Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stefano Annunziato, Tianliang Sun, Jan S. Tchorz
Summary: WNT/β-catenin signaling is key in liver development, homeostasis, and regeneration, but its dysregulation can lead to hepatic tumors. The RSPO-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module fine-tunes WNT/β-catenin signaling and may offer targets for novel therapies. Controversy surrounds LGR5 as a marker for liver stem cells.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ermanno Malagola, Yoku Hayakawa, Timothy C. Wang
Summary: Recent research has identified distinct roles for Lgr4 and Lgr5 in directing gland reconstitution following H. pylori infection, shedding new light on the complexities of Rspo signaling during gastric regeneration and raising questions about antral stem cell hierarchy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yukimatsu Toh, Ling Wu, Soohyun Park, Allison Wang, Jianghua Tu, Wangsheng Yu, Mingxin Zuo, Kendra S. Carmon, Qingyun J. Liu
Summary: LGR4 and LGR5 are homologous receptors that enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to RSPO ligands. While the RSPO and LGR4 complex binds to and inhibits E3 ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3, the RSPO and LGR5 complex does not interact with the E3 ligases. The underlying structural basis for this difference is still unknown.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
German Belenguer, Gianmarco Mastrogiovanni, Clare Pacini, Zoe Hall, Anna M. Dowbaj, Robert Arnes-Benito, Aleksandra Sljukic, Nicole Prior, Sofia Kakava, Charles R. Bradshaw, Susan Davies, Michele Vacca, Kourosh Saeb-Parsy, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Meritxell Huch
Summary: RNF43/ZNRF3 alterations contribute to liver disease and liver cancer by affecting differentiation and lipid metabolism of hepatocytes. The loss of these genes leads to steatohepatitis and an increase in unsaturated lipids. Deletion of Rnf43/Znrf3 results in defective hepatocyte regeneration and liver cancer, causing an imbalance between differentiation and proliferation. Interestingly, ZNRF3 mutant liver cancer patients have a poorer prognosis and exhibit altered hepatic lipid metabolism and steatohepatitis/NASH signatures.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Fiona Farnhammer, Gabriele Colozza, Jihoon Kim
Summary: The Wnt signaling pathway is crucial for embryonic development and adult stem cell homeostasis, but dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in various diseases. RNF43 and ZNRF3 are negative regulators of the Wnt pathway and control its activation by targeting the Frizzled receptor for degradation. This review article summarizes recent findings on RNF43 and ZNRF3 and their potential implications for therapeutic strategies targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEM CELLS
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Chhavi Goel, Satdarshan P. Monga, Kari Nejak-Bowen
Summary: Metabolic heterogeneity in the liver allows spatial regulation of different metabolic pathways to contribute to whole body homeostasis; The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in liver growth, metabolism, and pathology; The activation of β-catenin protein is essential for metabolic patterning in the liver.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andre A. Santos, Teresa C. Delgado, Vanda Marques, Carmen Ramirez-Moncayo, Cristina Alonso, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Zoe Hall, Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar, Cecilia M. P. Rodrigues
Summary: Hepatocytes in different lobule zones show distinct gene expression profiles, metabolic features, regenerative capacity, and susceptibility to damage due to the heterogeneity in oxygen, nutrient, and hormone gradients across the radial axis of the hepatic lobule. Metabolomic approaches provide a deeper understanding of the spatial metabolic profile and intercellular heterogeneity, contributing to the study of liver disease. These approaches allow for a comprehensive characterization of liver metabolic function with high spatial resolution. The challenges in achieving metabolome coverage at the single-cell level are also discussed.
Article
Oncology
Akifumi Kuwano, Masayoshi Yada, Fumiya Narutomi, Shigehiro Nagasawa, Kosuke Tanaka, Kazuki Kurosaka, Yoshihiro Ohishi, Akihide Masumoto, Kenta Motomura
Summary: The efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is not influenced by the activation of WNT/beta-catenin signal in HCC patients.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Le Yang, Wenhui Yue, Hang Zhang, Yue Gao, Lin Yang, Liying Li
Summary: RSPOs are evolutionarily conserved signals that play important roles in liver homeostasis and disease by interacting with different receptors and regulating multiple signaling pathways. They enhance WNT signaling, promote cell proliferation, protect hepatocytes, improve liver regenerative potential, and affect liver metabolic zonation.
