Review
Optics
Chuankang Li, Vannhu Le, Xiaona Wang, Xiang Hao, Xu Liu, Cuifang Kuang
Summary: The emergence of optical super-resolution imaging has advanced biological research at the nanoscale level, overcoming the constraints of diffraction limit in conventional far-field optical imaging. Recent advancements in techniques have addressed the weaknesses of existing super-resolution modalities in biological applications, focusing on enhancing system resolution, background suppression, and reducing complexity. The modification of factors such as hardware, light path, fluorescent probe, and algorithm has led to the development of cost-effective and flexible imaging tools like the subtraction technique.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming-Ming Chen, Cong-Hui Xu, Wei Zhao, Hong-Yuan Chen, Jing-Juan Xu
Summary: The super-resolution ECLM technique allows for high-resolution imaging of single nanoparticles' catalytic activity, revealing surface characteristics of nanocatalysts. This technology has great potential applications in catalysis, biological imaging, and single-entity analysis.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Haitang Yang, Esther Y. H. Lin, Kiriakos N. Kutulakos, George V. Eleftheriades
Summary: Super-oscillatory imaging is a technique that can go beyond the diffraction limit. This study provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis and experimental validation of the integration of super-oscillatory imaging into existing microscopes and telescopes, as well as the operational limits of the approach.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rong Chen, Xiao Tang, Yuxuan Zhao, Zeyu Shen, Meng Zhang, Yusheng Shen, Tiantian Li, Casper Ho Yin Chung, Lijuan Zhang, Ji Wang, Binbin Cui, Peng Fei, Yusong Guo, Shengwang Du, Shuhuai Yao
Summary: A deep-learning-based single-frame super-resolution microscopy method is proposed, which allows for high spatiotemporal resolution imaging of cellular dynamics. It overcomes the limitations of multi-frame super-resolution microscopy in terms of long acquisition times and phototoxicity.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Li, Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle, Bingfu Lei, Yingliang Liu, Clemens F. Kaminski
Summary: Super-resolution imaging techniques have become popular for visualizing cellular structures with nanometric resolution. This review focuses on the use of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) as bright and photostable probes for super-resolution imaging. The review provides an overview of different super-resolution methods, discusses their demands on the properties of fluorescent NPs, and reviews the features, strengths, and weaknesses of each NP class. The future outlook and opportunities in material science for the development of probes for multiplexed subcellular imaging with nanometric resolution are also discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emmanouil Archontakis, Linlin Deng, Peter Zijlstra, Anja R. A. Palmans, Lorenzo Albertazzi
Summary: Folding a polymer chain into a well-defined single chain polymeric nanoparticle (SCPN) is a fascinating approach to obtaining structured and functional nanoparticles. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of SCPNs, which arise from the polydispersity of their synthesis, there are nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties in a single batch. This poses a great challenge to characterizing SCPNs at a single-particle level. In this study, the NR-sPAINT super-resolution fluorescence technique was implemented to study SCPNs at a single-particle level, allowing the mapping of small-molecule binding rates and polarity on individual SCPNs. The experimental results revealed interparticle differences in binding rates within the same polymer design, as well as a marked polarity shift between different designs. This research sheds light on the importance of hydrophobic pendant groups in determining binding properties and inducing single-particle polarity diversity, and represents a significant step toward designing SCPNs for specific applications.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Alice Ruget, Stephen McLaughlin, Robert K. Henderson, Istvan Gyongy, Abderrahim Halimi, Jonathan Leach
Summary: The use of depth imaging applications is growing rapidly, with LIDAR technology via single-photon sensitive detector arrays being used to capture depth images at high frame rates. However, the spatial resolution of this technology is typically lower compared to conventional cameras. To address this, a deep network has been developed for SPAD cameras, utilizing histogram data features for enhancing image resolution and denoising effects, which demonstrated significant improvements across various signal-to-noise ratios and photon levels. The algorithm's generalizability has been showcased by its applicability to other data types of SPAD data.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Lin, Gary C. H. Mo, Sohum Mehta, Jin Zhang
