Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Gogolev, Toni Pikkarainen, Juho Kauppinen, Carl Linderholm, Britt-Marie Steenari, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of biomass is a promising technology for power generation with integrated carbon capture, but the alkali content of biomass may lead to bed agglomeration and oxygen carrier absorption issues. Studies have shown that gas-phase alkali emissions in CLC operation can be up to 15 times higher than in OCAC operation, mainly due to steam accelerating the decomposition of alkali compounds in the biomass.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qi Hong, Peng Wang, Ziying Chen, Zhen Huang, Laihong Shen, Tao Song
Summary: Red mud shows low reactivity with methane and better reactivity with biomass char. It exhibits stable reactivity during oxygen carrier cycles, but tends to agglomerate during methane fluidized bed experiments.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Wang Du, Liping Ma, Jing Yang, Wei Zhang, Ran Ao
Summary: The study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for producing syngas through lignite chemical looping gasification with phosphogypsum as the oxygen carrier, and established a fuel reaction kinetics model. It was found that the fluidized bed structure was beneficial for the progress of the gasification reaction.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
J. Manu, Vasudeva Madav
Summary: With the global energy scenario and rising crude oil prices, there is a growing interest in alternative energy sources. In this study, biomass gasification using steam and CO2 mixture is investigated to enhance energy production efficiency, optimize syngas quality by controlling temperature and steam to biomass ratio.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Shen Wang, Xianglei Yin, Kolja Jarolin, Timo Dymala, Jiale Xu, Shangyi Yin, Maksym Dosta, Tao Song, Stefan Heinrich, Laihong Shen
Summary: The study reveals that the mechanical strength evolution of biomass pellets during CLG process is a gradual process from the surface to the internal structure. The penetration of oxygen carrier through pores and/or cracks, along with rapid volatiles release causing internal overpressure, are significant factors leading to breakage and attrition of the internal carbon skeleton. A thermal-damage model is developed to predict the mechanical strength of pellets during CLG process.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ratnakumar V. Kappagantula, Gordon D. Ingram, Hari B. Vuthaluru
Summary: Chemical Looping Combustion technologies have the ability to capture carbon dioxide and are modeled using a specialized Fluidized Bed Reactor block in Aspen Plus. Sensitivity studies showed that solid volume fraction decreases with bed height and superficial velocity, while the height to diameter ratio of the fluidized bed is an important variable in reactor design.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Liqiang Lu, Cheng Li, Steven Rowan, Bryan Hughes, Xi Gao, Mehrdad Shahnam, William A. Rogers
Summary: This research utilized a video-based continuous measurement method to investigate the elutriation rate of biochar in a fluidized bed, simulated using computational fluid dynamics-coarse-grained discrete element method (CFD-CGDEM) in MFiX. The study found that the fluidization behavior of nonspherical sands can be accurately captured with the use of a rolling friction model, and the predicted elutriation rate closely matched experimental results when considering particle size distributions and using a shape-corrected filtered drag. These findings validate the accuracy of the MFiX-based CFD framework for predicting biochar elutriations in fluidized bed biomass fast pyrolysis reactors.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cetera Chen, Seng-Rung Wu, Ching-Ti Kao
Summary: This study aimed to develop a fluidized-bed chemical looping system using BOF slag as an oxygen carrier and methane as a fuel to produce heat for the steelmaking process. The experimental results indicated that the methane conversion rate increased with an increase in the methane concentrations and the reaction temperature.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jingchun Yan, Tianxu Shen, Peng Wang, Xianglei Yin, Xiao Zhu, Shouxi Jiang, Laihong Shen
Summary: An innovative fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer was designed to study the performance of oxygen carriers in chemical looping combustion processes, revealing that high-grade manganese ore with less silicon content is more suitable for industrial CLC pilots.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nasrin Nemati, Magnus Ryden
Summary: The study investigated chemical-looping combustion in a packed-fluidized bed reactor and found that fuel conversion is greatly influenced by oxygen carrier bed height and the type of packing used. Using different types of packing can significantly improve fuel conversion efficiency, with different packings yielding different effects.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anders Lyngfelt, David Pallares, Carl Linderholm, Fredrik Lind, Henrik Thunman, Bo Leckner
