role in mediating the climate effect on respiration. Vegetation class determines the contribution of autotrophic respiration to the total respiration flux. Estimates suggest that heterotrophic soil respiration in Russia may increase by 12-13% by 2050 and reach 3.5-4.3 Pg C yr(-1) based on different climate scenarios. Disturbances are found to have a minimal impact on increasing heterotrophic soil respiration in Russia, contributing to less than 2% of the total flux.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Hasimah Mos, Mohd Haniff Harun, Nur Maisarah Jantan, Zulkifli Hashim, Anis Suriani Ibrahim, Yusri Yusup
Summary: The drainage and cultivation of peatlands lead to carbon loss and increased CO2 emissions. This study measured CO2 emissions from a vegetation-free peat swamp area using different measurement techniques. Significant variations in CO2 emissions were observed, but the study provides valuable information on the soil heterotrophic respiration of deep peat in Sarawak.
Article
Ecology
Tracy E. Rankin, Nigel T. Roulet, Tim R. Moore
Summary: Northern peatlands are significant carbon stores, with varying sink strength due to environmental and biogeochemical conditions. This study explores spatial and temporal variability in respiration and its components in a bog dominated by woody shrubs, finding that environmental factors such as temperature and water table depth play a key role. The plant response to climate change is related to root structures and water resource mechanisms.
Article
Geography, Physical
Kristina A. Da Silva, Rebecca A. Snyder, Maara S. Packalen, James W. McLaughlin, Dorothy M. Peteet, Sarah A. Finkelstein
Summary: The Hudson Bay Lowlands in Canada's boreal subarctic is a significant peatland region that is currently experiencing climate warming and anthropogenic stressors. A study conducted on a peat core from the region revealed the impact of climate variability and multiple stressors on peat accumulation. The findings suggest that mineral nutrients, supplied by surface hydrology or eolian deposition, played a role in carbon accumulation in the peatland.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Quan Quan, Fangfang Ma, Jinsong Wang, Dashuan Tian, Qingping Zhou, Shuli Niu
Summary: Carbon-use efficiency (CUE) has been widely used as a constant value in earth system models, but its response to warming was unclear due to the lack of manipulative experiments. In a 7-year warming experiment, we found that both plant-level (CUEp) and ecosystem-level (CUEe) CUE varied significantly under warming. The effects of warming on CUEp were correlated with soil water content, while the effects on CUEe were correlated with soil temperature changes. Our findings have important implications for reducing modeling uncertainties and predicting C-climate feedbacks.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. B. Keane, S. Toet, P. Ineson, P. Weslien, J. E. Stockdale, L. Klemedtsson
Summary: Globally, peatlands act as important carbon sinks, but warming climate may lead to increased drought, reducing net carbon uptake and increasing methane emissions. Research shows significant differences in CH4 and CO2 emissions between different ecotypes of wetlands during drought and non-drought years.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Yi Wang, Shirong Liu, Junwei Luan, Chen Chen, Chunju Cai, Fan Zhou, Yaping Di, Xiaomin Gao
Summary: The study found that throughfall reduction led to a decrease in soil respiration, mainly due to a decline in fine roots biomass; N addition caused microbial carbon limitation, leading to a decrease in soil respiration. The negative effect of throughfall reduction on soil respiration was exacerbated by N addition through the interaction between the two factors.
Article
Soil Science
D. Carless, B. Kulessa, A. D. Booth, Y. Drocourt, P. Sinnadurai, F. Alayne Street-Perrott, P. Jansson
Summary: The use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) can improve the estimation of regional carbon stocks, providing valuable contribution to carbon stock assessments at regional, national, and potentially global levels. Accurate estimates of peatland carbon stocks are important due to the significant and threatened peatland carbon stores worldwide, with the integrated approach showing promising results in estimating carbon stocks at specific sites in South Wales.
