Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel Kimble, Karen M. Keane, John K. Lodge, William Cheung, Crystal F. Haskell-Ramsay, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study found that chronic supplementation of tart Montmorency cherries can improve cognitive function and mood. The supplementation resulted in increased accuracy and decreased false alarm rates in a cognitive task, as well as higher alertness and lower mental fatigue ratings. The plasma metabolomics analysis showed an increase in amino acids after cherry intake. These results suggest that tart Montmorency cherries have anti-fatigue effects and can improve sustained attention during high cognitive demand.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Terun Desai, Michael Roberts, Lindsay Bottoms
Summary: This study found that Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation significantly improved cardiovascular metabolic health markers, including blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels, potentially preventing further deterioration of cardiovascular metabolic dysfunction in individuals with MetS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lucy Beishon, Victoria J. Haunton, Ronney B. Panerai
Summary: Hypertension and dementia are closely related, but the optimal blood pressure targets for dementia remain unclear. Both high and low blood pressure are associated with poorer cognition. The changes in vascular physiology in dementia may increase the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion associated with antihypertensives. Therefore, individualized blood pressure targets should be the focus for antihypertensive therapy in dementia.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Masahiro Horiuchi, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, Katsuhiro Koyama, Samuel J. J. Oliver
Summary: This study investigated the effects of 5-day tart cherry supplementation on hypoxic exercise performance, and found that tart cherry supplementation improved hypoxic exercise tolerance and resulted in lower HHb and higher StO(2) in the working muscles during submaximal exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tiffany Dodier, Kendall L. Anderson, James Bothwell, Janice Hermann, Edralin A. Lucas, Brenda J. Smith
Summary: Preclinical studies have shown that tart cherries protect against age-related and inflammation-induced bone loss. This study found that daily consumption of Montmorency tart cherry juice can reduce bone resorption without affecting bone formation and turnover biomarkers in older women.
Article
Horticulture
Zachary T. Brym, Brent L. Black
Summary: Commercial Montmorency tart cherry trees are grown in low-density systems in the United States. Orchard design has not significantly changed over the past 50 years, but management strategies vary from farm to farm, with canopy dimensions and dynamics being important considerations. Surveys of orchard design and canopy management across five commercial farms in Utah revealed trends in tree growth and canopy structure, highlighting a critical period for orchard management during the transition from establishment to maturity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Motoki Fujita, Yasutaka Oda, Kotaro Kaneda, Tadashi Kaneko, Eiichi Suehiro, Kenji Dohi, Yasuhiro Kuroda, Hitoshi Kobata, Ryosuke Tsuruta, Tsuyoshi Maekawa
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between the temperature difference between the jugular bulb and pulmonary artery (Delta Tjb-pa) and the neurological outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results showed that a reduction in Delta Tjb-pa and greater variation in Delta Tjb-pa were associated with an unfavorable outcome, especially in patients treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia (TH).
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Justine E. Moonen, Behnam Sabayan, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Mark A. van Buchem, Vilmundur Gudnason, Osorio Meirelles, Lenore J. Launer
Summary: Late-life diastolic blood pressure was negatively associated with cerebral blood flow, while late-life systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were positively associated. Higher cerebral blood flow was related to better cognitive performance and lower risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lina Bergman, Catherine Cluver, Niclas Carlberg, Michael Belfort, Mary C. Tolcher, Ronney B. Panerai, Teelkien van Veen