Article
Surgery
Brandon J. Sumpio, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Anita Harrington, Drena Root, Robert McLaughlin, Scott Manchester, Christopher A. Latz, Zachary M. Feldman, Matthew Eagleton, Anahita Dua
Summary: The majority of bilateral ultrasound scans for venous insufficiency do not result in interventions. Therefore, most patients (95%) could have undergone a unilateral scan before the initial intervention instead of bilateral duplex ultrasound scanning.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY-VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Ki M. Mak, Dustin Kee, Da Wi Shin
Summary: This article reviews the literature on capillarization of hepatic sinusoids since its discovery in 1963, describing the unique characteristics of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and how they undergo capillarization in chronic liver disease. The study found that capillarized sinusoids compromise material exchange between hepatocytes and sinusoids, leading to hepatocellular dysfunction.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Young Kim, Sujin Lee, Adam Tanious, Charles S. Decarlo, Chien-Yi Maximilian Png, Shiv S. Patel, Abhisekh Mohapatra, Anahita Dua
Summary: This study examined the impact of weekend surgery on the outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The results showed that undergoing CEA over the weekend did not adversely affect patient outcomes.
VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Ki M. Mak, Dustin Kee, Christopher P. Cheng
Summary: This article reviews the histopathology of hepatic fibrosis in aged cadavers. The study identified various fibrotic changes in the livers, including steatosis, central vein fibrosis, perisinusoidal fibrosis, portal tract fibrosis, and septa formation. The study also investigated the presence of specific proteins and cells involved in the fibrosis process. The findings provide a foundation for further research on hepatic histopathologies associated with aging livers.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
C. Y. Maximilian Png, David Schneider, Kathyrn Nuzzolo, Sherry Scovell, Julianne Stoughton
Summary: The study found that the presence of popliteal vein reflux has no significant impact on postoperative occlusion rates at 6 months, but it is associated with a significantly increased rate in endothermal heat-induced thrombus (EHIT) and endovenous foam-induced thrombus (EFIT).
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY-VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Ki M. Mak, Aditya C. Shekhar
Summary: This article discusses the beneficial effects of Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) on liver cell injury and other tissues based on experimental research. PPC has various mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation and membrane damage. It also has significant antifibrotic effects, influences gut-liver-axis and gut-brain-axis, and protects extrahepatic tissues from injury caused by toxic compounds. PPC can be considered as a supportive treatment for liver disease.
ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
C. Y. Maximilian Png, Charles S. DeCarlo, Brandon T. Gaston, Katherine L. Morrow, Tiffany R. Bellomo, Nathan Katz, Nikolaos Zacharias, Sunita D. Srivastava, Anahita Dua
Summary: Recent studies have shown that routine completion angiography can increase postoperative patency in bypass using venous conduit. However, the effect of routine completion angiography on bypass patency in prosthetic bypasses has not been compared to the more traditional selective use of completion imaging.
ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Chien Yi Maximilian Png, Jenna G. Beardsley, Mitri K. Khoury, Sujin Lee, Katherine L. Morrow, Tiffany R. Bellomo, Sunita D. Srivastava, Anahita Dua
Summary: This study aimed to explore the use of the WIfI scoring system to assist in the anti-thrombotic management of lower extremity bypass patients. The results showed that patients discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation had lower rates of mortality, major amputation, and major adverse limb events at 30 days postoperatively compared to patients discharged on single antiplatelet therapy. The MALE-free survival rate was also higher in the dual antiplatelet therapy/anticoagulation group. Therefore, consideration could be given to preferentially discharging lower extremity bypass patients with low WIfI scores on dual antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation.
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Young Kim, Bennet S. Cho, Charles DeCarlo, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Samuel Jessula, Shiv S. Patel, Abhisekh Mohapatra, Anahita Dua
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Young Kim, Bennet S. Cho, Charles DeCarlo, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Monica Majumdar, Shiv S. Patel, Abhisekh Mohapatra, Anahita Dua
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Peter V. Cooke, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Justin M. George, Matthew J. Eagleton, Rami O. Tadros
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Peter V. Cooke, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Justin M. George, Matthew J. Eagleton, Rami O. Tadros
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Charles Decarlo, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Young Kim, Anna Pendleton, Monica Majumdar, Abhisekh Mohapatra, Jahan Mohebali, Nikolaos Zacharias, Anahita Dua
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
Charles DeCarlo, Elizabeth Andraska, C. Y. Maximilian Png, Young Kim, Jahan Mohebali, Nikolaos Zacharias, Anahita Dua, Abhisekh Mohapatra
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Surgery
C. Y. Maximilian Png, David Schneider, Kathryn Nuzzulo, Sherry Scovell, Julianne Stoughton
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)