Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hai-Tao Deng, Dan-Liang Wen, Tao Feng, Yi-Lin Wang, Xin-Ran Zhang, Peng Huang, Xiao-Sheng Zhang
Summary: Wearable electronics play an important role in the Internet of Things, and efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of traditional functional materials by using composite engineering to develop stretchable electronics with different functions. This article focuses on silicone rubber-based conductive composites, including their conductivity mechanisms, synthesis methods, and applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Bing Zhu, Chi Ma, Zhihui Qian, Lei Ren, Hengyi Yuan
Summary: In this study, a stretchable multimodal tactile sensor based on conductive rubber composites was fabricated, which could simultaneously measure pressure and temperature with high sensitivity and outstanding processability, stretchability, and repeatability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinlei Miao, Tingting Fan
Summary: With the emergence of smart wearable electronics, the demand for flexible and stretchable transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) has increased. Graphene, a novel two-dimensional carbon material, has unique properties that make it an ideal candidate for elastic TCEs. This review comprehensively summarizes the advancements in graphene-based elastic TCEs and discusses the strategies and mechanisms for achieving high mechanical flexibility and transparency.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kory Schlingman, Gloria M. D'Amaral, R. Stephen Carmichael, Tricia Breen Carmichael
Summary: Liquid metal-embedded elastomers (LMEEs) are deformable composites made of liquid metal particles dispersed in an elastomeric matrix. A simple process is introduced to fabricate intrinsically conductive LMEEs with conductive surfaces by sedimenting microparticles of eutectic gallium-indium alloy in the elastomer. These materials are soft, stretchable, and exhibit stable conductivity.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Chuanhui Xu, Wenchao Wu, Zhongjie Zheng, Jiada Nie, Yukun Chen
Summary: A high-performance flexible conductive material was developed using cheap CMCS and XSBR, with added ZnO to create a Zn2+-COBS network for improved conductivity. The material exhibited superior tensile strength and adjustable volume resistance, showing better conductivity performance at higher water content, making it suitable for humidity detectors or solvent environments.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Li Shao, Xinyue Tang, Yujie Yang, Dacheng Wei, Yuanchang Lin, Guotian He, Dapeng Wei
Summary: With the development of wireless technology and flexible electronics, flexible frequency reconfigurable antennas are being widely used as sensors for detecting mechanical signals. This study introduces a flexible force sensitive frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna fabricated with silver fiber conductive fabric. By incorporating an elastic dielectric layer with a microhemispheric array, the frequency band width of the reconfigurable antenna is extended. The antenna demonstrates high sensing sensitivity and can be used as a strain sensor for measuring human finger bending angle and movements.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seungseok Han, Kyungmin Kim, Sang Yeon Lee, Seongjun Moon, Jung-Yong Lee
Summary: A novel stretchable film based on an over-layered liquid-metal network is proposed. An intentionally oxidized interfacial layer enables the formation of uninterrupted indium and gallium nanoclusters, creating additional electrical pathways under mechanical deformation. The films exhibit gigantic negative piezoresistivity (G-NPR), reducing resistance by up to 85% during the initial 50% stretching. The rupture of metal oxides allows the formation of liquid eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) and the connection of the over-layered networks to build new electrical paths.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matteo Solazzo, Michael G. Monaghan
Summary: PEDOT:PSS is an emerging biomaterial with applications in various biomedical technologies, and researchers are focusing on producing 3D scaffolds from it. The use of PEGDE as a crosslinking reagent improves the performance of PEDOT:PSS, resulting in 3D porous biomaterial sensors with unique mechanical and electrical features.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Zhe Wang, Yuetao Liu, Dejin Zhang, Kaiming Zhang, Chuanhui Gao, Yumin Wu
Summary: A stable and sensitive self-healing strain sensor based on silicone conductive composites was developed, with the incorporation of disulfide bonds, multiple hydrogen bonds and C-MXenes to enhance mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The material exhibited outstanding sensing properties and multiple self-healing cycles, making it a promising candidate for wearable sensor devices.