Article
Ecology
Luhong Zhou, Shangshi Liu, Yaning Gu, Linfang Wu, Hang-Wei Hu, Ji-Zheng He
Summary: The impact of fire on above-ground biomass has significant consequences on soil carbon dynamics. The study conducted a global meta-analysis to determine the extent to which fire influenced soil respiration. The findings reveal that fires reduce soil respiration and its components, but the negative effects diminish over time. Fire severity, season, type, climate zones, and biomes moderate the influences of fire on soil respiration.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Soil Science
Tongxin Hu, Binqing Zhao, Fei Li, Xu Dou, Haiqing Hu, Long Sun
Summary: Fire disturbance significantly altered soil respiration components, increasing heterotrophic respiration while decreasing autotrophic respiration. Structural equation modeling indicated that soil temperature and fine root biomass were major factors influencing soil respiration, with microbial biomass carbon becoming a dominant factor in burned plots.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Pastukhov, Sergey Loiko, Dmitry Kaverin
Summary: The study determined the concentrations of 15 individual PAHs in 93 peat cores using high-performance liquid chromatography methods and found that heavy highly condensed PAHs like 6-nuclear benzo[ghi]perylene were predominant in Eastern European peat plateaus, while light PAHs like naphthalene and phenanthrene were dominant in West Siberian permafrost peatlands.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
M. Noelia Barrios-Garcia, Marina Gonzalez-Polo, Daniel Simberloff, Aimee T. Classen
Summary: This study investigates how wild boar impact soil communities and their potential function. The findings suggest that the impacts of wild boar on decomposition rates are likely mediated by changes in both abiotic and biotic soil factors. Rooting behavior of wild boar alters soil functioning, but the pathway of impact varies by plant community. The study highlights the importance of considering both the abiotic and biotic factors in predicting the impacts of invasive mammals on native ecosystems.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Case M. Prager, Aimee T. Classen, Maja K. Sundqvist, Maria Noelia Barrios-Garcia, Erin K. Cameron, Litong Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, Thomas W. Crowther, Julie R. Deslippe, Karl Grigulis, Jin-Sheng He, Jeremiah A. Henning, Mark Hovenden, Toke T. Thomas Hoye, Xin Jing, Sandra Lavorel, Jennie R. McLaren, Daniel B. Metcalfe, Gregory S. Newman, Marie Louise Nielsen, Christian Rixen, Quentin D. Read, Kenna E. Rewcastle, Mariano Rodriguez-Cabal, David A. Wardle, Sonja Wipf, Nathan J. Sanders
Summary: This paper presents a globally distributed experimental network that aims to study the direct and indirect effects of climate change. By utilizing natural environmental gradients, experimental approaches, and statistical techniques, the network provides valuable insights into the responses of ecosystems to climate change.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Melissa A. Pastore, Aimee T. Classen, Marie E. English, Serita D. Frey, Melissa A. Knorr, Karin Rand, E. Carol Adair
Summary: Warmer winters with less snowfall are increasing the frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles across temperate regions. Our study shows that microbial communities conditioned to colder temperature regimes are more tolerant of freeze-thaw cycles compared to communities conditioned to warmer temperature regimes. The microbial communities displayed resilience and quickly recovered after the freeze-thaw treatment period.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Yajing Han, Gangsheng Wang, Shuhao Zhou, Wanyu Li, Lihua Xiong
Summary: Using continuous automatic chamber measurements, we found that soil respiration (Rs) at night (Rs(night)) is higher than during the day (Rs(day)) in spring and summer, lower in autumn, and similar in winter. These differences may be attributed to factors other than temperature, such as reallocation of photosynthesis carbon, precipitation, and soil moisture. We also observed significant differences in temperature sensitivity (Q(10)) between seasons, with the highest Q(10) in spring and significantly higher Q(10) at night than during the day in autumn. Our study highlights the importance of considering diel variation in Rs and its temperature sensitivity across seasons, as well as the need to account for Rs(night) for accurate soil carbon budget estimation.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhihong Song, Jun Xia, Gangsheng Wang, Dunxian She, Chen Hu, Shilong Piao
Summary: China leads the world in vegetation greening, but the relative importance of vegetation greening and climate change on China's hydrological cycle is uncertain. In this study, a hydrological model was developed to analyze the effects of climate and vegetation change on runoff in China. The results show that changes in climate factors dominated hydrologic change at the national scale, while vegetation change had a smaller impact. In water-limited regions, the correlation between vegetation and runoff change was higher than in energy-limited regions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shanshan Qi, Aifeng Lv, Gangsheng Wang, Chuanhui Zhang