Summary: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation and cerebral perfusion pressure are altered in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, which may be important in the pathophysiological pathway and constitute a therapeutic target in the prevention of cerebral complications in preeclampsia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jason G. van Genderen, Malon van den Hof, Anne Marleen ter Haar, Charlotte Blokhuis, Vera C. Keil, Dasja Pajkrt, Henk J. M. M. Mutsaerts
Summary: Despite relatively normal CBF development in PHIV adolescents on cART, CBF decline is associated with cognitive impairment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan Sinclair, Gareth Shadwell, Stephanie Dillon, Robert Allan, Bobbie Butters, Lindsay Bottoms
Summary: This study aims to test the effects of Montmorency tart cherry and blueberry juice consumption on cardiometabolic outcomes compared to placebo. The research will recruit 45 individuals and analyze primary outcomes in systolic blood pressure differences and secondary outcomes in various physiological and psychological measures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maud M. van Dinther, Astrid E. Hooghiemstra, Esther Bron, Adriaan E. Versteeg, Anna Leeuwis, Tugba E. Kalay, Justine Moonen, Sanne H. Kuipers, Walter Backes, Jacobus F. A. Jansen, Mathias J. P. van Osch, Geert-Jan Biessels, Julie J. Staals, Robert van Oostenbrugge, Heart-Brain Connection consortium
Summary: Impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) at baseline is associated with faster cognitive decline in VCI and normal aging. Our results suggest that low CBF precedes and contributes to the development of vascular cognitive impairment. CBF determined by ASL might be used as a biomarker to monitor disease progression or treatment responses in VCI.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Naoe Nishihara, Jing Xiong, Jungsoo Kim, Hui Zhu, Richard de Dear
Summary: This study investigates the impact of thermal adaptive opportunities on cognitive performance and mental workload of building occupants. The findings suggest that the availability of adaptive opportunities can improve cognitive task performance and reduce mental fatigue, especially in a moderately warm environment.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jonathan Sinclair, Lindsay Bottoms, Stephanie Dillon, Robert Allan, Gareth Shadwell, Bobbie Butters
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of tart cherry and blueberry juices on cardiometabolic and other health indices. The findings showed that blueberry intake significantly improved total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, and also had a positive effect on psychological wellbeing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Samuel P. Klein, Veerle De Sloovere, Geert Meyfroidt, Bart Depreitere
Summary: This study provides new insights into the quadriphasic physiology of cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) and reveals substantial intersubject variability in the limits of CA.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Rachel Kimble, Katherine Jones, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Anthocyanins have potential to facilitate exercise recovery by improving antioxidant capacity, reducing inflammation, and enhancing strength and muscle soreness. The effects are dose-dependent.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sarah E. Costello, Jack R. W. Rossiter, Glyn Howatson, Phillip G. Bell, Barry O'Neill, Ken van Someren, Crystal F. Haskell-Ramsay
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intensified training on cognitive function, psychological state, and performance in trained cyclists. The findings showed that two weeks of intensified training resulted in overreaching, as demonstrated by decreased peak and mean power output, increased total mood disturbance, and disruption to recovery-stress balance. However, cognitive function remained unaffected during the training period, suggesting caution in using it as an early indicator of overreaching.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bryony A. Curry, Aimee L. Drane, Rebeca Atencia, Yedra Feltrer, Glyn Howatson, Thalita Calvi, Christopher Palmer, Sophie Moittie, Steve Unwin, Joshua C. Tremblay, Meg M. Sleeper, Michael L. Lammey, Steve Cooper, Mike Stembridge, Rob Shave
Summary: The study found differences in body weight, growth rate, and age at maturation between captive chimpanzees and wild chimpanzees. Adult body weight was greater in zoo and research chimpanzees compared to sanctuary chimpanzees. Sanctuary chimpanzees had slower growth rates, and male sanctuary chimpanzees had a later age at maturation for body weight.
