Review
Neurosciences
Junxuan Lyu, Di Xie, Tarun N. Bhatia, Rehana K. Leak, Xiaoming Hu, Xiaoyan Jiang
Summary: The article discusses the roles of microglia and macrophages in the neuropathological processes of stroke patients, as well as their functions in brain injury and repair. Additionally, it summarizes current breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies that modulate microglia and macrophage responses.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yehao Zhang, Lan Miao, Qing Peng, Xiaodi Fan, Wenting Song, Bin Yang, Peng Zhang, Guangyu Liu, Jianxun Liu
Summary: The study demonstrates that Parthenolide (PTL) can regulate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic brain injury by modulating microglial polarization via the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Article
Immunology
Jinqing Lai, Genwang Chen, Zhe Wu, Shaoyang Yu, Rongfu Huang, Yile Zeng, Weibin Lin, Chunmei Fan, Xiangrong Chen
Summary: PHLDA1 plays a crucial role in the immune response after SAH by balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, which reduces neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and improves neurological outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiangxiu Chen, Junshu Xue, Junjie Zou, Xinghong Zhao, Lixia Li, Renyong Jia, Yuanfeng Zou, Hongping Wan, Yaqin Chen, Xun Zhou, Gang Ye, Lizi Yin, Xiaoxia Liang, Changliang He, Ling Zhao, Huaqiao Tang, Cheng Lv, Xu Song, Zhongqiong Yin
Summary: This study demonstrated that Resveratrol (Res) could protect mice from pseudorabies virus-induced encephalitis by regulating microglia polarization and neuronal apoptosis. Res reduced blood-brain barrier permeability in PRV-infected mice and decreased the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, and ZO-1 in the cortex. It also inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines while increasing the expressions of anti-inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factor in the brain. In vitro experiments showed that Res suppressed M1 microglia polarization and activated M2 microglia polarization. Co-culture experiments indicated that Res alleviated inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Donghai Li, Tianpeng He, Yue Zhang, Junru Liu, Haiyu Zhao, Dongliang Wang, Quanchao Wang, Shengxiang Zhang, Yuan Yuan
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability globally, with neuroinflammation playing a key role in its development. Microglia, the primary immune cells in the brain, undergo rapid activation and polarization following ischemic stroke, which is crucial in regulating the inflammatory response. Melatonin, a promising neuroprotective agent, can regulate microglial polarization in central nervous system diseases, but its specific mechanism in protecting against ischemic stroke-induced brain injury remains unclear.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Haijian Wu, Jingwei Zheng, Shenbin Xu, Yuanjian Fang, Yingxi Wu, Jianxiong Zeng, Anwen Shao, Ligen Shi, Jianan Lu, Shuhao Mei, Xiaoyu Wang, Xinying Guo, Yirong Wang, Zhen Zhao, Jianmin Zhang
Summary: Mer plays an important role in regulating microglial/macrophage M1/M2 polarization and neuroinflammation following TBI, potentially serving as a therapeutic target for intervention. Activation of the STAT1/SOCS1/3 pathway by Mer contributes to its regulatory function in this process.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lingqi Kong, Wenyu Li, E. Chang, Wuxuan Wang, Nan Shen, Xiang Xu, Xinyue Wang, Yan Zhang, Wen Sun, Wei Hu, Pengfei Xu, Xinfeng Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that STING, activated by mtDNA, promotes microglial polarization towards the M1 phenotype following ischemic stroke. Inhibition of STING may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuroinflammation and improve stroke outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Fernandez-Mendivil, Enrique Luengo, Paula Trigo-Alonso, Nuria Garcia-Magro, Pilar Negredo, Manuela G. Lopez
Summary: The study revealed that overexpression of HO-1 in microglial cells in aged mice leads to neurotoxic iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and cognitive decline. Inhibiting HO-1 or using an iron chelator can prevent these issues, providing new insights for treating age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Immunology
Gang Luo, Xiaofeng Wang, Yongchen Cui, Yue Cao, Zhe Zhao, Junfeng Zhang
Summary: Surgical trauma induces metabolic reprogramming in the hippocampus, leading to activation of microglial M1 polarization and subsequent neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Inhibition of glycolysis alleviates the increase of M1 phenotype and pro-inflammatory mediators, and ameliorates cognitive deficits caused by surgical trauma. Manipulating microglial metabolism could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Jiaying Zheng, Madhuvika Murugan, Lingxiao Wang, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglia play a crucial role in spinal cord injury, but excessive activation can cause secondary damage. The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is found to regulate microglial activation and its deficiency can alleviate secondary damage and improve neuronal recovery.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yongfang Zhang, Yan Gao, Fan Yang, Xiuying Wu, Zhiyin Tang, Hongtao Liu
Summary: Sevoflurane induces endogenous apoptosis in fetal rats, and neuroglobin can moderate this response by inhibiting neuroinflammation and affecting microglial polarization, possibly through the IL-10/STAT3/SOCS3 pathway.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiaotian Xu, Lin Du, Jianxiong Jiang, Ming Yang, Zhaoxia Wang, Yingge Wang, Tieyu Tang, Xuetao Fu, Jiukuan Hao
Summary: Hypertension and aging are prominent risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease by inducing neuroinflammation. Microglial TREM2 plays a role in neuroinflammation and regulation of A1 astrocytic activation.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Octavio Garcia, Lisi Flores-Aguilar
Summary: Down syndrome is caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disability. Individuals with DS may develop clinical symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease in middle adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mario Vailati-Riboni, Laurie Rund, Maria Elisa Caetano-Silva, Noah T. Hutchinson, Selena S. Wang, Katiria Soto-Diaz, Jeffrey A. Woods, Andrew J. Steelman, Rodney W. Johnson
Summary: With increasing age, microglia shift towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, but increasing dietary fiber intake may prevent or reverse this dysregulation. Inulin supplementation can increase the levels of SCFAs in the cecum and restore microglial gene expression and TNF-α secretion to a more youthful state.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yicong Wei, Jianxiong Chen, Guo-En Cai, Wei Lu, Wei Xu, Ruiguo Wang, Yu Lin, Chengzi Yang
Summary: The study found that rosmarinic acid can inhibit microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype and promote polarization to the M2 phenotype under conditions of neuroinflammation. An increase in mitochondrial respiration and metabolic reprogramming are necessary for this process. Additionally, the study suggests that regulation of HIF expression through the PDPK1/Akt/mTOR pathway by rosmarinic acid may offer a potential therapeutic approach for inhibiting neuroinflammation by modulating microglial M1/M2 polarization.