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) has the potential to avoid the high costs and energy penalties of existing CO2 capture technologies. It transfers oxygen to the fuel using an oxygen carrier, separating air and fuel. This results in separate streams of CO2 and H2O, with relatively pure CO obtained after condensation of H2O. The circulation of oxygen and heat to the fuel reactor is crucial in CLC, which is typically a dual fluidized bed process. While many oxygen carriers have been successfully used in pilot operation, little consideration has been given to achieving sufficient circulation in an industrial-scale system.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tobias Proell, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: The combination of chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and steam methane reforming (SMR) is a promising method for CO(2) capture and hydrogen production. By optimizing the dimensions of the SMR tube, it is possible to improve the performance and reduce the necessary tube length. Simulation results show that using smaller tube diameters can significantly decrease the required tube length for equivalent gas conversion.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Cesar Alvarez-Bermudez, Andres Anca-Couce, Sergio Chapela, Robert Scharler, Markus Buchmayr, Miguel Angel Gomez, Jacobo Porteiro
Summary: This study presents a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics study of a small-scale biomass combustion system operating with low primary air ratios. The model accurately predicts the temperature profiles, pyrolysis reactions, and the influence of fuel moisture content on the combustion process. It can accurately simulate biomass combustion systems with solid fuel beds consisting of numerous particles, while maintaining low computational requirements.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Vlad-Cristian Sandu, Calin-Cristian Cormos, Ana-Maria Cormos
Summary: This study developed a dynamic multiscale model and a CFD multilayer particle model to simulate and investigate packed bed syngas CLC process. The results showed that larger particle sizes and lower flow rates can reduce pressure drops, while smaller particle sizes contribute to higher energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Junjie Lin, Liyan Sun, Kun Luo, Dali Kong, Jianren Fan
Summary: In this study, three-dimensional simulations were used to investigate the flow behavior and reaction characteristics of a chemical looping combustion system. The numerical models developed in this work can be utilized for system design and scale-up, and the operating temperature and solid inventory have significant effects on system performance.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Cameron Bracken, Nathalie Voisin, Casey D. Burleyson, Allison M. Campbell, Z. Jason Hou, Daniel Broman
Summary: This study presents a methodology and dataset for examining compound wind and solar energy droughts, as well as the first standardized benchmark of energy droughts across the Continental United States (CONUS) for a 2020 infrastructure. The results show that compound wind and solar droughts have distinct spatial and temporal patterns across the CONUS, and the characteristics of energy droughts are regional. The study also finds that compound high load events occur more often during compound wind and solar droughts than expected.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ning Zhang, Yanghao Yu, Jiawei Wu, Ershun Du, Shuming Zhang, Jinyu Xiao
Summary: This paper provides insights into the optimal configuration of CSP plants with different penetrations of wind power by proposing an unconstrained optimization model. The results suggest that large solar multiples and TES are preferred in order to maximize profit, especially when combined with high penetrations of wind and photovoltaic plants. Additionally, the study demonstrates the economy and feasibility of installing electric heaters (EH) in CSP plants, which show a linear correlation with the penetration of variable energy resources.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
M. Szubel, K. Papis-Fraczek, S. Podlasek
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. Silva, J. C. Goncalves, C. Rocha, J. Vilaca, L. M. Madeira
Summary: This study investigated the methanation of CO2 in biogas and compared two different methanation reactors. The results showed that the cooled reactor without CO2 separation achieved a CO2 conversion rate of 91.8%, while the adiabatic reactors achieved conversion rates of 59.6% and 67.2%, resulting in an overall conversion rate of 93.0%. Economic analysis revealed negative net present worth values, indicating the need for government monetary incentives.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Yonglan Xi, Xiaomei Ye, Yingpeng Zhang, Chengcheng Wang, Zhaoyan Jia, Chunhui Cao, Ting Han, Jing Du, Xiangping Kong, Zhongbing Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of using nanofiber membrane composites containing Prussian blue-like compound nanoparticles (PNPs) to relieve ammonia nitrogen inhibition of rural organic household waste during high-solid anaerobic digestion and increase methane production. The results showed that adding NMCs with 15% PNPs can lower the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ammonia nitrogen, and increase methane yield.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhong Ge, Xiaodong Wang, Jian Li, Jian Xu, Jianbin Xie, Zhiyong Xie, Ruiqu Ma
