Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Wei Ding, Jin Liu
Summary: Rutin treatment was found to enhance biomass and astaxanthin accumulation in Chromochloris zofingiensis, resulting in increased astaxanthin production. Rutin-treated C. zofingiensis showed higher levels of chlorophylls, proteins, and lipids and lower carbohydrate levels. Rutin promoted intracellular abscisic acid (ABA) levels, which further increased biomass concentration and astaxanthin accumulation.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Eleanor E. Wood, Michael E. Ross, Sebastien Jubeau, Valeria Montalescot, Michele S. Stanley
Summary: This review paper assesses the research progress and identifies the necessary steps to establish a biorefinery approach for C. zofingiensis. The advantages of targeting C. zofingiensis as a species for biorefinery, including its cellular structure, potential products, and methods to accumulate desirable components via altered culture conditions, are discussed. The challenges and potential solutions for successful biorefinery of this species are also reviewed.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zeynep Busra Cakir, Melek Ozkan
Summary: Cultivation of microalgae with high lipid content for biodiesel production can be simplified and made more cost-efficient by combining heterotrophic metabolism with attached cultivation. The use of agar media for surface cultivation allows for homogeneous distribution of cultures with high solid content and easy harvesting. Optimal operational parameters were determined to maximize lipid production. Compared to traditional methods, agar-attached cultivation offers advantages such as low energy input, simple harvesting, and no need for dewatering or drying during biomass extraction. This study demonstrates the potential of agar-attached cultivation for improving the efficiency and feasibility of using microalgae as an alternative fuel source.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Qiaohong Chen, Yi Chen, Qiang Hu, Danxiang Han
Summary: The utilization of gibberellic acid-3, high carbon/nitrogen ratio, and salinity concentration can effectively enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis in Chromochloris zofingiensis under heterotrophic conditions. Metabolomics analysis revealed that enhanced glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathways, and tricarboxylic acid cycle led to astaxanthin accumulation. Increased fatty acids also contributed to astaxanthin esterification. The addition of appropriate concentrations of glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid promoted astaxanthin biosynthesis and biomass yield in C. zofingiensis.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Davood Mirzaei, Mohammadhadi Jazini, Mohammadhosein Rahimi, Majid Mahdieh, Keikhosro Karimi
Summary: Astaxanthin-rich carotenoids were produced from the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis through an integrated biorefinery. The simultaneous effects of high light intensity and nitrogen starvation resulted in high carotenoid production, with a significant amount of astaxanthin. A novel extraction method using ultrasonic-milling pretreatment reduced extraction time and solvent usage. The biorefinery system produced ethanol and biomethane, generating high energy and carotenoid yields.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yu Zhang, Ying Ye, Fan Bai, Jin Liu
Summary: Chromochloris zofingiensis is considered a promising feedstock for biodiesel production due to its ability to accumulate high levels of triacylglycerol and synthesize high-value keto-carotenoids. With the development of genetic tools, C. zofingiensis has become an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis, and strategies for trait improvements in triacylglycerol and astaxanthin synthesis have been discussed.
BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qiaohong Chen, Yi Chen, Quan Xu, Hu Jin, Qiang Hu, Danxiang Han
Summary: This study established a two-stage heterotrophic cultivation process to enhance the growth and astaxanthin accumulation of Chromochloris zofingiensis. By optimizing culture conditions and adding gibberellic Acid-3 (GA3) as well as increasing the C/N ratio and NaCl concentration, the researchers achieved high biomass and astaxanthin yield, surpassing the previous records.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Eleanor E. Wood, Michael E. Ross, Sebastien Jubeau, Valeria Montalescot, Karen MacKechnie, Ryan E. Marchington, Matthew P. Davey, Sharon McNeill, Callum Hamilton, Michele S. Stanley
Summary: Upscaling algal cultures from laboratory to pilot-scale is crucial for larger industrial applications, especially when screening novel algal species for biochemical and nutraceutical markets. This study focuses on Chromochloris zofingiensis, a potential competitor to Haematococcus sp. for natural astaxanthin production, and demonstrates its scalability potential using a phototrophic-mixotrophic approach.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Idan Koren, Sammy Boussiba, Inna Khozin-Goldberg, Aliza Zarka
Summary: Microalgae like Chromochloris zofingiensis are plant-like micro-organisms that can capture light energy through photosynthesis to produce high value pharmaceutical and nutritional pigments. Understanding their growth characteristics is crucial for efficient commercial production. By staining the nucleus of the alga, researchers found that C. zofingiensis cells conduct consecutive DNA synthesis and divisions before dividing into daughter cells. This process is influenced by light conditions and can be applied for high pigment productivity in biotechnological applications.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jun-Hui Chen, Dong Wei, Phaik-Eem Lim, Jun Xie, Wei Ning Chen
Summary: A two-stage screening approach using chemical inducers was conducted to enhance astaxanthin and lipid production in mixotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis. Results showed that oxidants and pyruvic acid significantly increased the contents of astaxanthin and lipids in the algae. The study highlights the potential of chemical inducers for improving production in mixotrophic C. zofingiensis.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dongzhe Sun, Zhao Zhang
