Review
Immunology
Zhen Yuan, Yi Lu, Jia Wei, Jiaqi Wu, Jin Yang, Zhejun Cai
Summary: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are local dilations of the infrarenal segment of aortas, with inflammation playing a central role in their development. In addition to inflammatory cells like T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, special structures such as inflammasomes and neutrophil extracellular traps are investigated for their roles in aneurysm formation. Understanding the impacts and interactions of these inflammatory cells and structures is crucial for developing new screening and pharmacological interventions for AAA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annika Brandau, Nahla Ibrahim, Johannes Klopf, Hubert Hayden, Maria Ozsvar-Kozma, Taras Afonyushkin, Sonja Bleichert, Lukas Fuchs, Viktoria Watzinger, Verena Nairz, Emely Manville, Veronika Kessler, Herbert Stangl, Wolf Eilenberg, Christoph Neumayer, Christine Brostjan
Summary: This study investigated the potential association of lipoprotein particles and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The results suggest a promoting role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on NET formation in AAA patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johannes Klopf, Christine Brostjan, Christoph Neumayer, Wolf Eilenberg
Summary: Neutrophils play a central role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis, with neutrophil-derived biomarkers potentially aiding in diagnosis, prognosis, and early intervention. Future prospective clinical studies are needed to validate these promising biomarkers for predicting AAA presence, size, expansion rate, rupture risk, and postoperative outcome.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Wolf Eilenberg, Branislav Zagrapan, Sonja Bleichert, Nahla Ibrahim, Viktoria Knobl, Annika Brandau, Luca Martelanz, Marie-Therese Grasl, Hubert Hayden, Paimann Nawrozi, Renata Rajic, Charlotte Hausler, Alexandros Potolidis, Nawa Schirwani, Andreas Scheuba, Johannes Klopf, Peter Teubenbacher, Markus P. Weigl, Patrick Kirchweger, Dietrich Beitzke, Alexander Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff, Adelheid Panzenbock, Irene Lang, Lisa-Marie Mauracher, Lena Hell, Ingrid Pabinger, Marc A. Bailey, D. Julian A. Scott, Lars Maegdefessel, Albert Busch, Ihor Huk, Christoph Neumayer, Christine Brostjan
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study found that the NET component citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) may serve as a promising biomarker for AAA, with increased levels in AAA patients compared to healthy controls. CitH3 could also predict AAA growth over 6 months and dropped significantly after surgical aneurysm repair, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ming Wei, Xia Wang, Yanting Song, Di Zhu, Dan Qi, Shiyu Jiao, Guomin Xie, Ye Liu, Baoqi Yu, Jie Du, Yuji Wang, Aijuan Qu
Summary: The study revealed that PAD4-dependent NET formation plays a critical role in AAA rupture, and inhibition of NET formation can reduce the risk of AAA rupture, providing a novel potential therapeutic strategy for AAA disease.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Phei Er Saw, Jianing Chen, Erwei Song
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in both infection control and tumor metastasis. The study by Mousset et al. published in Cancer Cell reveals that chemotherapy-induced inflammation promotes NETosis in malignant tumors, leading to chemoresistance. This finding highlights the potential of targeting inflammatory NETs for cancer treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannes A. Baukmann, Justin L. Cope, Colin Bannard, Alexander R. E. C. Schwinges, Margaretha R. J. Lamparter, Sarah Groves, Charles N. J. Ravarani, Borko Amulic, Joern E. Klinger, Marco F. Schmidt
Summary: Despite the availability of vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, treating critically ill COVID-19 patients remains crucial. This study presents an alternative method for identifying drug repurposing targets by screening disease-causing traits, leading to the discovery of potential treatment targets for critical illness.
Correction
Hematology
S. Sangaletti, C. Tripodo, C. Chiodoni
Summary: This study demonstrates that the structures of NETs are highly immunogenic to trigger an adaptive immune response relevant for autoimmunity.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sarthak Gupta, Mariana J. Kaplan
Summary: The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus involves a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility factors and the environment, leading to abnormal cell death and immune dysregulation. Recent research has highlighted the important roles of components of the innate immune system, such as neutrophils and interferons, in the pathogenesis of lupus and their potential for novel therapeutic strategies.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kerstin H. Mair, Maria Stadler, Mahsa Adib Razavi, Armin Saalmuller, Wilhelm Gerner
Summary: This study demonstrates the expression and function of NKp46 on porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). It was found that the majority of porcine pDCs express NKp46 and have an active signaling pathway upon NKp46 triggering, leading to cytokine production. However, unlike NK cells, NKp46 on porcine pDCs does not seem to be involved in cytotoxicity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Erin B. Taylor
Summary: This article discusses the importance of dysregulation of neutrophil extracellular trap formation in viral infections and explores treatment methods targeting NET formation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Stoimenou, Georgios Tzoros, Panagiotis Skendros, Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
Summary: Several studies suggest that NETs may play a role in inflammatory and thrombotic disorders, thus serving as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools. This article compares commonly used techniques for assessing NET formation and discusses the challenges and advantages in evaluating NETs. The review provides insights into the molecular analysis of NETs in translational medicine today.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shan Lu, Ruihan Wang, Weiguo Fu, Yi Si
Summary: This article introduces the pathological process of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), highlighting their potential applications as biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as poor targeting effect, low accumulation rate, and rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aldona Siennicka, Monika Adamowicz, Natalie Grzesch, Magdalena Klysz, Jaroslaw Wozniak, Miloslaw Cnotliwy, Katarzyna Galant, Maria Jastrzebska
Summary: This study compared the levels of inflammatory mediators in different thicknesses of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) and adjacent abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) walls. The results showed that neutrophil elastase, TNF-a, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in thick ILT and aneurysmal walls covered by thick ILT. Positive correlations were also found between thick ILT and the adjacent wall, as well as thin ILT and the adjacent wall. These findings suggest that neutrophil mediators and inflammatory cytokines may accumulate differently in AAA tissues based on ILT thickness, potentially weakening the AAA wall.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meiling Zheng, Zhi Hu, Xiaole Mei, Lianlian Ouyang, Yang Song, Wenhui Zhou, Yi Kong, Ruifang Wu, Shijia Rao, Hai Long, Wei Shi, Hui Jing, Shuang Lu, Haijing Wu, Sujie Jia, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao
Summary: This study compares the differences between cutaneous lesions from DLE and SLE patients and healthy controls using single-cell RNA sequencing data. The findings reveal differential immune cell recruitment, cell type, and gene expression, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for lupus erythematosus.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)