Summary: Super-resolution activity imaging currently does not consider the locations of collaborating regulators/effectors in living cells. The DrFLINC technique, based on the FLINC principle, utilizes nonfluorescent Dronpa to enhance fluorescence fluctuations, leading to the development of a superior red label and a next-generation activity sensor for context-rich super-resolution biosensing.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jigmi Basumatary, Neptune Baro, Prakash Joshi, Partha Pratim Mondal
Summary: Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a powerful technique that improves spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit and allows for the analysis of biological features at the nanoscale. This study introduces a single molecule-based scanning SMLM (scanSMLM) system that enables rapid volume imaging. By rapidly changing the aperture of an electrically-tunable lens, the system achieves selective imaging of the axial object plane, allowing for volume scanning. The technique is employed to visualize the architecture of actin-filaments, the distribution of Meos-Tom20 molecules on the mitochondrial membrane, and the clustering of Hemagglutinin (HA) protein single molecules for studying Influenza-A disease progression. The system enables 3D visualization of HA distribution, providing unprecedented insights into the disease progression at the single-molecule level.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Filipe Nunes Vicente, Mickael Lelek, Jean-Yves Tinevez, Quang D. Tran, Gerard Pehau-Arnaudet, Christophe Zimmer, Sandrine Etienne-Manneville, Gregory Giannone, Cecile Leduc
Summary: Intermediate filaments play key roles in cellular functions and their mechanical properties. This study used super-resolution microscopy to reveal the molecular organization of vimentin filaments and provided evidence for the partial overlap of subunits during filament assembly. The researchers also found that the extensibility of vimentin is due to the unfolding of its subunits, establishing a direct link between structure and mechanics.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Knez, Benjamin W. Toulson, Anabel Chen, Martin H. Ettenberg, Hai Nguyen, Eric O. Potma, Dmitry A. Fishman
Summary: In this study, a novel spectral imaging technique based on nondegenerate two-photon absorption is proposed for high-speed imaging in the mid-infrared range, allowing simultaneous acquisition of morphological and chemical information.
Article
Biophysics
Min Jeong Kim, Jinyong Park, Minjae Kang, Uidon Jeong, Dokyung Jeong, Nae-Gyu Kang, Seung Jin Hwang, Sung Hun Youn, Bo Kyoung Hwang, Yoonsuk Hyun, Doory Kim
Summary: The study developed novel approaches for the detection and identification of bacterial species in the skin microbiome using super-resolution microscopy and AI-based image analysis. These methods can differentiate between common bacterial members of the skin flora and different ribotypes of Cutibacterium acnes with single-cell sensitivity. The advantages of these methods, such as lack of time-consuming steps and high detection sensitivity, show promise for early diagnosis of bacterial infections and as a next-generation platform for microbiome detection as single-cell diagnostics.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mark Tingey, Steven J. Schnell, Wenlan Yu, Jason Saredy, Samuel Junod, Dhrumil Patel, Abdullah A. Alkurdi, Weidong Yang
Summary: The transient nature of RNA and temporal constraints within cells make it difficult to image RNA, especially endogenous RNA in transfected cells. However, recent advances have provided researchers with the tools to image endogenous RNA at the cellular and single-molecule level.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chenxi Qian, Kun Miao, Li-En Lin, Xinhong Chen, Jiajun Du, Lu Wei
Summary: VISTA is a label-free superresolution method combining sample expansion and vibrational imaging, enabling high-resolution interrogation of protein-rich biological structures in cells and tissues, with a resolution down to 78 nm.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jianwen Song, Kai Liu, Arcot Sowmya, Changming Sun
Summary: This paper proposes a super-resolution phase retrieval network (SRPRNet) to address the issues of low accuracy and low resolution in single-pattern structured light 3D imaging. By introducing a phase-shifting module and a refinement and super-resolution module, multi-scale features can be extracted and refined and super-resolution phase components can be obtained, resulting in high-resolution absolute phase. Experimental results show that SRPRNet achieves state-of-the-art performance on 1x, 2x, and 4x super-resolution phase retrieval tasks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Optics
Hongqian Cao, Zengyong Liu, Danran Li, Zhenda Lu, Ye Chen, Fei Xu
Summary: In this study, an optical fiber-based magnetically-tuned graphene mechanical resonator (GMR) is demonstrated by integrating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the graphene membrane. The tension of the graphene membrane is tuned with a magnetic field to achieve a resonance frequency shift. A resonance frequency tunability of 23 kHz using a 100 mT magnetic field is achieved. The device provides a new way to tune a GMR with a non-contact force and has potential applications in weak magnetic field detection with improved sensitivity.
CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jin-Yi Zhang, Chang-Rui Yi, Long Zhang, Rui-Heng Jiao, Kai-Ye Shi, Huan Yuan, Wei Zhang, Xiong-Jun Liu, Shuai Chen, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Floquet engineering allows for the creation of new topological states that cannot be achieved in static systems. In this study, we experimentally realize and characterize anomalous topological states using high-precision Floquet engineering for ultracold atoms trapped in a shaking optical Raman lattice.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Wei Li, Likang Zhang, Hao Tan, Yichen Lu, Sheng-Kai Liao, Jia Huang, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Hao-Kun Mao, Bingze Yan, Qiong Li, Yang Liu, Qiang Zhang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Lixing You, Feihu Xu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: This article reports a QKD system that can generate keys at a record high rate of 115.8 Mb/s over a 10 km standard optical fiber and distribute keys over up to 328 km of ultralow-loss fiber. These abilities are attributed to a multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with an ultrahigh counting rate, an integrated transmitter that can stably encode polarization states with low error, a fast post-processing algorithm for generating keys in real time, and the high system clock rate operation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of practical high-rate QKD with photonic techniques, thus opening its possibility for widespread applications.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wei Li, Likang Zhang, Yichen Lu, Zheng-Ping Li, Cong Jiang, Yang Liu, Jia Huang, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Xiang-Bin Wang, Qiang Zhang, Lixing You, Feihu Xu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: We propose and demonstrate a new method to achieve twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) without the need for phase locking. By separating the communication time into reference frames and quantum frames, we establish a global phase reference using the reference frames and reconcile the phase reference efficiently using a tailored algorithm based on fast Fourier transform. We successfully demonstrate no-phase-locking TF-QKD from short to long distances over standard optical fibers, achieving high secret key rates and repeaterlike key rates. Our work provides a scalable and practical solution to TF-QKD, representing an important step towards its wide applications.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jian Qin, Yu-Hao Deng, Han-Sen Zhong, Li-Chao Peng, Hao Su, Yi-Han Luo, Jia-Min Xu, Dian Wu, Si-Qiu Gong, Hua-Liang Liu, Hui Wang, Ming-Cheng Chen, Li Li, Nai-Le Liu, Chao-Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Quantum metrology aims to enhance measurement sensitivity by utilizing quantum resources. We propose and realize a novel quantum metrology scheme that combines unconventional nonlinear interferometers and stimulated emission of squeezed light. Our method achieves a scalable, unconditional, and robust quantum metrological advantage, outperforming ideal 5-N00N states. The demonstrated enhancement in Fisher information per photon, without discounting for imperfections or photon loss, makes our approach applicable in practical quantum metrology at low photon flux regime.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xue-Mei Gu, Liang Huang, Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens, Yang-Fan Jiang, Dian Wu, Bing Bai, Qi-Chao Sun, Ming-Cheng Chen, Jun Zhang, Sixia Yu, Qiang Zhang, Chao-Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Nonlocality in networks composed of independent sources exhibits different phenomena compared to standard Bell scenarios. Network nonlocality in the entanglement-swapping scenario has been extensively studied, but previous violations of bilocality inequality could not certify the nonclassicality of their sources. We experimentally observe full network nonlocal correlations in a network where the loopholes of source-independence, locality, and measurement-independence are closed. Our experiment violates known inequalities for nonfull network nonlocal correlations by over 5 standard deviations, confirming the absence of classical sources.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Li-Zheng Liu, Yue-Yang Fei, Yingqiu Mao, Yi Hu, Rui Zhang, Xu-Fei Yin, Xiao Jiang, Li Li, Nai-Le Liu, Feihu Xu, Yu-Ao Chen, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: In this study, a full-period quantum phase estimation approach is proposed and demonstrated. The approach adopts Kitaev's phase estimation algorithm to eliminate phase ambiguity and uses GHZ states to obtain phase values. Through an eight-photon experiment, the estimation of unknown phases in a full period is achieved, and the phase super-resolution and sensitivity beyond the shot-noise limit are observed. This research provides a new way for quantum sensing and represents a solid step towards its general applications.