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Hongye Sun, Julian Zettl, Norbert Willenbacher
Summary: A highly conductive and stretchable filament for material extrusion 3D printing is presented, which surpasses the performance of commercial filaments. It has the potential to be used in stretchable electronics.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jun Wang, Jing Lin, Kelin Pan, Kaibang Zhang, Hebai Zhang, Jin Dong, Dechao Hu, Zhixin Jia, Jianyi Luo
Summary: In this study, a sparse-dense hierarchical structured conductive elastomer composite was synthesized using a one-pot method, which successfully developed a strain sensor with high stretchability, high sensitivity, and wide strain range. The sensor exhibited a wide detection range, fast response time, excellent repeatability, and stability, and was successfully applied in elbow and knee pads for motion monitoring.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohui Fang, Shikun Zhao, Zhen Qin, Yuhuan Lv, Kai Pan
Summary: The paper presents a flexible piezoresistive sensor based on a 3D nanostructure, with high sensitivity and wide pressure range, capable of accurately identifying human wrist pulse and joint bending.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Ren, Meng Li, Ruirui Li, Xuemiao Wang, Yan Li, Wu Yang
Summary: This study successfully prepared multifunctional hydrogels with high stretchability, toughness, adhesion, and conductivity using a two-step method. The hydrogels exhibited good adhesion strength, repeatable adhesion, and strain sensitivity, making them suitable for wearable electronic sensors.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Ren, Meng Li, Ruirui Li, Xuemiao Wang, Yan Li, Wu Yang
Summary: In this study, a two-step method was used to prepare multifunctional transparent hydrogels with high stretchability, toughness, adhesion, and conductivity. These hydrogels can adhere to various organic and inorganic materials. The highest adhesion strength of the hydrogels to the iron sheet reaches 22.33 kPa.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Wen Wang, Jie Cao, Jiawen Yu, Fajuan Tian, Xiaoyu Luo, Yiting Hao, Jiyan Huang, Fucheng Wang, Weiqiang Zhou, Jingkun Xu, Ximei Liu, Hanjun Yang
Summary: Supercapacitors, known for their high power density, fast charging and discharging speeds, and long service life, are widely used in various fields. However, the integration of supercapacitors in flexible electronics faces challenges regarding extensibility, bending stability, and operability. To address these challenges, we deposited thiophene and 3-methylthiophene on patterned 304 stainless steel through electropolymerization to prepare stretchable conducting polymer electrodes. Moreover, the cycling stability of the electrodes was improved by protecting them with a poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfuric acid gel electrolyte. The assembled flexible supercapacitors exhibited 93% stability even after 10,000 cycles of strain, highlighting their potential applications in flexible electronics.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Sheng, Jingshan He, Dun Ma, Yuanbo Wang, Wu Shao, Tian Ding, Ronghao Cen, Jingwen He, Zhihao Deng, Wenjun Wu
Summary: This study presents an innovative approach to improve the photovoltaic conversion characteristics and stability of perovskite solar cells through carbon electrode interface modification. By in-situ polymerization and carbonization on the surface of nano-graphite, a dendritic structure carbon electrode is formed, reducing the work function and aligning the energy levels with perovskite. This leads to improved charge and hole collection efficiency, resulting in increased photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the modified carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells exhibit exceptional stability, maintaining high efficiency even without encapsulation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guodong Shi, Jian Song, Xiaoxiao Tian, Tongtong Liu, Zhanjun Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates the improvement of mechanical properties and reduction of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in graphene oxide (GO)/epoxy (EP) nanocomposites by enhancing the interface between GO and EP through functionalization and incorporating rigid-flexible interphases. The results reveal that the SiO2-PEA-GO hybrid exhibits better strengthening and toughening effects, as well as lower CTE, compared to the PEA-GO hybrid due to the presence of rigid-flexible interfaces with higher bonding strength and better energy dissipation mechanisms. Additionally, the nanocomposites with longer polyetheramine (PEA) molecules in the rigid-flexible interphases demonstrate higher strength and toughness, while maintaining a lower CTE. This work provides a promising strategy for constructing adjustable flexible-rigid interfacial structures and offers potential in developing GO/EP nanocomposites with high mechanical properties and low CTE.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Rafal Janus, Sebastian Jarczewski, Jacek Jagiello, Piotr Natkanski, Mariusz Wadrzyk, Marek Lewandowski, Marek Michalik, Piotr Kustrowski
Summary: In this study, a facile procedure for the synthesis of CMK-1 and CMK-2 carbon replicas was developed. The method utilizes basic laboratory equipment and a renewable carbon source, and operates under mild conditions. The resulting carbon mesostructures exhibit exquisite replication fidelity and structural homogeneity, making them suitable for applications in various fields.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anqi Wang, Connor J. MacRobbie, Alex Baranovsky, Jean-Pierre Hickey, John Z. Wen