Summary: Given the challenges in accurately estimating precipitation due to its greater variability in mountainous regions without rain gauges, this study developed a nonlinear precipitation correction method in the SWAT model to improve distributed hydrological modeling. Three configurations were proposed to determine the parameters for precipitation correction, and the method was applied to a poorly-gauged alpine inland basin in Northwest China. Results showed that one configuration outperformed the others, particularly when using GPM precipitation datasets. This study provides a feasible method to derive more accurate spatiotemporal precipitation estimates and improve hydrological modeling in poorly-gauged and ungauged basins.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anton M. Potapov, Carlos A. Guerra, Johan van den Hoogen, Anatoly Babenko, Bruno C. Bellini, Matty P. Berg, Steven L. Chown, Louis Deharveng, Lubomir Kovac, Natalia A. Kuznetsova, Jean-Francois Ponge, Mikhail B. Potapov, David J. Russell, Douglas Alexandre, Juha M. Alatalo, Javier I. Arbea, Ipsa Bandyopadhyaya, Veronica Bernava, Stef Bokhorst, Thomas Bolger, Gabriela Castano-Meneses, Matthieu Chauvat, Ting-Wen Chen, Mathilde Chomel, Aimee T. Classen, Jerome Cortet, Peter Cuchta, Ana Manuela de la Pedrosa, Susana S. D. Ferreira, Cristina Fiera, Juliane Filser, Oscar Franken, Saori Fujii, Essivi Gagnon Koudji, Meixiang Gao, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Diego F. Gomez-Pamies, Michelle Greve, I. Tanya Handa, Charlene Heiniger, Martin Holmstrup, Pablo Homet, Mari Ivask, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Malte Jochum, Sophie Joimel, Bruna Claudia S. Jorge, Edite Jucevica, Olga Ferlian, Luis Carlos Iunes de Oliveira Filho, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, Dilmar Baretta, Eveline J. Krab, Annely Kuu, Estevam C. A. de Lima, Dunmei Lin, Zoe Lindo, Amy Liu, Jing-Zhong Lu, Maria Jose Lucianez, Michael T. Marx, Matthew A. McCary, Maria A. Minor, Taizo Nakamori, Ilaria Negri, Raul Ochoa-Hueso, Jose G. Palacios-Vargas, Melanie M. Pollierer, Pascal Querner, Natalia Raschmanova, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Laura J. Raymond-Leonard, Laurent Rousseau, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Sandrine Salmon, Emma J. Sayer, Nicole Scheunemann, Cornelia Scholz, Julia Seeber, Yulia B. Shveenkova, Sophya K. Stebaeva, Maria Sterzynska, Xin Sun, Winda I. Susanti, Anastasia A. Taskaeva, Madhav P. Thakur, Maria A. Tsiafouli, Matthew S. Turnbull, Mthokozisi N. Twala, Alexei V. Uvarov, Lisa A. Venier, Lina A. Widenfalk, Bruna R. Winck, Daniel Winkler, Donghui Wu, Zhijing Xie, Rui Yin, Douglas Zeppelini, Thomas W. Crowther, Nico Eisenhauer, Stefan Scheu
Summary: Soil life plays a crucial role in maintaining the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Among soil arthropods, springtails are highly abundant and they regulate soil fertility and energy flow in above- and belowground food webs. However, we currently have limited knowledge about the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, as well as their relationship with energy fluxes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daifeng Xiang, Gangsheng Wang, Jing Tian, Wanyu Li
Summary: Knowledge of global patterns of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition kinetics is essential for accurate estimation of land-atmosphere carbon fluxes. This study develops predictive models using machine learning techniques based on a comprehensive database of edaphic-climatic and SOM decomposition data. The models predict the sizes and decomposition rates of multiple SOM pools and provide a high-resolution global dataset. This dataset can improve global biogeochemical model parameterization and predictions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
C. E. Yancey, S. M. Juice, A. T. Classen, L. Rustad, E. Carol Adair
Summary: Extreme weather events, such as ice storms, are increasingly affecting forests and their belowground structures, specifically fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, researchers investigated the effects of ice storm intensity and frequency on different types of mycorrhizal fungal colonization. The results showed that ice storm intensity reduced ectomycorrhizal fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization in spring, but had different effects in fall. Ectomycorrhizal fungal root tips were still reduced, but arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization was higher in ice storm treatments. Furthermore, the study found seasonal differences in the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungal root tips and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. These findings suggest that ice storms have varying impacts on mycorrhizal fungi, with potential long-lasting effects on ectomycorrhizal fungi.
