Lead-free perovskite quantum structures towards the efficient solar cell

Lead-based perovskites are currently the archetypal materials being used in photovoltaic (PV) and optoelectronic devices. Self-assembled 0D, 1D and 2D quantum perovskite structures opens up the horizon for application in solar cells (PSCs), owing to their ability to regulate the light absorption as well as the mitigation of the thermal scattering. To widen the ranging application of these perovskites, the toxic lead is essential to be replaced. Recently CsSnX3 quantum rods achieved efficiency of similar to 13%. Thus, this review aims to provide a summarized overview of lead-free PSC technologies using quantum structures which helped to gain further insights into developing green solar cells. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.