Summary: This study revealed that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS is the key regulator in astaxanthin and fatty acid accumulation in the green alga Zofingiensis under nitrogen starvation conditions.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Niklas Reichelt, Dorian Leger, Mareike Daubert, Paolo Ruffino, Thomas Proeschold, Tatyana Darienko
Summary: The study revealed that multiple strains of Chromochloris zofingiensis belong to the same species and showed potential in terms of cryopreservation and subsequent epigenetic variability. These strains demonstrated high biomass and carotenoid production in biotechnological applications.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yang Xu, Xue Pan, Junhao Lu, Juli Wang, Qiyuan Shan, Jake Stout, Guanqun Chen
Summary: Our study reveals the functional divergence of plant-like WS in plants and microalgae, with positive selection likely contributing to functional differences in different environments. Specifically, the putative plant-like WS (CzWS1) in Chromochloris zofingiensis functions in wax ester biosynthesis but shows different expression patterns compared to jojoba WS, indicating potential divergent functions.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ying Ye, Wei Ding, Junchao Huang, Jin Liu
Summary: The green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis is a potential alternative producer of value-added ketocarotenoids. Mutants czchy1 and czchy2 showed significant changes in carotenoid profile, with czchy1 accumulating the highest level of canthaxanthin under high light and nitrogen deprivation conditions. The molecular characterization of czchy1 revealed mutations in the CHYb gene, leading to decreased enzyme activity and altered gene expression. czchy1 likely employs a combination of strategies to enhance canthaxanthin accumulation.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lorenzo Vitali, Veronica Lolli, Francesco Sansone, Amit Kumar, Alessandro Concas, Giovanni Antonio Lutzu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of salt and chemical stress on lipid content and FAME profile in Chromochloris zofingiensis. The results show that salt stress leads to higher lipid content compared to chemical stress, while the effect on lipid productivity is negligible.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanxiu Cao, Xin Chen, Yaoxian Chin, Jinkai Zheng, Phaik Eem Lim, Changhu Xue, Qingjuan Tang
Summary: The study demonstrated that curcumin showed hypoglycemic effects by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase and DPP-4 enzymes, improving diet-induced hyperglycemia in mice. It upregulated gene expression related to DPP-4 activity and is considered a potential ingredient in functional foods for managing diet-induced hyperglycemia.
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Qing Zhang, Ruzhen Yang, Phaik Eem Lim, Yaoxian Chin, Sainan Zhou, Yuan Gao, Qingjuan Tang
Summary: The study investigated the effects of Kappaphycus alvarezii on 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis, showing that Kappaphycus alvarezii can alleviate inflammation and promote weight gain. Air-dried Kappaphycus alvarezii may be more effective than sun-dried Kappaphycus alvarezii, although the exact mechanism still requires further study.
NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
Georgia M. Ward, Cicilia S. B. Kambey, Joseph P. Faisan, Pui-Ling Tan, Caroline C. Daumich, Ivy Matoju, Grant D. Stentiford, David Bass, Phaik-Eem Lim, Juliet Brodie, Sze-Wan Poong
Summary: Seaweeds play a significant role in global aquaculture production, with red algae like eucheumatoids being commercially cultivated for carrageenan production. 'Ice-ice' disease (IID) presents a major challenge in eucheumatoid cultivation, causing bleaching and tissue disintegration in affected algae. By utilizing comprehensive approaches, including high-throughput sequencing and high-quality microscopy, a better understanding of IID's pathological and microbiological processes can be achieved to mitigate economic losses.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jun-Hui Chen, Dong Wei, Phaik-Eem Lim, Jun Xie, Wei Ning Chen
Summary: A two-stage screening approach using chemical inducers was conducted to enhance astaxanthin and lipid production in mixotrophic Chromochloris zofingiensis. Results showed that oxidants and pyruvic acid significantly increased the contents of astaxanthin and lipids in the algae. The study highlights the potential of chemical inducers for improving production in mixotrophic C. zofingiensis.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pui-Ling Tan, Sze-Wan Poong, Ji Tan, Janina Brakel, Claire Gachon, Juliet Brodie, Ahemad Sade, Phaik-Eem Lim
Summary: This study analyzed the genetic diversity of cultivars of carrageenophytes in Malaysia and found a limited gene pool. It suggests the need for new or genetically diverse cultivars to adapt to environmental changes and ensure a more sustainable carrageenan industry.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Acga Cheng, Wai Yin Lim, Phaik-Eem Lim, Affendi Yang Amri, Sze-Wan Poong, Sze-Looi Song, Zul Ilham
Summary: Species invasion is a leading threat to marine ecosystems worldwide, along with climate change. Maintaining the ecological balance of the largest biome in the world has become a pivotal part of the Sustainable Development Goals. Marine herbivores play a crucial role in controlling the spread of invasive species, and their feeding behavior is influenced by the nutritional attributes, morphology, and novelty of autotrophs. This comprehensive review focuses on the interactions between macroalgae and generalist herbivores, discussing their defense strategies and potential roles in maintaining marine ecosystems. Future research should consider various factors that can affect the dynamics of marine autotroph-herbivore interactions to resolve inconsistent results.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sze-Looi Song, Hoi-Sen Yong, Kah-Ooi Chua, Praphathip Eamsobhana, Phaik-Eem Lim, Gan Chan
Summary: This study investigated the bacterial communities in the larvae and adult beetles of Podontia affinis and Silana farinosa using metagenomics sequencing. The results revealed that the predominant phylum in P. affinis larvae was Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria, while it was Proteobacteria in adult P. affinis and S. farinosa. The bacterial species richness of adult P. affinis was significantly higher than that of adult S. farinosa. These findings provide new insights into the bacteria associated with chrysomelid beetles.
BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Noraikim Mohd Hanafiah, Acga Cheng, Phaik-Eem Lim, Gomathy Sethuraman, Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain, Niranjan Baisakh, Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
Summary: This study developed a universal multiplex assay that can simultaneously screen grain quality and biotic stress resistance traits in rice. This can be useful for rice breeding initiatives in Malaysia and other resource-constrained countries, as well as for screening Malaysian weedy rice that may contain novel sources of disease resistance.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yong-Hao Tan, Sze-Wan Poong, Cing-Han Yang, Phaik-Eem Lim, Beardall John, Tun-Wen Pai, Siew-Moi Phang
Summary: Human emissions of carbon dioxide are causing irreversible changes in oceans and impacting marine phytoplankton. This study found that picochlorophytes, a group of small green algae, can thrive and adapt to high CO2 levels, involving gene regulation and redistribution of metabolites.
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Fisheries
Vaibhav A. Mantri, Cicilia S. B. Kambey, Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook, Sara Usandizaga, Alejandro H. Buschmann, Ik Kyo Chung, Tao Liu, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Zizhong Qi, Phaik Eem Lim, Nguyen Van Nguyen
Summary: Gracilaria aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry that contributes significantly to the global seaweed supply chain. Despite the importance of biosecurity, it is often overlooked. China and other Asian countries dominate global gracilarioids aquaculture, but there are gaps in their national policies and regulations. The paper suggests implementing biosecurity management strategies and discusses the impending biosecurity measures in emerging countries in this industry.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sze-Looi Song, Hoi-Sen Yong, Kah-Ooi Chua, Phaik-Eem Lim, Praphathip Eamsobhana
Summary: This study compared the microbiota diversity associated with wild adult male fruit flies (Bactrocera melastomatos and Bactrocera umbrosa) infesting different host plant families. The results showed variations in bacterial composition and diversity within and between the two fruit fly species, suggesting the influence of host plants on the microbiota.
Article
Entomology
Hoi-Sen Yong, Sze-Looi Song, Kah-Ooi Chua, Yvonne Jing Mei Liew, I. Wayan Suana, Phaik-Eem Lim, Kok-Gan Chan, Praphathip Eamsobhana
Summary: The mitochondrial genomes of three fruit fly species from the Zeugodacus genus show similarities in gene order and structure, but differences in certain gene features and taxonomic status. More sampling of different taxonomic units is needed to clarify their classification.
ARTHROPOD SYSTEMATICS & PHYLOGENY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Li-Chia Liu, Showe-Mei Lin, Phaik-Eem Lim
Summary: This study analyzed the species diversity of Crustaphytum and Mesophyllum-like specimens from the Asian-Pacific region. The results showed that most Mesophyllum-like specimens actually belonged to Crustaphytum. Three new species of Crustaphytum were also discovered, and their morphology and distribution were described.
Article
Ecology
Kok Ping Lim, Jinfeng Ding, Kar Hoe Loh, Chengjun Sun, Sumiani Yusoff, Shyama Sundari Devi Chanthran, Phaik Eem Lim
Summary: This study investigated the occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of crescent perch in Malaysia and found high levels of microplastic contamination. The study also found that the microplastics were predominantly fibres and that crescent perch primarily ingested blue and black microplastics. The findings from this study provide initial evidence that microplastic contamination is a threat to crescent perch and the Malaysian water ecosystem.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Pei -Tian Goh, Sze-Wan Poong, Xinqing Zheng, Tao Liu, Zhizhong Qi, John Beardall, Tun -Wen Pai, Phaik-Eem Lim
Summary: This study investigated the growth, photosynthetic efficiency, pigment content, agar properties, and metabolite composition of G. salicornia under simulated elevated pCO(2) levels. The results showed that this alga has the ability to adapt to higher pCO(2) levels, and its metabolite regulation is more influenced by culture duration rather than pCO(2) levels.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