Article
Microbiology
Ruosong Qu, Guanzhen Liu, Ming Yue, Gangsheng Wang, Changhui Peng, Kefeng Wang, Xiaoping Gao
Summary: Soil microorganisms are important indicators for evaluating soil health and their role in carbon-climate feedback is vital. This study conducted an observational experiment in the Ziwuling Mountains, Loess Plateau, China, and found that soil respiration rate is significantly correlated with temperature and moisture, indicating that temperature increase leads to soil carbon loss. The study also revealed the crucial factors affecting soil microbial activity and provided valuable scientific implications for constructing microbial decomposition models to predict soil microbial activity under climate change in the future.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Abby E. Beatty, Emily P. Driessen, Amanda D. Clark, Robin A. Costello, Sharday Ewell, Sheritta Fagbodun, Randy L. Klabacka, Todd Lamb, Kimberly Mulligan, Jeremiah A. Henning, Cissy J. Ballen
Summary: Traditional biology curricula overlook the influence of human values and biases, but incorporating ideological awareness can address this shortcoming. A national survey of lower-level biology instructors reveals the importance of science education, the perceived value of ideological awareness, and hesitancies in implementation due to potential personal and professional consequences.
CBE-LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Minghao Chen, Sidong Zeng, Gangsheng Wang, Linhan Yang, Xiaoya Tang, Jun Xia
Summary: Evaluating the effects of dam operations on downstream hydrological regimes is crucial for flood risk management. Previous studies have not thoroughly evaluated the impacts of dam-induced channel changes and dam-altered streamflow on downstream hydrological regimes. In this study, a combination of models was used to assess the impacts of the Three Gorges Dam operations on the stage-discharge relation in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River. The results demonstrate that the dam operations have a nonlinear impact on downstream stage-discharge curves due to interception of water release, water-sediment regulation, and channel erosion. This study provides insights into the nonlinear changes in downstream hydrological regimes influenced by dam operations in fine-grained rivers.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zehao Lv, Gangsheng Wang, Peng Zhang, Xueshan Ai, Xin Cao, Wei Zheng, Zhenyu Mu, Bowen Yu
Summary: The construction of dams has had both positive and negative impacts on human society and aquatic ecosystems, especially fish populations. To mitigate these impacts, a Reservoir Operation Model for Fish Habitat across Life Stages (ROM-FHLS) was proposed in the Yangtze River Basin. The model demonstrated improvements in power generation and suitable habitat area during different stages of fish life compared to conventional outflow conditions. Additionally, an outflow scheme was proposed to stimulate fish spawning activities. This study provides a fresh perspective on understanding the complex interactions between dam-controlled hydrological processes, river hydrodynamic environment, and fish behavior, with the potential to enhance fish reproduction and aid in the recovery of aquatic populations in dammed rivers.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Paula E. Adams, Emily P. Driessen, Enya Granados, Penny Ragland, Jeremiah A. Henning, Abby E. Beatty, Cissy J. Ballen
Summary: Understanding the relationship between science and society is a core competency for biology students in the United States. However, traditional undergraduate biology education often avoids controversial societal issues. This study explores the impact of teaching societal topics in undergraduate biology education.
FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Angela N. Google, Grace Sekaya, Zachery Mcmullen, Jeremiah A. Henning
Summary: First-generation college students often feel greater social alienation due to mismatched cultural values, leading to lower academic satisfaction and sense of belonging at university. These effects are intensified when their first-generation identities intersect with other stigmatized social and cultural identities, particularly in STEM majors, and are highly correlated to students' holistic health and academic success, especially for minority groups. Limited consideration has been given to the nuanced experiences of first-generation college students with multiple stigmatized identities in the academic STEM environment, highlighting the need for more inclusive support systems.
FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION
(2023)