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chong Ying, Bin Cheng, Youwei Zhao, He-Liang Huang, Yu-Ning Zhang, Ming Gong, Yulin Wu, Shiyu Wang, Futian Liang, Jin Lin, Yu Xu, Hui Deng, Hao Rong, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Man -Hong Yung, Xiaobo Zhu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Although NISQ quantum computing devices are still limited in terms of qubit quantity and quality, quantum computational advantage has been experimentally demonstrated. Hybrid quantum and classical computing architectures have become the main paradigm for exhibiting NISQ applications, with the use of low-depth quantum circuits. This study demonstrates a circuit-cutting method for simulating quantum circuits with multiple logical qubits using only a few physical superconducting qubits, showcasing higher fidelity and scalability.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yu-Hao Deng, Si-Qiu Gong, Yi-Chao Gu, Zhi-Jiong Zhang, Hua-Liang Liu, Hao Su, Hao-Yang Tang, Jia-Min Xu, Meng-Hao Jia, Ming-Cheng Chen, Han-Sen Zhong, Hui Wang, Jiarong Yan, Yi Hu, Jia Huang, Wei -Jun Zhang, Hao Li, Xiao Jiang, Lixing You, Zhen Wang, Li Li, Nai-Le Liu, Chao -Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is a protocol for demonstrating quantum computational advantage and is mathematically associated with graph-related and quantum chemistry problems. This study investigates the enhancement of GBS over classical stochastic algorithms on noisy quantum devices in the computationally interesting regime. Experimental results show the presence of GBS enhancement with a large photon-click number and robustness under certain noise, which may stimulate the development of more efficient classical and quantum-inspired algorithms.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Chao Yu, Tianyi Li, Xian-Song Zhao, Hai Lu, Rong Zhang, Feihu Xu, Jun Zhang, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: In this study, a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based free-running ultraviolet single-photon detector (UVSPD) with ultralow afterpulse probability is reported. A beveled mesa structure is designed and fabricated for the 4H-SiC SPAD, which shows the characteristic of ultralow dark current. A readout circuit of passive quenching and active reset with a tunable hold-off time setting is further developed to significantly suppress the afterpulsing effect. The nonuniformity of photon detection efficiency (PDE) across the SPAD active area is investigated for performance optimization. The compact UVSPD shows a PDE of 10.3%, a dark count rate of 133 kcps, and an afterpulse probability of 0.3% at 266 nm, indicating its potential for practical ultraviolet photon-counting applications.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Jun-Tian Ye, Chao Yu, Wenwen Li, Zheng-Ping Li, Hai Lu, Rong Zhang, Jun Zhang, Feihu Xu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: We demonstrate photon-counting single-pixel imaging in the ultraviolet region using a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) as a high-performance compact single-photon detector. By developing a tailored readout circuit with active hold-off time, we restrain detector noise and operate the SPAD in the free-running mode. With structured illumination, we reconstruct compressed images at a 4 fps frame rate, demonstrating the capability of ultraviolet imaging applications.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhu Runze, Xu Fei
Summary: Multimode fiber (MMF) imaging, as a novel optical fiber imaging method, has the advantages of small device size, high resolution, large information capacity, and minimal invasion. It has the potential to become a new generation of high-resolution and low-invasive endoscope.
LASER & OPTOELECTRONICS PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jiayong Peng, Zhiwei Xiong, Hao Tan, Xin Huang, Zheng-Ping Li, Feihu Xu
Summary: Photon-efficient imaging using single-photon sensors to capture 3D images faces challenges of low photon counts/SBR and multiple returns. This paper proposes a unified deep neural network that tackles these challenges and simultaneously recovers depth and intensity information from photon-efficient measurements. The network exploits long-range correlations and incorporates a noise prior block to improve reconstruction performance. The proposed network achieves superior results under low photon counts/SBR and heavy blur, outperforming existing methods. Moreover, it generalizes well to real-world imaging systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