Summary: In this study, a novel polymer-free nanothermite aerogel with a wide range of nanoparticle loading was fabricated via a new additive manufacturing process. The SEM images showed a unique porous structure formed by extra thin rGO sheets, wrapping individual nanothermite clusters. The DSC-TGA results and high-speed combustion videos confirmed the enhanced energetic performance of the printed specimen.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wanze Wu, Misheng Zhao, Shiwei Miao, Xiaoyan Li, Yongzhong Wu, Xiao Gong, Hangxiang Wang
Summary: Superhydrophobic solar-driven interfacial evaporator is an energy-efficient technology for seawater desalination, which is easily fabricated using robust photothermal superhydrophobic coating and substrate. The created bifunctional coating on the melamine sponge substrate shows stable and highly efficient photothermal and superhydrophobic performance for seawater desalination. This superhydrophobic solar-driven interfacial evaporator is expected to have wide applications in seawater desalination.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zichen Xiang, Zhi Song, Tiansheng Wang, Menghang Feng, Yijing Zhao, Qitu Zhang, Yi Hou, Lixi Wang
Summary: This study presents a co-electrospinning synthesis strategy to fabricate lightweight and porous Co@C composite nanofibres with wideband microwave attenuation capacity. The addition of MOF-derived Co additives enhances the low-frequency absorption performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Snow, C. Olson, E. Torres, K. Shirley, E. Cazalas
Summary: This study investigates the use of a perovskite-based graphene field effect transistor (P-GFET) device for X-ray detection. The sensitivity and responsivity of the device were found to be influenced by factors such as X-ray tube voltage, current, and source-drain voltage. Simulation experiments were conducted to determine the dose rate and energy incident on the device during irradiation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zuzana Jankovska, Lenka Matejova, Jonas Tokarsky, Pavlina Peikertova, Milan Dopita, Karolina Gorzolkova, Dominika Habermannova, Michal Vastyl, Jakub Belik
Summary: This study provides new insights into microwave-assisted pyrolysis of scrap tyres, demonstrating that it can produce microporous carbon black with potential application in xylene adsorption. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave pyrolysis requires less time and energy while maintaining similar adsorption capacity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Max Bommert, Bruno Schuler, Carlo A. Pignedoli, Roland Widmer, Oliver Groning
Summary: A detailed understanding of the interaction between molecules and two-dimensional materials is crucial for incorporating functional molecular films into next-generation 2D material-organic hybrid devices. This study compares the energy level alignment of different-sized fullerenes on a Moire superstructure and finds that C-84 fullerenes can be either neutral or negatively charged depending on slight variations of the electrostatic potential. This discovery suggests a new path to achieve ambipolar charge transfer without overcoming the electronic gap of fullerenes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuanjing Cheng, Xianxian Sun, Ye Yuan, Shuang Yang, Yuanhao Ning, Dan Wang, Weilong Yin, Yibin Li
Summary: The dual-structure aerogel (GS) consisting of flexible silica fibers and graphene honeycomb structures exhibits excellent resilience, flexibility, and reliability. It also shows remarkable wave absorbing performance, making it an ideal candidate for microwave absorption applications such as flexible electronics and aerospace.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuyu Fan, Yinong Chen, Shu Xiao, Kejun Shi, Xinyu Meng, Songsheng Lin, Fenghua Su, Yifan Su, Paul K. Chu
Summary: Graphene coatings are promising solid lubrication materials due to their mechanical properties. This study presents a new method for in situ deposition of high-quality graphene coatings on hard substrates using NiCo solid solution and competitive reaction strategies. The graphene coating deposited on substrates with deep NiCo solid solution demonstrates superior low-friction and durability.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mengdi Wang, Sanyin Qu, Yanling Chen, Qin Yao, Lidong Chen
Summary: The improved thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers are achieved by selectively capturing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a conducting polymer film, leading to increased carrier mobility and reduced thermal conductivity. The resulting composite film exhibits significantly higher electrical conductivity and lower thermal conductivity compared to films with a mixture of SWNTs. This work provides a convenient and efficient method to enhance the thermoelectric properties of conducting polymers.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Heng Wei, Weihua Li, Kareem Bachagha
Summary: This article reviews the research progress of carbon nanotube-based microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) in recent years, covering the fundamental theory, design strategies, synthesis methods, and future development directions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chenguang Shi, Junlong Huang, Zongheng Cen, Tan Yi, Shaohong Liu, Ruowen Fu
Summary: This study developed a high-performance Li metal host material, which achieved dendrite-free Li deposition with a low nucleation overpotential and high Coulombic efficiencies through the combination of Ti3C2-g-PV4P sheets and Ag nanoparticles. The full cells assembled with the Li@host anode and LiFePO4 cathode exhibited high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability, demonstrating a perspective design for future energy storage devices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tomotaro Mae, Kentaro Kaneko, Hiroki Sakurai, Suguru Noda
Summary: A new partial prelithiation method for SiO/C-CNT electrodes was developed, which showed reduced irreversible capacity and achieved high energy densities with good reversibility. The method allows for precise control of the degree of prelithiation and is applicable to various chemistries.