Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yixin Cui, Mengmeng Yang, Yilin Wang, Jianmin Ren, Peng Lin, Chen Cui, Jia Song, Qin He, Huiqing Hu, Kexin Wang, Yu Sun
Summary: This study found that MLT has a certain therapeutic effect on improving cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice, possibly by activating the TLR4/Akt/mTOR pathway to regulate autophagy, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and microglial apoptosis.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wei Wei, Zhentao Sun, Shifeng He, Wanyue Zhang, Sai Chen, Ya-Nan Cao, Ning Wang
Summary: Mechanical ventilation induced lung injury exacerbates brain injury in mice by increasing ATP production, activating P2Y1 receptor, and promoting DA release. Blockage of P2Y1 receptor or DA receptor alleviates brain injury induced by mechanical ventilation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fen Xiong, Kaiyan Gong, Hangying Xu, Yingxin Tu, Jiahui Lu, Yiyang Zhou, Wenting He, Wenqing Li, Chen Li, Liangcai Zhao, Hongchang Gao, Hong Zheng
Summary: This study explored the potential molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment induced by type 1 diabetes (T1D) using metabolomics and lipidomics. The results showed region-specific metabolic disorders in T1D mice, with higher lipid peroxidation in the frontal cortex. Activated microglia mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, leading to neuronal injury, particularly in the frontal cortex.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kaiyi Zhu, Xing Zhu, Shenghui Sun, Wei Yang, Shiqi Liu, Zhen Tang, Rong Zhang, Jian Li, Tao Shen, Mingyan Hei
Summary: In this study, it was found that TLR4 activation induced neuronal ferroptosis following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), and inhibition of TLR4 attenuated oxidative stress-induced damage, decreased the activation of ferroptosis, and attenuated neuroinflammation following HIBD, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. The results demonstrated that the inhibition of TLR4-p38 MAPK signaling modulates HIBD- or OGD-induced ferroptosis in neuronal cells and may play a novel role in brain homeostasis.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Laura Chavez, Julia Meguro, Shaoyi Chen, Vanessa Nunes de Paiva, Ronald Zambrano, Julia M. Eterno, Rahul Kumar, Matthew R. Duncan, Merline Benny, Karen C. Young, W. Dalton Dietrich, Roberta Brambilla, Shu Wu, Augusto F. Schmidt
Summary: Mechanical ventilation in preterm newborns can cause lung and brain inflammation, as well as activate pyroptosis pathways. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from neonatal rats with ventilation-induced lung injury can lead to neuroinflammation and activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D in the brain, mimicking the effects of mechanical ventilation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Nathalie Obadia, Giulia Andrade, Marina Leardini-Tristao, Leticia Albuquerque, Celina Garcia, Flavia Lima, Julio Daleprane, Hugo C. Castro-Faria-Neto, Eduardo Tibirica, Vanessa Estato
Summary: The study found that TLR4 is involved in the microvascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation associated with high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MS), and may have a causal role in the development of cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhen Yan, Yu-mei Liu, Wei-dong Wu, Yuhan Jiang, Lai-Bao Zhuo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanisms of ozone (O-3) in heat stress (HS)-induced cognitive impairment. The results showed that co-exposure to O-3 exacerbated the cognitive impairment induced by high temperature in rats, possibly through glial-mediated neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier disruption.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Shannon M. Fernando, Eddy Fan, Bram Rochwerg, Karen E. A. Burns, Laurent J. Brochard, Deborah J. Cook, Allan J. Walkey, Niall D. Ferguson, Catherine L. Hough, Daniel Brodie, Andrew J. E. Seely, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Jeffrey J. Perry, Alexandre Tran, Peter Tanuseputro, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng
Summary: The study showed that the use of lung-protective ventilation in the emergency department can lead to lower hospital mortality, decreased incidence of ARDS, shorter mechanical ventilation and hospital stay durations, and reduced total hospital costs for invasively ventilated patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Hong, Shiqing He, Qin Zou, Chong Li, Jianpeng Wang, Rui Chen
Summary: This study aims to validate whether eupatilin, the key bioactive component of Artemisia asiatica Nakai, can attenuate early brain injury (EBI) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and decipher its mechanism. The results showed that eupatilin can alleviate neurological injury, reduce brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, and suppress inflammatory responses. It was also found that eupatilin improves SAH-induced EBI through modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappa B pathway.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Denise Battaglini, Paolo Pelosi, Chiara Robba
Summary: Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death and disability, often accompanied by neurological and systemic complications. Supportive therapies such as mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic management, and temperature control have been used in post-cardiac arrest patients to protect the brain and lungs and prevent systemic complications. Lung-protective ventilation is now the standard of care for critically ill patients.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Mairi Ziaka, Aristomenis Exadaktylos
Summary: Experimental and clinical studies have shown that isolated acute brain injury can cause severe dysfunction of peripheral organs, especially the lung. The complex pathophysiology of brain-lung interactions involve factors like neurogenic pulmonary edema and inflammation. Prior research suggests that in an inflammatory environment, interventions like mechanical ventilation may contribute to lung injury development.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Francesca E. Mowry, Sarah C. Peaden, Javier E. Stern, Vinicia C. Biancardi
Summary: The study demonstrates that inhibiting TLR4 and AT1R in hypertensive rats can restore neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and autonomic dysfunction, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for hypertension.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kevin Akeret, Raphael M. Buzzi, Bart R. Thomson, Nina Schwendinger, Jan Klohs, Nadja Schulthess-Lutz, Livio Baselgia, Kerstin Hansen, Luca Regli, Florence Vallelian, Michael Hugelshofer, Dominik J. Schaer
Summary: This study reveals the spatiotemporal dynamics of inflammatory processes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The early inflammatory response in the choroid plexus (CP) precedes the inflammation and leukocyte infiltration at the lesion site. This early response is dependent on TLR4-MyD88 signaling. Targeting the early CP activation may modulate the development of secondary brain injury after ICH.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jose Dianti, Samira Fard, Jenna Wong, Timothy C. Y. Chan, Lorenzo Del Sorbo, Eddy Fan, Marcelo B. Passos Amato, John Granton, Lisa Burry, W. Darlene Reid, Binghao Zhang, Damian Ratano, Shaf Keshavjee, Arthur S. Slutsky, Laurent J. Brochard, Niall D. Ferguson, Ewan C. Goligher
Summary: This study aimed to optimize respiratory effort in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) to achieve lung- and diaphragm-protective (LDP) targets. Titrating ventilation and sedation could optimize respiratory effort for lung and diaphragm protection in most patients, and the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) facilitated the delivery of a LDP strategy. Partial neuromuscular blockade (pNMBA) treatment was effective for patients with excessive respiratory effort.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Giovanni Giordano, Francesco Pugliese, Federico Bilotta
Summary: Animal studies suggest that mechanical ventilation may lead to neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and cognitive impairment, especially with sub-optimal settings. Further research with appropriate methodology is needed for serum monitoring strategies.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)