Summary: This study evaluates the thermodynamic, exergy, and economic performance of a double-stage organic flash cycle (DOFC) using ten eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins. The influences of key parameters on performance are analyzed, and the advantages of DOFC over single-stage type are quantified.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nicolas Kirchner-Bossi, Fernando Porte-Agel
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of power density in wind farms and its sensitivity to the available area size. A novel genetic algorithm (PDGA) is introduced to optimize power density and turbine layout. The results show that the PDGA-driven solutions significantly reduce the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to the default layout, and exhibit a convex relationship between area and LCOE or power density.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chunxiao Zhang, Dongdong Li, Lin Wang, Qingpo Yang, Yutao Guo, Wei Zhang, Chao Shen, Jihong Pu
Summary: In this study, a novel reversible liquid-filled energy-saving window that effectively regulates indoor solar radiation heat gain is proposed. Experimental results show that this window can effectively reduce indoor temperature during both summer and winter seasons, while having minimal impact on indoor illuminance.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alessandro L. Aguiar, Martinho Marta-Almeida, Mauro Cirano, Janini Pereira, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha
Summary: This study analyzed the Brazilian Equatorial Shelf using a high-resolution ocean model and found significant tidal variations in the area. Several hypothetical barrages were proposed with higher annual power generation than existing barrages. The study also evaluated the installation effort of these barrages.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesco Superchi, Nathan Giovannini, Antonis Moustakis, George Pechlivanoglou, Alessandro Bianchini
Summary: This study focuses on the optimization of a hybrid power station on the Tilos island in Greece, aiming to increase energy export and revenue by optimizing energy fluxes. Different scenarios are proposed to examine the impact of different agreements with the grid operator on the optimal solution.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Peimaneh Shirazi, Amirmohammad Behzadi, Pouria Ahmadi, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This research presents two novel energy production/storage/usage systems to reduce energy consumption and environmental effects in buildings. A biomass-fired model and a solar-driven system integrated with photovoltaic thermal (PVT) panels and a heat pump were designed and assessed. The results indicate that the solar-based system has an acceptable energy cost and the PVT-based system with a heat pump is environmentally superior. The biomass-fired system shows excellent efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zihao Qi, Yingling Cai, Yunxiang Cui
Summary: This study aims to investigate the operational characteristics of the solar-ground source heat pump system (SGSHPS) in Shanghai under different operation modes. It concludes that tandem operation mode 1 is the optimal mode for winter operation in terms of energy efficiency.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
L. Bartolucci, S. Cordiner, A. Di Carlo, A. Gallifuoco, P. Mele, V. Mulone
Summary: Spent coffee grounds are a valuable biogenic waste that can be used as a source of biofuels and valuable chemicals through pyrolysis and solvent extraction processes. The study found that heavy organic bio-oil derived from coffee grounds can be used as a carbon-rich biofuel, while solvent extraction can extract xantines and p-benzoquinone, which are important chemicals for various industries. The results highlight the promising potential of solvent extraction in improving the economic viability of coffee grounds pyrolysis-based biorefineries.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Luiza de Queiroz Correa, Diego Bagnis, Pedro Rabelo Melo Franco, Esly Ferreira da Costa Junior, Andrea Oliveira Souza da Costa
Summary: Building-integrated photovoltaics, especially organic solar technology, are important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. This study analyzed the performance of organic panels laminated in glass in a vertical installation in Latin America. Results showed that glass lamination and vertical orientation preserved the panels' performance and led to higher energy generation in winter.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhipei Hu, Shuo Jiang, Zhigao Sun, Jun Li
Summary: This study proposes innovative fin arrangements to enhance the thermal performance of latent heat storage units. Through optimization of fin distribution and prediction of transient melting behaviors, it is found that fin structures significantly influence heat transfer characteristics and melting behaviors.