Article
Sport Sciences
Carl Langan-Evans, Mark A. Hearris, Chloe Gallagher, Stephen Long, Craig Thomas, Andrew D. Moss, William Cheung, Glyn Howatson, James P. Morton
Summary: This study aimed to test the effects of a novel nutritional blend on subjective and objective measures of sleep. The results showed that the blend reduced sleep onset latency, increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and reduced morning sleepiness.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Steven J. Marshall, Kirsty M. Hicks, Glyn Howatson, Lisa Cox, Kevin Thomas
Summary: This study examined the validity and reliability of measuring patellar tendon (PT) cross-sectional area (CSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The findings indicate that both MRI and US can accurately estimate the PT CSA, with US measurements showing excellent reliability.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kia Salimi, Masoomeh Alvandi, Mahdi Saberi Pirouz, Kamran Rakhshan, Glyn Howatson
Summary: Skeletal muscle responds to exercise training by increasing muscle protein synthesis through the translation elongation pathway. This review highlights the impact of exercise training on this pathway, focusing on the molecular factors and the mode and volume of exercise training intervention.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Wippich, Glyn Howatson, Georgia Allen-Baker, Derek Farrell, Matthew Kiernan, Andrea Scott-Bell
Summary: This study conducted experiments on low socioeconomic status individuals and refugees in Lebanon, proving the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression symptoms. These findings contribute to the research base for under-researched populations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Natalie Dyas, David Green, Kevin Thomas, Esme Matthew, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between physical floor based performance measures and maximum Time of Flight (ToF) in elite gymnasts. The results showed that there were very large and large positive correlations between CMJ F-0 and ToF for seniors and juniors respectively, and very large positive correlations between CMJ height and total ToF for both seniors and juniors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that CMJ F-0 predicted 72% of ToF variability in seniors, while CMJ height, 10 to 5 Reactive Strength Index (RSI), and CMJ F-0 predicted 82% of ToF variability in juniors.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Rachelle Bester, Zinandre Stander, Shayne Mason, Karen M. Keane, Glyn Howatson, Tom Clifford, Emma J. Stevenson, Du Toit Loots
Summary: Extreme endurance events can have negative effects on athletes' health and performance, especially without sufficient recovery. This study aimed to understand the metabolic changes during post-marathon recovery and identify biomarkers related to stress, recovery, and adaptation. Using metabolomics, researchers found that several metabolites were significantly affected during recovery, including those related to energy production, gut microbiota, and muscle soreness. Although some metabolic pathways recovered within 48 hours, certain metabolites remained perturbed or fluctuated again after initial recovery.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Justin W. Andrushko, Joshua C. Carr, Jonathan P. Farthing, Lindsey K. Lepley, Jason M. Defreitas, Stuart Goodall, Ashlee M. Hendy, Glyn Howatson, Dustin R. Grooms, Tjerk Zult, Tibor Hortobagyi, Gulcan Harput, Maria Papandreou, Kazunori Nosaka, Richard G. Carson, Andrea Manca, Franca Deriu, David George Behm, Dawson J. Kidgell, Nicholas C. Clark, Lara A. Boyd
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Freddy Brown, Matt Hill, Derek Renshaw, Charles Pedlar, Jessica Hill, Ken van Someren, Glyn Howatson, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of compression garments on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. The results showed that compression garments did not enhance recovery but impaired the repeated bout effect at higher isokinetic velocities.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Janne Avela, Miro Enroth, Ella Haekkinen, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated the reliability of motor evoked potentials and lumbar evoked potentials at different stimulation intensities and contraction levels in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that MEPs and LEPs elicited in m.rectus femoris appear to be reliable to assess changes at different segments of the cortico-spinal tract during different contraction levels and stimulator output intensities. Furthermore, the TMS- and LS- elicited SP was a reliable tool considered to reflect inhibitory processes at spinal and cortical levels.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Yonas Akalu, Ashlyn K. Frazer, Glyn Howatson, Alan J. Pearce, Ummatul Siddique, Mohamad Rostami, Jamie Tallent, Dawson J. Kidgell
Summary: In addition to its established role in postural control, the reticulospinal tract (RST) has been found to be involved in strength, motor recovery, and other gross motor functions. This review aimed to determine the overall role of the RST in motor function and recovery. A literature search retrieved 32 eligible studies, including human and animal studies, that assessed the role of the RST. The findings suggest that the RST plays an important role in motor recovery, gross motor function, and strength gain, although further studies are needed to better understand its role in healthy individuals and its contribution to the development of spasticity.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Gonzalo Gomez-Guerrero, Paul Ansdell, Glyn Howatson, Janne Avela, Simon Walker
Summary: This study investigated spinal excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) silent period (SP) at different time delays in m.rectus femoris. The results showed that reduced spinal excitability was extended during 50% and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). In the future, paired TMS-lumbar stimulation (LS) could be a valuable method for studying changes in spinal excitability during SP and testing various neurophysiological phenomena.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Danny Lum, Glyn Howatson
Summary: This study compared the acute effects of isometric strength training and heavy resistance training on sprinting, jumping, and isometric strength performance. The results showed that acute heavy resistance training led to a greater reduction in sprinting strength performance and lower perceived recovery.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2023)